Nutrition Needs of Mammalian Cells in Tissue Culture
Abstract
46728MetricsTotal Downloads467Last 6 Months77Last 12 Months170Total Citations28Last 6 Months1Last 12 Months1View all metrics
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Glutamine is a major nutrient source for oxidative metabolism in some cancer cell lines.
“glutamine has been confirmed to be a major nutrient source for oxidative metabolism in some cancer cell lines10–12”
From Glutamine reliance in cell metabolism (2020) · cites this paper as [10]
Glutamine supplementation is necessary for the growth and viability of many cultured cell lines, particularly cancer cell lines.
“While glutamine can be synthesized directly by most mammalian cells, it has been recognized for several decades that glutamine supplementation is necessary for the growth and viability of many cultured cell lines, particularly cancer cell lines (72, 75, 76).”
From Regulation and function of the mammalian tricarboxylic acid cycle (2023) · cites this paper as [75]
Cites
THE FREE AMINO ACIDS OF HUMAN BLOOD PLASMA
Stein, W. H., & Moore, S. (1954) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)71179-4 · Cited by 935 · see citing works
STUDIES ON THE PROPAGATION IN VITRO OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUSES
Scherer, W. F., Syverton, J. T., & Gey, G. O. (1953) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.97.5.695 · Cited by 856 · see citing works
The Growth in Vitro of Single Isolated Tissue Cells
Sanford, K. K., Earle, W. R., & Likely, G. D. (1948) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/9.3.229 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Propagation in a Fluid Medium of a Human Epidermoid Carcinoma, Strain KB
Eagle, H. (1955) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.3181/00379727-89-21811 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Self-citationThe growth response of mammalian cells in tissue culture to L-glutamine and L-glutamic acid
Eagle, H., Oyama, V. I., Levy, M., Horton, C. L., & Fleischman, R. (1956) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65826-0 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Self-citationEagle, H. (1955) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.102.1.37 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Self-citationEagle, H. (1955) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.102.5.595 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Self-citationContinuous Subcultivation of Epithelial-like Cells from Normal Human Tissues.
Chang, R. S.-M. (1954) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.3181/00379727-87-21406 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
THE SPECIFIC AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS OF A MAMMALIAN CELL (STRAIN L) IN TISSUE CULTURE
Eagle, H. (1955) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)70932-0 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Self-citationUtilization of Dipeptides by Mammalian Cells in Tissue Culture
Eagle, H. (1955) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.3181/00379727-89-21726 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ferroptosis: A Regulated Cell Death Nexus Linking Metabolism, Redox Biology, and Disease
Stockwell, B. R., Friedmann Angeli, J. P., Bayir, H., Bush, A. I., Conrad, M., Dixon, S. J., Fulda, S., Gascón, S., Hatzios, S. K., Kagan, V. E., et al. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.021 · Cited by 7,695 · see citing works
Regulation of cancer cell metabolism
Cairns, R. A., Harris, I. S., & Mak, T. W. (2011) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc2981 · Cited by 4,744 · see citing works
From Krebs to clinic: glutamine metabolism to cancer therapy
Altman, B. J., Stine, Z. E., & Dang, C. V. (2016) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.71 · Cited by 2,119 · see citing works
Wise, D. R., DeBerardinis, R. J., Mancuso, A., Sayed, N., Zhang, X.-Y., Pfeiffer, H. K., Nissim, I., Daikhin, E., Yudkoff, M., McMahon, S. B., et al. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0810199105 · Cited by 2,001 · see citing works
Glutamine addiction: a new therapeutic target in cancer
Wise, D. R., & Thompson, C. B. (2010) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2010.05.003 · Cited by 1,770 · see citing works
Cao, J. Y., & Dixon, S. J. (2016) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-016-2194-1 · Cited by 1,515 · see citing works
Q's next: the diverse functions of glutamine in metabolism, cell biology and cancer
DeBerardinis, R. J., & Cheng, T. (2010) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2009.358 · Cited by 1,365 · see citing works
Evidence that glutamine, not sugar, is the major energy source for cultured HeLa cells.
