The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Reduces the Risk of Progression in Patients with Superficial Bladder Cancer: A Meta-analysis of the Published Results of Randomized Clinical Trials
Abstract
PURPOSE: We determine if intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) reduces the risk of progression after transurethral resection to stage T2 disease or higher in patients with superficial (stage Ta, T1 or carcinoma in situ) bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A meta-analysis was performed of the published results of randomized clinical trials comparing transurethral resection plus intravesical BCG to either resection alone or resection plus another treatment other than BCG. RESULTS: We identified 24 trials with progression information on 4,863 patients. Based on a median followup of 2.5 years and a maximum of 15 years, 260 of 2,658 patients on BCG (9.8%) had progression compared to 304 of 2,205 patients in the control groups (13.8%), a reduction of 27% in the odds of progression on BCG (OR 0.73, p = 0.001). The percent of patients with progression was low (6.4% of 2,880 patients with papillary tumors and 13.9% of 403 patients with carcinoma in situ, reflecting the short followup and relatively low risk patients entered in many of the trials. The size of the treatment effect was similar in patients with papillary tumors and in those with carcinoma in situ. However, only patients receiving maintenance BCG benefited. There was no statistically significant difference in treatment effect for either overall survival or death due to bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Intravesical BCG significantly reduces the risk of progression after transurethral resection in patients with superficial bladder cancer who receive maintenance treatment. Thus, it is the agent of choice for patients with intermediate and high risk papillary tumors and those with carcinoma in situ.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Lamm, D. L., Van Der Meijden, A. P. M., Morales, A., Brosman, S. A., Catalona, W. J., Herr, H. W., Soloway, M. S., Steg, A., & Debruyne, F. M. J. (1992) · Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)37316-0 · Cited by 786
Self-citationLamm, D. L., Blumenstein, B. A., Crawford, E. D., Montie, J. E., Scardino, P., Grossman, H. B., Stanisic, T. H., Smith, J. A., Sullivan, J., Sarosdy, M. F., et al. (1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199110243251703 · Cited by 605
Self-citationThe Treated Natural History of High Risk Superficial Bladder Cancer: 15-year Outcome
Cookson, M. S., Herr, H. W., Zhang, Z.-F., Soloway, S., Sogani, P. C., & Fair, W. R. (1997) · Journal of Urology · doi:10.1097/00005392-199707000-00017 · Cited by 549
Complications of bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy in 1,278 patients with bladder cancer
Lamm, D. L., Stogdill, V. D., Stogdill, B. J., & Crispen, R. G. (1986) · Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)45606-0 · Cited by 394
Self-citationOosterlinck, W., Kurth, K. H., Schröder, F., Bultinck, J., Hammond, B., Sylvester, R., & Embers of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genitourinary Group (1993) · Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)36198-0 · Cited by 361
Self-citationExperience with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in Patients with Superficial Bladder Carcinoma
Brosman, S. A. (1982) · Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)52736-6 · Cited by 314
Shelley, M. D., Kynaston, H., Court, J., Wilt, T. J., Coles, B., Burgon, K., & Mason, M. D. (2001) · BJU International · doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2001.02306.x · Cited by 313
Pawinski, A., Sylvester, R., Kurth, K. H., Bouffioux, C., Van Der Meijden, A., Parmar, M. K. B., Bijnens, L., For the Members of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genitourinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group, & The Medical Research Council Working Party on Superficial Bladder Cancer (1996) · Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)65396-5 · Cited by 301
Self-citationHerr, H. W., Schwalb, D. M., Zhang, Z. F., Sogani, P. C., Fair, W. R., Whitmore, W. F., & Oettgen, H. F. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1995.13.6.1404 · Cited by 300
Lamm, D. L., Riggs, D. R., Traynelis, C. L., & Nseyo, U. O. (1995) · Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)67427-5 · Cited by 186
Self-citation
Cited by
Kleinnijenhuis, J., Quintin, J., Preijers, F., Joosten, L. A. B., Ifrim, D. C., Saeed, S., Jacobs, C., van Loenhout, J., de Jong, D., Stunnenberg, H. G., et al. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1202870109 · Cited by 1,728
EAU Guidelines on Non–Muscle-invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Update 2013
Babjuk, M., Burger, M., Zigeuner, R., Shariat, S. F., van Rhijn, B. W. G., Compérat, E., Sylvester, R. J., Kaasinen, E., Böhle, A., Palou Redorta, J., et al. (2013) · European Urology · doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2013.06.003 · Cited by 1,174
Self-citationThe mechanism of action of BCG therapy for bladder cancer--a current perspective
Redelman-Sidi, G., Glickman, M. S., & Bochner, B. H. (2014) · Nature Reviews Urology · doi:10.1038/nrurol.2014.15 · Cited by 729
Impact of allocation concealment on conclusions drawn from meta-analyses of randomized trials
Pildal, J., Hrobjartsson, A., Jorgensen, K., Hilden, J., Altman, D., & Gotzsche, P. (2007) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dym087 · Cited by 472
A framework for the development of effective anti-metastatic agents
Anderson, R. L., Balasas, T., Callaghan, J., Coombes, R. C., Evans, J., Hall, J. A., Kinrade, S., Jones, D., Jones, P. S., Jones, R., et al. (2019) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-018-0134-8 · Cited by 341
Metadata
- Authors
- SYLVESTER, R. J., van der MEIJDEN, A. P. M., & LAMM, D. L.
- Venue
- Journal of Urology
- Published
- 2002-11
- Volume
- 168
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1964-1970
- ISSN
- 0022-5347 (ISSN-L)
- 1527-3792
- OpenAlex
- W2116195839
- Cited by
- 1,312
- References
- 14
- FWCI
- 5.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Reduces the Risk of Progression in Patients with Superficial Bladder Cancer: A Meta-analysis of the Published Results of Randomized Clinical Trials. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0022-5347(05)64273-5
- The paper
- SYLVESTER, R. J., van der MEIJDEN, A. P. M., & LAMM, D. L. (2002). Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Reduces the Risk of Progression in Patients with Superficial Bladder Cancer: A Meta-analysis of the Published Results of Randomized Clinical Trials. Journal of Urology. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(05)64273-5
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
