The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Clinical Pharmacology of the Dietary Supplement Creatine Monohydrate
Abstract
Creatine is a dietary supplement purported to improve exercise performance and increase fat-free mass. Recent research on creatine has demonstrated positive therapeutic results in various clinical applications. The purpose of this review is to focus on the clinical pharmacology and therapeutic application of creatine supplementation. Creatine is a naturally occurring compound obtained in humans from endogenous production and consumption through the diet. When supplemented with exogenous creatine, intramuscular and cerebral stores of creatine and its phosphorylated form, phosphocreatine, become elevated. The increase of these stores can offer therapeutic benefits by preventing ATP depletion, stimulating protein synthesis or reducing protein degradation, and stabilizing biological membranes. Evidence from the exercise literature has shown athletes benefit from supplementation by increasing muscular force and power, reducing fatigue in repeated bout activities, and increasing muscle mass. These benefits have been applied to disease models of Huntington's, Parkinson's, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and applied clinically in patients with gyrate atrophy, various neuromuscular disorders, McArdle's disease, and congestive heart failure. This review covers the basics of creatine synthesis and transport, proposed mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics of exogenous creatine administration, creatine use in disease models, side effects associated with use, and issues on product quality.
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Citations
Cites
Creatine and Creatinine Metabolism
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“However, there does appear to be an upper limit of intramuscular tCr content at ;160 mmol kg(21) of DM (Harris et al., 1992; Casey et al., 1996).”
InfluentialNeuroprotective Effects of Creatine in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease
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Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to muscle performance during resistance training
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“, 1998) with increases coming from fat-free mass (Vandenberghe et al., 1997; Kreider et al., 1998; Volek et al., 1999; Becque et al., 2000; Mihic et al., 2000).”
InfluentialEffects of creatine supplementation on body composition, strength, and sprint performance
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“Previous reviews have focused primarily on the improvements in exercise performance seen in human subjects ingesting Cr (Balsom et al., 1994; Mujika and Padilla, 1997; Volek and Kraemer, 1997; Juhn and Tarnopolsky, 1998a; Demant and Rhodes, 1999; Graham and Hatton, 1999; Jacobs, 1999; Kraemer and Volek, 1999; Benzi, 2…”
The creatine kinase system in normal and diseased human myocardium
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Cited by
The NINDS NET-PD Investigators (2006) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000201252.57661.e1 · Cited by 453
Creatine supplementation with specific view to exercise/sports performance: An update
Cooper, R., Naclerio, F., Allgrove, J., & Jimenez, A. (2012) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/1550-2783-9-33 · Cited by 306
Sestili, P., Martinelli, C., Bravi, G., Piccoli, G., Curci, R., Battistelli, M., Falcieri, E., Agostini, D., Gioacchini, A. M., & Stocchi, V. (2006) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.10.035 · Cited by 220
Effects of creatine on mental fatigue and cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation
Watanabe, A., Kato, N., & Kato, T. (2002) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/s0168-0102(02)00007-x · Cited by 196
Helms, E. R., Aragon, A. A., & Fitschen, P. J. (2014) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/1550-2783-11-20 · Cited by 178
Metadata
- Authors
- Persky, A. M., & Brazeau, G. A.
- Venue
- Pharmacological Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-06
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 161-176
- ISSN
- 0031-6997 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2154589167
- Cited by
- 332
- References
- 27
- FWCI
- 5.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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