The DOI matches its Crossref record; 698 of the 698 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Opioids, Reward and Addiction: An Encounter of Biology, Psychology, and Medicine
Abstract
If the entire materia medica at our disposal were limited to the choice and use of only one drug, I am sure that a great many, if not the majority, of us would choose opium ([Macht, 1915][1]). ### A. Early History Opium is the dried milky juice of the unripe seed capsule of the poppy, the Papaver
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. (2013) · Encyclopedia of Social Work · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,519
A synaptic model of memory: long-term potentiation in the hippocampus
Bliss, T. V. P., & Collingridge, G. L. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/361031a0 · Cited by 11,566
A neural substrate of prediction and reward
Schultz, W., Dayan, P., & Montague, P. R. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5306.1593 · Cited by 9,388
The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction
Robinson, T. (1993) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(93)90013-p · Cited by 7,346
Ferster, C. B., & Skinner, B. F. (1957) · doi:10.1037/10627-000 · Cited by 4,894
Skinner, B. F., & Hull, C. L. (1944) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1416955 · Cited by 4,051
Identification of two related pentapeptides from the brain with potent opiate agonist activity
Hughes, J., Smith, T. W., Kosterlitz, H. W., Fothergill, L. A., Morgan, B. A., & Morris, H. R. (1975) · Nature · doi:10.1038/258577a0 · Cited by 3,806
Morris, R. G. M., Anderson, E., Lynch, G. S., & Baudry, M. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/319774a0 · Cited by 3,640
Skinner, B. F. (1938) · Cited by 3,571
Olds, J., & Milner, P. (1954) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0058775 · Cited by 3,176
Cited by
Addiction motivation reformulated: an affective processing model of negative reinforcement
Baker, T. B., Piper, M. E., McCarthy, D. E., Majeskie, M. R., & Fiore, M. C. (2004) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.111.1.33 · Cited by 2,162
Reward Processing by the Opioid System in the Brain
Le Merrer, J., Becker, J. A. J., Befort, K., & Kieffer, B. L. (2009) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00005.2009 · Cited by 1,013
Neurobiology of relapse to heroin and cocaine seeking: a review
Shalev, U., Grimm, J. W., & Shaham, Y. (2002) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.54.1.1 · Cited by 880
Exploring the opioid system by gene knockout
Kieffer, B. L., & Gavériaux-Ruff, C. (2002) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(02)00008-4 · Cited by 620
Opioid modulation of taste hedonics within the ventral striatum
Kelley, A. E., Bakshi, V. P., Haber, S. N., Steininger, T. L., Will, M. J., & Zhang, M. (2002) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00751-5 · Cited by 526
Metadata
- Authors
- van Ree, J. M., Gerrits, M. A. F. M., & Vanderschuren, L. J. M. J.
- Venue
- Pharmacological Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-06
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 341-396
- ISSN
- 0031-6997 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1784973898
- Cited by
- 303
- References
- 698
- FWCI
- 4.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Opioids, Reward and Addiction: An Encounter of Biology, Psychology, and Medicine. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0031-6997(24)01405-4
- The paper
- van Ree, J. M., Gerrits, M. A. F. M., & Vanderschuren, L. J. M. J. (1999). Opioids, Reward and Addiction: An Encounter of Biology, Psychology, and Medicine. Pharmacological Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-6997(24)01405-4
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
