The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Depression and anxiety in early pregnancy and risk for preeclampsia
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether depression and anxiety in early pregnancy are associated with preeclampsia in an unselected nulliparous population. METHODS: In this prospective population-based study during pregnancy at outpatient maternity clinics in the Helsinki metropolitan area, depression was assessed by a Finnish modification of the short form of the Beck Depression Inventory and anxiety by one established question. Preeclampsia was defined as elevated blood pressure (BP) (more than 140/100 mmHg) and proteinuria (0.3 g during 24 hours or more). Age, smoking, alcohol consumption, marital status, socioeconomic status, and bacterial vaginosis were analyzed as potentially confounding factors in a multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Six hundred twenty-three consecutive nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies were studied at ten to 17 (median 12) weeks' gestation and at delivery. Of them, 28 (4.5%) women developed preeclampsia. Depression (mean Beck score 4.5, range 3-17) was observed in 185 (30%), women and anxiety was observed in 99 (16%) in early pregnancy. In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for potentially confounding factors, depression was associated with increased risk (odds ratio [OR] 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1, 5.4) for preeclampsia, as was anxiety (OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.4, 7.4). Either depression or anxiety, or both, were associated with increased risk (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.4, 6.9) for preeclampsia. Bacterial vaginosis together with depression was associated with increased risk (OR 5.3; 95% CI 1.8, 15.0) for preeclampsia. CONCLUSION: Depression and anxiety in early pregnancy are associated with risk for subsequent preeclampsia, a risk further increased by bacterial vaginosis.
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In the citing paper
“considerable research has been conducted with healthy pregnant women, and findings all point to the serious consequences of depression during the perinatal period, including adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes.14, 15”
From Prenatal Depression in Women Hospitalized for Obstetric Risk (2008) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“Prenatal psychological distress is widely associated with pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia [10], spontaneous abortion [11], preterm delivery [12], lower birth weight [13], and”
From Brain structural and functional outcomes in the offspring of women experiencing psychological distress during pregnancy (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
Citations
Cites
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032
Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Carbin, M. G. (1988) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(88)90050-5 · Cited by 11,696
Screening Depressed Patients in Family Practice
Beck, A. T., & Beck, R. W. (1972) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.1080/00325481.1972.11713319 · Cited by 1,836
Association between Bacterial Vaginosis and Preterm Delivery of a Low-Birth-Weight Infant
Hillier, S. L., Nugent, R. P., Eschenbach, D. A., Krohn, M. A., Gibbs, R. S., Martin, D. H., Cotch, M. F., Edelman, R., Pastorek, J. G., Rao, A. V., et al. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199512283332604 · Cited by 1,492
Pre-eclampsia: more than pregnancy-induced hypertension
Roberts, J. M., & Redman, C. W. G. (1993) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)90889-o · Cited by 1,239
Sacks, G. P., Studená, K., Sargent, I. L., & Redman, C. W. G. (1998) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(98)70254-6 · Cited by 823
Short Form of Depression Inventory: Cross-Validation
Beck, A. T., Rial, W. Y., & Rickels, K. (1974) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/003329417403403s01 · Cited by 807
Preeclampsia — A State of Sympathetic Overactivity
Schobel, H. P., Fischer, T., Heusser, K., Geiger, H., & Schmieder, R. E. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199611143352002 · Cited by 556
Teixeira, J. M. A., Fisk, N. M., & Glover, V. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7177.153 · Cited by 526
Psychosocial factors and pregnancy outcome: A review with emphasis on methodological issues
Paarlberg, K. M., Vingerhoets, A. J. J. M., Passchier, J., Dekker, G. A., & Van Geijn, H. P. (1995) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(95)00018-6 · Cited by 356
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Grote, N. K., Bridge, J. A., Gavin, A. R., Melville, J. L., Iyengar, S., & Katon, W. J. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.111 · Cited by 1,882
Prevalence of Depression During Pregnancy: Systematic Review
Bennett, H. A., Einarson, A., Taddio, A., Koren, G., & Einarson, T. R. (2004) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000116689.75396.5f · Cited by 1,725
Gaynes, B. N., Gavin, N., Meltzer-Brody, S., Lohr, K. N., Swinson, T., Gartlehner, G., Brody, S., & Miller, W. C. (2005) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e439372005-001 · Cited by 1,211
Gelaye, B., Rondon, M. B., Araya, R., & Williams, M. A. (2016) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30284-x · Cited by 1,155
Psychiatric Disorders in Pregnant and Postpartum Women in the United States
Vesga-López, O., Blanco, C., Keyes, K., Olfson, M., Grant, B. F., & Hasin, D. S. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.7.805 · Cited by 1,065
Metadata
- Authors
- Kurki, T.
- Affiliations
- Social Insurance Institution (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Kurki, T
- Venue
- Obstetrics & Gynecology
- Published
- 2000-04
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 487-490
- ISSN
- 0029-7844 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2019143627
- Cited by
- 690
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 11.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Neurological Complications and Syndromes
- Keywords
- preeclampsia, depression, anxiety, early pregnancy, nulliparous women, bacterial vaginosis, risk factors, maternal mental health, proteinuria, blood pressure
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Depression, Female, Humans, Pre-Eclampsia, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Trimester, First, Pregnancy Trimester, Second, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors
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