A prospective comparison of bone density in adolescent girls receiving depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera), levonorgestrel (Norplant), or oral contraceptives.
Abstract
Objective To examine bone density among adolescents receiving different forms of hormonal contraception along with that of control subjects.Methods Baseline and 1-year measures of lumbar vertebral bone density were obtained in girls receiving depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) (n = 15), levonorgestrel (Norplant) (n = 7), or oral contraceptives (n = 9) and in girls receiving no hormonal treatment (n = 17). In a subsample of Depo-Provera users (n = 8), Norplant users (n = 3), and control subjects (n = 4), bone density measurements were repeated after 2 years. Bone density was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.Results Body mass indexes, level of pubertal development, substance use, and reproductive histories were not significantly different among the groups. More black girls were represented in the initial Depo-Provera group (p < 0.02), girls in the Norplant group exercised more hours per week (p < 0.02), and control subjects were older (p < 0.01) than those in the other groups. These variables did not significantly affect bone density results. After 1 year, bone density decreased 1.5% in Depo-Provera users, compared with increases of 2.5% in Norplant users, 1.5% in oral contraceptive users, and 2.9% control subjects (p < 0.02). After 2 years, bone density increased a total of 9.3% in Norplant users and 9.5% in control subjects but decreased a total of 3.1% in Depo-Provera users (p < 0.0001).Conclusion These data suggest that Depo-Provera may, at least temporarily, suppress the expected skeletal bone mineralization in adolescents, whereas Norplant and oral contraceptives are associated with the expected increase in bone density in this population.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Remaining adrenal androgens play an essential role in maintenance of bone mass in postmenopausal women with Addison's disease.
“the remaining adrenal androgens play an essential role in the maintenance of bone mass in postmenopausal women with Addison's disease (319).”
From Endocrine and intracrine sources of androgens in women: inhibition of breast cancer and other roles of androgens and their precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (2003) · cites this paper as [319]
Cites
Changes in Bone Mineral Density of the Proximal Femur and Spine with Aging
Riggs, B. L., Wahner, H. W., Seeman, E., Offord, K. P., Dunn, W. L., Mazess, R. B., Johnson, K. A., & Melton, L. J. (1982) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci110667 · Cited by 816 · see citing works
Matkovic, V, Jelic, T., Wardlaw, G. M., Ilich, J. Z., Goel, P. K., Wright, J. K., Andon, M. B., Smith, K. T., & Heaney, R. P. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117034 · Cited by 806 · see citing works
Weight-Bearing Exercise Training and Lumbar Bone Mineral Content in Postmenopausal Women
Dalsky, G. P., STOCKE, K. S., EHSANI, A. A., SLATOPOLSKY, E., LEE, W. C., & BIRGE, S. J. (1988) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-108-6-824 · Cited by 740 · see citing works
Statistical Methods for the Analysis of Biomedical Data
Ziegel, E. R., & Woolson, R. F. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1268847 · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Changes in Vertebral Bone Density in Black Girls and White Girls during Childhood and Puberty
Gilsanz, V., Roe, T. F., Mora, S., Costin, G., & Goodman, W. G. (1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199112053252302 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Bone mass in healthy children: measurement with quantitative DXA.
Southard, R. N., Morris, J. D., Mahan, J. D., Hayes, J. R., Torch, M. A., Sommer, A., & Zipf, W. B. (1991) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.179.3.2027984 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Self-citationStatistical Methods for the Analysis of Biomedical Data.
Elton, R. A., & Woolson, R. F. (1988) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (Statistics in Society) · doi:10.2307/2983034 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Bone density in women receiving depot medroxyprogesterone acetate for contraception.
