The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Evidence that glutamine, not sugar, is the major energy source for cultured HeLa cells.
Open accessOverview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“glutamine has been confirmed to be a major nutrient source for oxidative metabolism in some cancer cell lines10–12”
From Glutamine reliance in cell metabolism (2020) · cites this paper as [12]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
PROTEIN MEASUREMENT WITH THE FOLIN PHENOL REAGENT
Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N., Farr, A. L., & Randall, R. (1951) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52451-6 · Cited by 316,394
A Flexible System of Enzymatic Analysis
Lowry, O. H., & Passonneau, J. V. (1972) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-457950-7.x5001-3 · Cited by 4,050
Nutrition Needs of Mammalian Cells in Tissue Culture
Eagle, H. (1955) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.122.3168.501 · Cited by 1,619
Patterson, M. S., & Greene, R. C. (1965) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac60226a017 · Cited by 1,459
Uptake and Metabolism of Plasma Glutamine by the Small Intestine
Windmueller, H. G., & Spaeth, A. E. (1974) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42329-6 · Cited by 791
The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis. V. Paper Chromatography and Radioautography of the Products1
Benson, A. A., Bassham, J. A., Calvin, M., Goodale, T. C., Haas, V. A., & Stepka, W. (1950) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja01160a080 · Cited by 479
The Use of Glucose-C14 for the Evaluation of the Pathways of Glucose Metabolism
Katz, J. J., & Wood, H. G. (1960) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64593-4 · Cited by 405
Alp, P. R., Newsholme, E. A., & Zammit, V. A. (1976) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj1540689 · Cited by 404
Uber den Stoffwechsel der Karzinomezellen
Warburg, O. (1924) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 401
A new method for the determination of inulin in plasma and urine
Heyrovský, A. (1956) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0009-8981(56)90020-1 · Cited by 377
Regulatory Mechanisms in Carbohydrate Metabolism
Wu, R. (1959) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)69674-7 · Cited by 229
Wilson, D. F., Stubbs, M., Veech, R. L., Erecińska, M., & Krebs, H. A. (1974) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj1400057 · Cited by 218
Renner, E. D., Plagemann, P. G. W., & Bernlohr, R. W. (1972) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)44825-4 · Cited by 216
GLUTAMINE AS SOURCE MATERIAL OF URINARY AMMONIA
Slyke, D. D. V., Phillips, R. A., Hamilton, P., Archibald, R. M., Futcher, P. H., & Hiller, A. (1943) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)72173-x · Cited by 208
The Utilization of Carbohydrates by Human Cell Cultures
Eagle, H., Barban, S., Levy, M., & Schulze, H. O. (1958) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64702-7 · Cited by 207
Energy metabolism in respiration‐deficient and wild type chinese hamster fibroblasts in culture
Donnelly, M. I., & Scheffler, I. E. (1976) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.1040890105 · Cited by 150
STUDIES OF TISSUE PERMEABILITY
Crane, R. K., Field, R. A., Cori, C. F., & Roberts, M. L. (1957) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64957-9 · Cited by 138
Biochemistry of Cultured Mammalian Cells
Levintow, L., & Eagle, H. (1961) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.30.070161.003133 · Cited by 129
Growth of human diploid fibroblasts in the absence of glucose utilization.
Zielke, H. R., Ozand, P. T., Tildón, J. T., Sevdalian, D. A., & Cornblath, M. (1976) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.73.11.4110 · Cited by 106
EFFECT OF ANIONS ON THE NON-ENZYMATIC DESAMIDATION OF GLUTAMINE
Gilbert, J. B., Price, V., & Greenstein, J. P. (1949) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)56737-5 · Cited by 100
Munyon, W. H., & Merchant, D. J. (1959) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/0014-4827(59)90069-2 · Cited by 93
Growth of cultured mammalian cells on secondary glucose sources
Rheinwald, J. G., & Green, H. (1974) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(74)90023-3 · Cited by 71
Bae, I., & Foote, R. H. (1975) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/0014-4827(75)90148-2 · Cited by 58
Amino acid utilization by L-M strain mouse cells in a chemically defined medium
Stoner, G. D., & Merchant, D. J. (1972) · In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant · doi:10.1007/bf02661723 · Cited by 56
Factors Affecting Blastocyst Expansion of Rabbit Zygotes and Young Embryos in Defined Media
Kane, M. T., & Foote, R. H. (1971) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1093/biolreprod/4.1.41 · Cited by 52
Glutamate Oxidation in 6C3HED Lymphoma: Effects of L-Asparaginase on Sensitive and Resistant Lines
Lavietes, B. B., Regan, D. H., & Demopoulos, H. B. (1974) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.71.10.3993 · Cited by 48
Utilization of glutamine for energy and protein synthesis by cultured rabbit follicular oocytes
Bae, I., & Foote, R. H. (1975) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/0014-4827(75)90333-x · Cited by 47
Growth and Glycolysis in the Human Diploid Cell Strain WI-38.
