Chapter 4 Pathogenesis of Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Abstract
Myocarditis is a disease with a variable clinical presentation, ranging from asymptomatic to a fatal outcome. Among the recognized causes of myocarditis are mutations in multiple genes; infection by bacterial, rickettsial, mycotic, protozoan, and viral agents; and exposure to drugs, toxins, and alcohol. Some subtypes of myocarditis, such as giant cell myocarditis or eosinophilic necrotizing myocarditis, are suspected to be caused by an autoimmune inflammation. Several lines of evidence support the involvement of autoimmunity in myocarditis. These include the production of antibodies against relevant self-antigens, the fact that myocarditis symptoms can be relieved by immunosuppressive therapy in some patients, and a co-occurrence of myocarditis with other autoimmune diseases. Most of the evidence that myocarditis is an autoimmune disease comes from animal models. In this chapter, we discuss coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis and myosin-induced myocarditis as models of both viral and autoimmune inflammation in the heart. The latest advances in the study of autoimmunity have been concentrated on T helper cells, particularly the newly discovered subset, Th17 cells. Experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM), a mouse model of myocarditis induced by cardiac myosin, is partly an IL-17-driven disease. However, we have shown recently in IL-13 knockout mice that the disease can be driven through other pathways, and that the Th1 helper cells also lead to severe heart inflammation. Mo…
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The monocyte and macrophage lineage constitute the most abundant immune cell population in the hearts of healthy adults and under myocarditis conditions.
“The monocyte and macrophage lineage constitute the most abundant immune cell population in the hearts of healthy adults and under myocarditis conditions”
From Autoimmune Myocarditis, Old Dogs and New Tricks. (2024) · cites this paper as [93]
Giant cell myocarditis is a rare but rapidly progressing condition associated with a high risk of death or the necessity for heart transplantation.
“Giant cell myocarditis is a rare but rapidly progressing condition associated with a high risk of death or the necessity for heart transplantation.”
From Autoimmune Myocarditis, Old Dogs and New Tricks. (2024) · cites this paper as [93]
In DBA/2 mice, passive transfer of anticardiac myosin antibodies induced myocarditis, but not in A/J or BALB/c mice, suggesting these antibodies may play a pathogenic role only under specific conditions.
“In DBA/2 mice, the passive transfer of anticardiac myosin antibodies induced myocarditis development, but not in A/J or BALB/c mice, suggesting that these antibodies may play a pathogenic role only under specific conditions”
From Autoimmune Myocarditis, Old Dogs and New Tricks. (2024) · cites this paper as [93]
In preclinical animal models for myocarditis, monocytes and macrophages were predominant populations in heart infiltrates.
“in preclinical animal models for myocarditis, monocytes and macrophages were predominant populations in the heart infiltrates”
From Autoimmune Myocarditis, Old Dogs and New Tricks. (2024) · cites this paper as [93]
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From Infection to Autoimmunity
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Cihakova, D., & Rose, N. R.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Venue
- Advances in Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- 99
- Pages
- 95-114
- ISSN
- 0065-2776 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1522688657
- Cited by
- 223
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 61.02
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advances in immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL077611, R01HL067290)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome
- Keywords
- myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, experimental autoimmune myocarditis, coxsackievirus B3, autoimmunity, Th17 cells, IL-17, IL-13, Th1 cells, macrophages, giant cell myocarditis, T helper cells
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autoantibodies, Autoimmune Diseases, Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, Coxsackievirus Infections, Disease Models, Animal, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer, Humans, Macrophages, Monocytes, Myocarditis, Cytokines, Cardiac Myosins, Enterovirus B, Human
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