Cundy, T., Evans, M. C., Roberts, H., Wattie, D. J., Ames, R. W., & Reid, I. R. (1991) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.303.6793.13 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Ott, S. M. (1990) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-71-5-1082 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Recovery of bone density in women who stop using medroxyprogesterone acetate
Cundy, T., Cornish, J., Evans, M. C., Roberts, H., & Reid, I. R. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6923.247 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Krølner, B. K., & Ntelsen, S. P. (1980) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1080/00365518009091978 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Cromer, B. A., Smith, R. D., Dwyer, J., Blair, J. M., & Brown, R. T. (1994) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.94.5.687 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationOral Contraceptive Use May Protect Against Low Bone Mass
Kleerekoper, M. (1991) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1991.00400100053009 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Naessén, T., Olsson, S.-E., & Gudmundson, J. (1995) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/0010-7824(95)00121-p · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Long-term oral contraceptive use does not affect trabecular bone density
Lloyd, T., Buchanan, J. R., Ursino, G., Myers, C., Woodward, G., & Halbert, D. R. (1989) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(89)90457-2 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Estrogenic activity in women receiving an injectable progestogen for contraception
Mishell, D. R., Kharma, K. M., Thorneycroft, I. H., & Nakamura, R. M. (1972) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(72)90687-4 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Brache, V., Alvarez‐Sánchez, F., Faúndes, A., Tejada, A., & Cochón, L. (1990) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/0010-7824(90)90145-l · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Bone mineral density in postmenopausal women as determined by prior oral contraceptive use.
Kritz‐Silverstein, D. C., & Barrett-Connor, E. L. (1993) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.83.1.100 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Krølner, B., & Ntelsen, S. P. (1980) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.3109/00365518009091978 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Jeppsson, S., Johansson, E. D. B., & Sjöberg, N. (1973) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/0010-7824(73)90122-4 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Characteristics of ovarian follicular development in Norplant users
Shoupe, D., Horenstein, J. M., Mishell, D. R., Lacarra, M., & Medearis, A. L. (1991) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54245-9 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Characteristics of ovarian follicular development in Norplant users
Shoupe, D., Horenstein, J. M., Mishell, D., Lacarra, M., & Medearis, A. L. (1992) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/0020-7292(92)90412-c · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Trabecular Bone in Long‐Term Depot‐Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Users
Virutamasen, P., Wangsuphachart, S., Reinprayoon, D., Kriengsinyot, R., Leepipatpaiboon, S., & Gua, C. (1994) · Asia-Oceania Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.1994.tb00468.x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Long‐term oral contraceptive use does not affect trabecular bone density
Lloyd, T., Buchanan, J. L., Ursino, G., Myers, C., Woodward, G., & Halbert, D. R. (1989) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/0020-7292(89)90399-8 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Szarewski, A., Guillebaud, J., & Christopher, E. (1991) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.303.6800.467-c · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Kubba, A. (1991) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.303.6800.467-b · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Long-Term Injectable Use Does Not Increase Risk of Breast Cancer, But It May Lower Bone Density
Remez, L. (1992) · Family Planning Perspectives · doi:10.2307/2135729 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Long-Term Injectable Use Does Not Increase Risk Of Breast Cancer, But It May Lower Bone Density
Remez, L. (1992) · International Family Planning Perspectives · doi:10.2307/2133458 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2016
Curtis, K. M., Tepper, N. K., Jatlaoui, T. C., Berry-Bibee, E., Horton, L. G., Zapata, L. B., Simmons, K. B., Pagano, H. P., Jamieson, D. J., & Whiteman, M. K. (2016) · MMWR. Recommendations and Reports · doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr6503a1 · Cited by 1,456 · see citing works
Practice Bulletin No. 183: postpartum hemorrhage
(2017) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000002351 · Cited by 1,406 · see citing works