Cristofalo, V. J., & Kritchevsky, D. (1965) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.3181/00379727-118-30057 · Cited by 45
The Significance of Glycolysis 2
Graff, S., Moser, H., Kastner, O., Graff, A. M., & Tannenbaum, M. (1965) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/34.4.511 · Cited by 36
Glutamine and Glutamate as Respiratory Substrates of Rabbit Reticulocytes
Rapoport, S. M., Rost, J., & Schultze, M. (1971) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1971.tb01604.x · Cited by 35
CULTURE OF TWO-CELL RABBIT EMBRYOS TO MORULAE
Brinster, R. L. (1970) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0210017 · Cited by 34
Fibroblasts as an Experimental Tool in Metabolic and Hormone Studies
Morell, B., & Froesch, E. R. (1973) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1973.tb00337.x · Cited by 33
Bailey, J. M., Gey, G. O., & Gey, M. K. (1959) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)98126-3 · Cited by 28
THE METABOLISM OF TISSUE CULTURES
Wilson, H., Jackson, E. B., & Brues, A. M. (1942) · The Journal of General Physiology · doi:10.1085/jgp.25.5.689 · Cited by 25
Effect of Asparagine and Glutamine Deficiency on Normal and Leukemic Cells 2
Schrèk, R., Holcenberq, J. S., Batra, K. V., Roberts, J., & Dolowy, W. C. (1973) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/51.4.1103 · Cited by 22
Asparaginase and glutaminase activities in culture media containing dialyzed fetal calf serum
Wein, J., & Goetz, I. E. (1973) · In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant · doi:10.1007/bf02618436 · Cited by 19
An Alteration in Glucose Metabolism Associated with a Defect in Ketone Body Metabolism
Tildón, J. T. (1973) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.70.1.210 · Cited by 8
[13] Estimation of Fructokinase (ketohexokinase) in crude tissue preparations
Weiser, M. M., & Quill, H. (1975) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(75)41015-1 · Cited by 6
Expressing tissue culture respiration
Phillips, H. J., Andrews, R. V., & Skank, V. (1960) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/0014-4827(60)90136-1 · Cited by 5
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Paul, 1965, 1, 239
- Cristofalo, 1970, 2, 95
- Graff, 1965, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 34, 511
- Noll, 1966, Biochem. Z., 346, 41
- Paul, 1956, Biochem. J., 63, 16p
- Munyon, 1941, J. Gen. Physiol., 25, 689
- Krebs, 1943, Adv. Enzymol., 3, 191
- Warburg, 1924, Biochem. Z., 152, 309
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Regulation of cancer cell metabolism
Cairns, R. A., Harris, I. S., & Mak, T. W. (2011) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc2981 · Cited by 4,744
The Biology of Cancer: Metabolic Reprogramming Fuels Cell Growth and Proliferation
DeBerardinis, R. J., Lum, J. J., Hatzivassiliou, G., & Thompson, C. B. (2008) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.10.002 · Cited by 4,088
Aerobic glycolysis: Meeting the metabolic requirements of cell proliferation
Lunt, S. Y., & Vander Heiden, M. G. (2011) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154237 · Cited by 3,057
DeBerardinis, R. J., Mancuso, A., Daikhin, E., Nissim, I., Yudkoff, M., Wehrli, S., & Thompson, C. B. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0709747104 · Cited by 2,622
Posttranscriptional Control of T Cell Effector Function by Aerobic Glycolysis
Chang, C.-H., Curtis, J. D., Maggi, L. B., Faubert, B., Villarino, A. V., O’Sullivan, D., Huang, S. C.-C., van der Windt, G. J. W., Blagih, J., Qiu, J., et al. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.016 · Cited by 2,204
Metadata
- Authors
- Reitzer, L. J., Wice, B. M., & Kennell, D.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1979-04
- Volume
- 254
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2669-2676
- ISSN
- 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1483212110
- Cited by
- 1,240
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 12.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Cancer Society
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- glutamine, glucose, energy metabolism, HeLa cells, cultured cells, energy sources
- MeSH terms
- Adenosine Diphosphate, Adenosine Triphosphate, Citric Acid Cycle, Fructose, Galactose, Glucose, Glutamine, HeLa Cells, Humans, Kinetics, Lactates, Pentoses
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