Reitzer, L. J., Wice, B. M., & Kennell, D. (1979) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)30124-2 · Cited by 1,240 · see citing works
Glutamine reliance in cell metabolism
Yoo, H. C., Yu, Y. C., Sung, Y., & Han, J. M. (2020) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-020-00504-8 · Cited by 1,021 · see citing works
Metabolic Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in the Hypoxic Niche
Suda, T., Takubo, K., & Semenza, G. L. (2011) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2011.09.010 · Cited by 844 · see citing works
Glutamine Metabolism in Cancer: Understanding the Heterogeneity
Cluntun, A. A., Lukey, M. J., Cerione, R. A., & Locasale, J. W. (2017) · Trends in Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.trecan.2017.01.005 · Cited by 796 · see citing works
Sullivan, M. R., Danai, L. V., Lewis, C. A., Chan, S. H., Gui, D. Y., Kunchok, T., Dennstedt, E. A., Vander Heiden, M. G., & Muir, A. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.44235 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Gene expression perturbation in vitro—A growing case for three-dimensional (3D) culture systems
Birgersdotter, A., Sandberg, R., & Ernberg, I. (2005) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2005.06.009 · Cited by 591 · see citing works
Regulation and function of the mammalian tricarboxylic acid cycle
Arnold, P. K., & Finley, L. W. S. (2023) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102838 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
“While glutamine can be synthesized directly by most mammalian cells, it has been recognized for several decades that glutamine supplementation is necessary for the growth and viability of many cultured cell lines, particularly cancer cell lines (72, 75, 76).”
BackgroundBCAT1 promotes cell proliferation through amino acid catabolism in gliomas carrying wild-type IDH1
Tönjes, M., Barbus, S., Park, Y. J., Wang, W., Schlotter, M., Lindroth, A. M., Pleier, S. V., Bai, A. H. C., Karra, D., Piro, R. M., et al. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3217 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Nutrient acquisition strategies of mammalian cells
Palm, W., & Thompson, C. B. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature22379 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Cancer metabolism: current perspectives and future directions
Muñoz-Pinedo, C., El Mjiyad, N., & Ricci, J.-E. (2012) · Cell Death & Disease · doi:10.1038/cddis.2011.123 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Muir, A., Danai, L. V., Gui, D. Y., Waingarten, C. Y., Lewis, C. A., & Vander Heiden, M. G. (2017) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.27713 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
The Influence of Metabolism on Drug Response in Cancer
Zaal, E. A., & Berkers, C. R. (2018) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2018.00500 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Glutamine Metabolism Regulates Proliferation and Lineage Allocation in Skeletal Stem Cells
Yu, Y., Newman, H., Shen, L., Sharma, D., Hu, G., Mirando, A. J., Zhang, H., Knudsen, E., Zhang, G.-F., Hilton, M. J., et al. (2019) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.01.016 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
“Glutamine has long been recognized as an important nutrient in proliferating cells in culture (Eagle, et al., 1956; Eagle, 1955).”
BackgroundThe Diverse Functions of Non-Essential Amino Acids in Cancer
Choi, B.-H., & Coloff, J. L. (2019) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers11050675 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
High-Throughput Discovery of Synthetic Surfaces That Support Proliferation of Pluripotent Cells
Derda, R., Musah, S., Orner, B. P., Klim, J. R., Li, L., & Kiessling, L. L. (2010) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja906089g · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Altered energy metabolism in cancer: A unique opportunity for therapeutic intervention
Zhang, Y., & Yang, J.-M. (2013) · Cancer Biology & Therapy · doi:10.4161/cbt.22958 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Kinetics of G1 transit following brief starvation for serum factors.
Campisi, J., Morreo, G., & Pardee, A. B. (1984) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/0014-4827(84)90647-5 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Hoerner, C. R., Chen, V. J., & Fan, A. C. (2019) · Kidney Cancer · doi:10.3233/kca-180043 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Thoma, T., Löhr, L., Demuth, P., Hambruch, N., Oesch, F., & Landsiedel, R. (2026) · NAM Journal · doi:10.1016/j.namjnl.2026.100126
- Authors
- Eagle, H.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Eagle, Harry
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1955-09-16
- Volume
- 122
- Issue
- 3168
- Pages
- 501-504
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2053387982
- Cited by
- 1,619
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 22.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cancer and biochemical research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Keywords
- tissue culture, cell growth requirements, cell culture media
- MeSH terms
- Health Services Needs and Demand, Research Design, Tissue Culture Techniques
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review