Labrie, F., Luu-The, V., Labrie, C., Bélanger, A., Simard, J., Lin, S.-X., & Pelletier, G. (2003) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2001-0031 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Sable, C., Foster, E., Uzark, K. C., Bjornsen, K. D., Canobbio, M. M., Connolly, H. M., Graham, T. P., Gurvitz, M. Z., Kovacs, A. H., Meadows, A. K., et al. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3182107c56 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Ott, M. A., Sucato, G. S., COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE, Braverman, P. K., Adelman, W. P., Alderman, E. M., Breuner, C. C., Levine, D. A., Marcell, A. V., & O’Brien, R. F. (2014) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2014-2300 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Braverman, P. K., Adelman, W. P., Alderman, E. M., FSHAM, Breuner, C. C., Levine, D. A., Marcell, A. V., & O’Brien, R. F. (2014) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2014-2299 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2024
Nguyen, A. T., Curtis, K. M., Tepper, N. K., Kortsmit, K., Brittain, A. W., Snyder, E. M., Cohen, M. A., Zapata, L. B., Whiteman, M. K., Contributors, et al. (2024) · MMWR Recommendations and Reports · doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7304a1 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Scholes, D., LaCroix, A. Z., Ichikawa, L. E., Barlow, W. E., & Ott, S. M. (2005) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.159.2.139 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Injectable Hormone Contraception and Bone Density: Results from a Prospective Study
Scholes, D., LaCroix, A. Z., Ichikawa, L. E., Barlow, W. E., & Ott, S. M. (2002) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-200209000-00015 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Cromer, B. A., Stager, M., Bonny, A. E., Lazebnik, R., Rome, E. S., Ziegler, J., & Debanne, S. M. (2004) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.07.005 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Self-citationProgestogen-only contraception and bone mineral density: a systematic review
Curtis, K. M., & Martins, S. L. (2006) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2005.12.010 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Towards adulthood: exploring the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents in South Asia.
Bott, S., Jejeebhoy, S. J., Shah, I., & Puri, C. (2003) · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Liu, S. L., & Lebrun, C. M. (2006) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.2005.020065 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
A Prospective, Controlled Study of the Effects of Hormonal Contraception on Bone Mineral Density
Berenson, A. B., Radecki, C. M., Grady, J. J., Rickert, V. I., & Thomas, A. R. (2001) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(01)01495-8 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Bone density recovery after depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injectable contraception use
Kaunitz, A. M., Arias, R., & McClung, M. R. (2008) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2007.10.005 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Westhoff, C. L. (2003) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(03)00136-7 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Greydanus, D. E., & Patel, D. R. (2002) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(02)00005-6 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Cromer, B. A., Scholes, D., Berenson, A. B., Cundy, T., Clark, M. K., & Kaunitz, A. M. (2006) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.03.011 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationLaufer, M. R., Sanfilippo, J., & Rose, G. (2003) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s1083-3188(03)00066-4 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Bone mineral density in women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate for contraception
Scholes, D. (1999) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(98)00447-5 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Petitti, D. B. (2000) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(00)00782-1 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Beerthuizen, R., van Beek, A., Massai, R., Mäkäräinen, L., Hout, J. I., & Bennink, H. C. (2000) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/15.1.118 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Bone mineral density changes over two years in first-time users of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate
Clark, M. K., Sowers, M. R., Nichols, S., & Levy, B. (2004) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.04.064 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Effects of Hormonal Contraception on Bone Mineral Density After 24 Months of Use
Berenson, A. B., Breitkopf, C. R., Grady, J. J., Rickert, V. I., & Thomas, A. R. (2004) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000117082.49490.d5 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Spinal bone density in women using depot medroxyprogesterone contraception*1
CUNDY, T. (1998) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(98)00270-1 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Bone mineral density in adolescent females using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate
