The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Spinal bone density in women using depot medroxyprogesterone contraception*1
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine factors possibly associated with reduced bone density in women using the injectable contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, bone mineral density of the lumbar spine was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in 200 current users of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate who had used this method of contraception for 2-26 years and compared with 350 control subjects. Bone density results are expressed as standard deviation scores (z score). RESULTS: The bone density was significantly lower in depot medroxyprogesterone acetate users (mean z score: -0.65, 95% confidence intervals [CI] -0.80, -0.49, P < .001). Bone density was significantly reduced in nonsmokers and smokers, and there was no significant difference in mean z score between smokers and nonsmokers (mean -0.75 versus -0.58, P=.30). Women who had started depot medroxyprogesterone acetate after the age of 20 years and who had used it for 15 or fewer years had a significantly higher bone density than the remainder of the cohort (mean -0.45 [95% CI -0.62, -0.27] versus -1.02 [95% CI -1.32, -0.73], P < .005). Bone density in depot medroxyprogesterone acetate users was not related to current age, parity, body mass index, calcium intake, or exercise. CONCLUSION: Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate use is associated with a significant reduction in bone density, and although a high proportion of depot medroxyprogesterone users do smoke, the reduction in bone density cannot be explained by smoking. Women who use it for a long time and those who start it before peak bone mass is attained may be at highest risk.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“One of major sources of concerns regarding prolonged use of DMPA is the decrease of BMD and the increase risk of fracture, due to estrogen deficiency accompanying its use.”
From Oral and depot progestin therapy for endometriosis: towards a personalized medicine (2017) · cites this paper as [53]
Citations
Cites
Marshall, D., Johnell, O., & Wedel, H. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7041.1254 · Cited by 3,709
Michnovicz, J. J., Hershcopf, R. J., Naganuma, H., Bradlow, H. L., & Fishman, J. (1986) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198611203152101 · Cited by 658
The Bone Density of Female Twins Discordant for Tobacco Use
Hopper, J. L., & Seeman, E. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199402103300603 · Cited by 390
Bone density in women receiving depot medroxyprogesterone acetate for contraception.
Cundy, T., Evans, M. C., Roberts, H., Wattie, D. J., Ames, R. W., & Reid, I. R. (1991) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.303.6793.13 · Cited by 249
Self-citationWilson, P. W. F., Paffenbarger, R. S., Morris, J. N., & Havlik, R. J. (1986) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(86)90022-0 · Cited by 247
Cromer, B. A., Blair, J. M., Mahan, J. D., Zibners, L., & Naumovski, Z. (1996) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(96)70148-8 · Cited by 241
Bone mass and body composition in normal women
Lindsay, R., Cosman, F., Herrington, B., & Himmelstein, S. A. (1992) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.5650070109 · Cited by 223
A simple method for assessing calcium intake in Caucasian women
Angus, R. M., Sambrook, P. N., POCOCK, N. A., & Eisman, J. A. (1989) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(21)02098-8 · Cited by 165
Vercellini, P., De Giorgi, O., Oldani, S., Cortesi, I., Panazza, S., & Crosignani, P. G. (1996) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(96)70152-7 · Cited by 161
Recovery of bone density in women who stop using medroxyprogesterone acetate
Cundy, T., Cornish, J., Evans, M. C., Roberts, H., & Reid, I. R. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6923.247 · Cited by 152
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Strategies to prevent unintended pregnancy: increasing use of long-acting reversible contraception
Blumenthal, P. D., Voedisch, A. J., & Gemzell‐Danielsson, K. (2010) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmq026 · Cited by 290
U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2010
Curtis, K. M., Tepper, N. K., & Marchbanks, P. A. (2011) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2011.2851 · Cited by 262
Advances in the management of endometriosis: an update for clinicians
Crosignani, P., Olive, D., Bergqvist, A., & Luciano, A. (2006) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmi049 · Cited by 237
Scholes, D., LaCroix, A. Z., Ichikawa, L. E., Barlow, W. E., & Ott, S. M. (2005) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.159.2.139 · Cited by 221
Depomedroxyprogesterone-induced Hypoestrogenism and Changes in Vaginal Flora and Epithelium
Miller, L., PATTON, D. L., MEIER, A., Thwin, S. S., HOOTON, T. M., & ESCHENBACH, D. A. (2000) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(00)00906-6 · Cited by 203
Metadata
- Authors
- CUNDY, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- CUNDY, T
- ORCID
- CUNDY, T
- Venue
- Obstetrics & Gynecology
- Published
- 1998-10
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 569-573
- ISSN
- 0029-7844 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1977489294
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 11.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Keywords
- depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, injectable contraceptives, bone mineral density, lumbar spine, osteoporosis risk, smoking, duration of contraceptive use, peak bone mass, women
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Contraceptive Agents, Female, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Spine, Bone Density, Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
