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Pharmacokinetics, outcome of treatment, and toxic effects of amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine in neonates
Abstract
To determine the pharmacokinetics of amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine in neonates, we measured serum concentrations at first dose and after 5 days of therapy by high-performance liquid chromatography in 13 neonates (mean birth weight 1.2 +/- 0.8 kg). The dose of amphotericin B was serially increased from 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg/day in 10 infants but was decreased from 0.8 to 1.0 to 0.5 mg/kg/day in three infants. Amphotericin B concentrations were not detectable in infants receiving 0.1 mg/kg/day. Amphotericin B cerebrospinal fluid concentrations were 40% to 90% of serum values obtained simultaneously. Serum concentrations after oral administration of 5-fluorocytosine (dose 25 to 100 mg/kg/day) were detectable in all infants. We found extreme interindividual variability for the half-life, volume of distribution, and clearance for both drugs. Four infants had minimal elimination for both drugs between doses, a finding that correlates with rises in serum creatinine (greater than 0.4 mg/dl, 40 mumol/L) and blood urea nitrogen (greater than 10 mg/dl, 3.6 mmol/L). We recommend that the dose of amphotericin B given on the first day of treatment be greater than the usual testing dose of 0.1 mg/kg/day. We also recommend an initial 24-hour dosing interval for amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine. Serum drug concentrations may need to be monitored in high-risk, low birth weight infants.
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“Because clearance of flucytosine is directly proportional to glomerular filtration rate, infants with very low birth weight may accumulate high plasma concentrations because of immature renal function [88].”
From Guidelines for Treatment of Candidiasis (2004) · cites this paper as [88]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Baley, J. E., Meyers, C., Kliegman, R. M., Jacobs, M. R., & Blumer, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Baley, Jill E.
- ORCID
- Jacobs, Michael R.
- Venue
- The Journal of Pediatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1990-05
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 791-797
- ISSN
- 0022-3476 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2019367173
- Cited by
- 184
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 2.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Fungal Infections and Studies
- Keywords
- amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, neonates, pharmacokinetics, serum drug concentration, cerebrospinal fluid drug concentration, interindividual variability, drug elimination, renal function, low birth weight infants, antifungal therapy, dosing interval, therapeutic drug monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Amphotericin B, Candidiasis, Flucytosine, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Kidney, Mycoses, Prognosis
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