Lara-Torre, E., Edwards, C. P., Perlman, S., & Hertweck, S. P. (2004) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2003.11.017 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Cromer, B. A., Bonny, A. E., Stager, M., Lazebnik, R., Rome, E. S., Ziegler, J., Camlin-Shingler, K., & Secic, M. (2008) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.10.070 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationBone health in estrogen-free contraception
Hadji, P., Colli, E., & Regidor, P. (2019) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-019-05103-6 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
MENSTRUAL CYCLE, CONTRACEPTION, AND PERFORMANCE
Frankovich, R. J., & Lebrun, C. M. (2000) · Clinics in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70202-7 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Hormonal contraception and bone metabolism: a systematic review
Nappi, C., Bifulco, G., Tommaselli, G. A., Gargano, V., & Carlo, C. D. (2012) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2012.04.009 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Blythe, M. J., & Díaz, Á. (2007) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2535 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Harel, Z., Johnson, C. C., Gold, M. A., Cromer, B., Peterson, E., Burkman, R., Stager, M., Brown, R., Bruner, A., Coupey, S., et al. (2010) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2009.11.003 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationAdolescent Endometriosis: An Update
Shim, J. Y., & Laufer, M. R. (2019) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2019.11.011 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Orr‐Walker, B., Evans, M. C., Ames, R. W., Clearwater, J. M., Cundy, T., & Reid, I. R. (1998) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1998.00582.x · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Use of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Fracture Risk
Meier, C., Brauchli, Y. B., Jick, S. S., Kraenzlin, M. E., & Meier, C. R. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-0032 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Altered Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
Bertelloni, S., Baroncelli, G. I., Federico, G., Cappa, M., Lala, R., & Saggese, G. (1998) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000023296 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Risks and Benefits, Advantages and Disadvantages of Levonorgestrel-Releasing Contraceptive Implants
Sivin, I. (2003) · Drug Safety · doi:10.2165/00002018-200326050-00002 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Barad, D. H., Kooperberg, C. L., Wactawski‐Wende, J., LIU, J. H., Hendrix, S. L., & Watts, N. B. (2005) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.01.132 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Factors Related to Variation in Premenopausal Bone Mineral Status: A Health Promotion Approach
Tudor-Locke, C. E., & McColl, R. S. (2000) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s001980050001 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Cromer, B. A., Lazebnik, R., Rome, E. S., Stager, M., Bonny, A. E., Ziegler, J., & Debanne, S. M. (2005) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2004.07.041 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationNorplant® Consensus Statement and Background Review
Fraser, I. S., Tiitinen, A. E., Affandi, B., Brache, V., Croxatto, H. B., Dı́az, S., Ginsburg, J., Sujuan, G., Holma, P., Johansson, E. D. B., et al. (1998) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(97)00200-x · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Cundy, T., Ames, R. W., Horne, A. M., Clearwater, J. M., Roberts, H., Gamble, G. D., & Reid, I. R. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-020874 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Combined hormonal contraception and bone health: a systematic review
Martins, S. L., Curtis, K. M., & Glasier, A. F. (2006) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2006.01.003 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Use of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Contraception and Incidence of Bone Fracture
Lanza, L. L., McQuay, L. J., Rothman, K. J., Bone, H. G., Kaunitz, A. M., Harel, Z., Ataher, Q., Ross, D., Arena, P. L., & Wolter, K. D. (2013) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e318283d1a1 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Clark, M. K., Sowers, M. R., Levy, B. T., & Tenhundfeld, P. (2001) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(01)01748-4 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Changes in Bone Resorption During the Menstrual Cycle
Chiu, K. M., Ju, J., Mayes, D. M., Bacchetti, P., Weitz, S., & Arnaud, C. D. (1999) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.4.609 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Kaunitz, A. M. (2000) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8545(05)70171-6 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Adolescents: At Increased Risk for Osteoporosis?
Cromer, B. A., & Harel, Z. (2000) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/000992280003901001 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationGoshtasebi, A., Brajic, T. S., Scholes, D., Goldberg, T. B. L., Berenson, A. B., & Prior, J. C. (2019) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.13932 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Update on hormonal contraception and bone density
Isley, M. M., & Kaunitz, A. M. (2011) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-011-9180-6 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
BUSEN, N., BRITT, R., & RIANON, N. (2003) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(02)00567-0 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Bahamondes, L., Monteiro-Dantas, C., Espejo-Arce, X., dos Santos Fernandes, A. M., Lui-Filho, J. F., Perrotti, M., & Petta, C. A. (2006) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dei358 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Long-term depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) use in inner-city adolescents
Polaneczky, M. M., & LiBlanc, M. (1998) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(98)00014-7 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Wanichsetakul, P., Kamudhamas, A., Wattanaruangkowit, P., Siripakarn, Y., & Visutakul, P. (2002) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(02)00308-6 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Walsh, J., Eastell, R., & Peel, N. F. A. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2201 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Menopausal bone loss in long-term users of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate contraception
Cundy, T., Cornish, J., Roberts, H., & Reid, I. R. (2002) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1067/mob.2002.122420 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Sivin, I., Nash, H. A., & Waldman, S. (2002) · Population Council eBooks · doi:10.31899/cbr1.1000 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
The effects of hormonal contraceptives on bone turnover markers and bone health
Herrmann, M., & Seibel, M. J. (2009) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03688.x · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Contraception in the Adolescent: An Update
Greydanus, D. E., Patel, D. R., & Rimsza, M. E. (2001) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.107.3.562 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Overview of the relationship between use of progestogen-only contraceptives and bone mineral density
Banks, E., de González, A. B., & Casabonne, D. (2001) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2001.00296.x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Levonorgestrel Subdermal Implants
Coukell, A. J., & Balfour, J. A. B. (1998) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-199855060-00019 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Vestergaard, P., Rejnmark, L., & Mosekilde, L. (2008) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2008.07.014 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Amenorrhea and bone health in adolescents and young women
Gordon, C. M., & Nelson, L. M. (2003) · Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/00001703-200310000-00005 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Bones and Birth Control in Adolescent Girls
Golden, N. H. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2020.01.003 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Endrikat, J., Mih, E., Düsterberg, B., Land, K., Gerlinger, C., Schmidt, W., & Felsenberg, D. (2004) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2003.10.002 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
DYSMENORRHEA AND PELVIC PAIN IN ADOLESCENTS
Schroeder, B. A., & Sanfilippo, J. S. (1999) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70137-1 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The impact of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate on fracture risk: a case-control study from the UK
Kyvernitakis, I., Kostev, K., Nassour, T., Thomasius, F. E., & Hadji, P. (2016) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-016-3714-4 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Gynecological health of females with congenital heart disease
Canobbio, M. M., Perloff, J. K., & Rapkin, A. J. (2005) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.11.021 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Scholes, D., LaCroix, A. Z., Ichikawa, L., Barlow, W. E., & Ott, S. M. (2004) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2003.10.005 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Bahamondes, L. G., Espejo‐Arce, X., Hidalgo, M. M., Hidalgo-Regina, C., Juliato, C. R. T., & Petta, C. A. (2005) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dei457 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Callahan, L. R. (2000) · Clinics in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70205-2 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Blumenthal, P. D., & Edelman, A. B. (2008) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e31818425b7 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Ishida, Y., Ishida, Y., & Heersche, J. N. M. (2002) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s001980200080 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Paoletti, A. M., Orrù, M., Floris, S., Mannias, M., Vacca, A. M. B., AJOSSA, S., Guerriero, S., & Melis, G. B. (2000) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(00)00104-9 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Taneepanichskul, S., Intaraprasert, S., Theppisai, U., & Chaturachinda, K. (1997) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(97)00116-9 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Warholm, L., Petersen, K. R., & Ravn, P. (2012) · The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care · doi:10.3109/13625187.2012.692411 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Beksinska, M. E., Kleinschmidt, I., Smit, J. A., & Farley, T. M. M. (2009) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2008.11.009 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Pediatric DXA: technique, interpretation and clinical applications
Binkovitz, L. A., Henwood, M. J., & Sparke, P. (2008) · Pediatric Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00247-008-0808-y · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Monteiro-Dantas, C., Espejo‐Arce, X., Lui-Filho, J. F., Fernandes, A. M. D. S., MONTEIRO, I. M. U., & Bahamondes, L. G. (2007) · Reproductive Health · doi:10.1186/1742-4755-4-11 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Oral Contraceptives and Bone Mineral Density in White and Black Women in CARDIA
Cobb, K. L., Kelsey, J. L., Sidney, S. S., Ettinger, B. B., & Lewis, C. E. (2002) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s001980200123 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Low-dose Oral Contraceptives in Adolescents: How Low Can You Go?
Agostino, H., & Meglio, G. D. (2010) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2009.11.001 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Update on adolescent contraception
Hewitt, G. D., & Cromer, B. A. (2000) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8545(00)80011-x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationHormonal contraception: recent advances and controversies
(2008) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.093 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Injectable Long-Acting Contraceptives
Kaunitz, A. M. (2001) · Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/00003081-200103000-00011 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Bone status after cessation of use of injectable progestin contraceptives
Rosenberg, L. A., Zhang, Y., Constant, D., Cooper, D. D., Kalla, A. A., Micklesfield, L. K., & Hoffman, M. N. (2007) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2007.08.010 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Paoletti, A. M., Orrù, M., Lello, S., Floris, S., Ranuzzi, F., Etzi, R., Zedda, P., Guerriero, S., Fratta, S., Sorge, R. P., et al. (2004) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2004.04.004 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Canadian Contraception Consensus
(2004) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/s1701-2163(16)30260-2 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Holschen, J. C. (2004) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/01.smj.0000140124.83000.40 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Hartard, M., Kleinmond, C., Luppa, P. B., Zelger, O., Egger, K., Wiseman, M. A., Weissenbacher, E. R., Felsenberg, D., & Erben, R. G. (2006) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2006.06.005 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Pongsatha, S., Ekmahachai, M., Suntornlimsiri, N., Morakote, N., & Chaovisitsaree, S. (2010) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.01.018 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Effects of Oral Contraceptives on Bone Mineral Density
Gambacciani, M., Monteleone, P., Ciaponi, M., Sacco, A., & Genazzani, A. R. (2004) · Treatments in Endocrinology · doi:10.2165/00024677-200403030-00006 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Diaz, S., Reyes, M. V., Zepeda, A., González, G., V, López, J. M., Campino, C., & Croxatto, H. B. (1999) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/14.10.2499 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Dreyfus, D., Lauer, E., & Wilkinson, J. E. (2014) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2014.01.130114 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Ziglar, S., & Hunter, T. S. (2012) · Journal of Pharmacy Practice · doi:10.1177/0897190012442066 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Effects of Hormonal Contraceptives on Bone Mineral Density
Cromer, B. A. (1999) · Drug Safety · doi:10.2165/00002018-199920030-00002 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationControversial issues in climacteric medicine IV - Postmenopausal osteoporosis: therapeutic options
Genazzani, A. R., Gambacciani, M., Schneider, H. P. G., & Christiansen, C. (2005) · Climacteric · doi:10.1080/13697130500118027 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The epidemiology of osteoporosis
Goddard, D. H., & Kleerekoper, M. (1998) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.3810/pgm.1998.10.441 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Relationship between Weight and Bone Mineral Density in Adolescents on Hormonal Contraception
Bonny, A. E., Secic, M., & Cromer, B. A. (2010) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2010.06.007 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of combined and progestogen-only contraceptives on bone mineral density
Sarfati, J., & de Vernejoul, M. C. (2009) · Joint Bone Spine · doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2008.09.014 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Pediatric DXA: clinical applications
Binkovitz, L. A., Sparke, P., & Henwood, M. J. (2007) · Pediatric Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00247-007-0450-0 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cromer, B. A., Blair, J. M., Mahan, J. D., Zibners, L., & Naumovski, Z.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Nationwide Children's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Pediatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-11
- Volume
- 129
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 671-676
- ISSN
- 0022-3476 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1995449031
- Cited by
- 241
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 12.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- bone mineral density, hormonal contraception, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, levonorgestrel, oral contraceptives, adolescent girls, lumbar spine, bone mineralization, pubertal development, body mass index
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Contraceptive Agents, Female, Contraceptives, Oral, Female, Humans, Prospective Studies, Bone Density, Case-Control Studies, Levonorgestrel, Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
