β‐Rolls, β‐Helices, and Other β‐Solenoid Proteins
Abstract
Beta-rolls and beta-helices belong to a larger group of topologically similar proteins with solenoid folds: because their regular secondary structure elements are exclusively beta-strands, they are referred to as beta-solenoids. The number of beta-solenoids whose structures are known is now large enough to support a systematic analysis. Here we survey the distinguishing structural features of beta-solenoids, also documenting their notable diversity. Appraisal of these structures suggests a classification based on handedness, twist, oligomerization state, and coil shape. In addition, beta-solenoids are distinguished by the number of chains that wind around a common axis: the majority are single-stranded but there is a recently discovered subset of triple-stranded beta-solenoids. This survey has revealed some relationships of the amino acid sequences of beta-solenoids with their structures and functions-in particular, the repetitive character of the coil sequences and conformations that recur in tracts of tandem repeats. We have proposed the term beta-arc for the distinctive turns found in beta-solenoids and beta-arch for the corresponding strand-turn-strand motifs. The evolutionary mechanisms underlying these proteins are also discussed. This analysis has direct implications for sequence-based detection, structural prediction, and de novo design of other beta-solenoid proteins. The abundance of virulence factors, toxins and allergens among beta-solenoids, as well as commonalities of beta-solenoids with amyloid fibrils, imply that this class of folds may have a broader role in human diseases than was previously recognized. Thus, identification of genes with putative beta-solenoid domains promises to be a fertile direction in the search for viable targets in the development of new antibiotics and vaccines.
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Tandem repeat proteins with repetitive units of 6-10 residues predominantly have beta-solenoid structures.
“Tandem repeat proteins with repetitive units of 6–10 residues predominantly have beta-solenoid structures25.”
From A structural biology community assessment of AlphaFold2 applications (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
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Beaman, T. W., Vogel, K. W., Drueckhammer, D. G., et al. (2002) · Protein Science · doi:10.1110/ps.4310102 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Effect of mutations in the T1.5 loop of pectate lyase A fromErwinia chrysanthemiEC16
Dehdashti, S., Doan, C. N., Chao, K. L., et al. (2003) · Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography · doi:10.1107/s0907444903011491 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
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Cryo-EM structures of tau filaments from Alzheimer’s disease
Fitzpatrick, A. W. P., Falcon, B., He, S., Murzin, A. G., Murshudov, G., Garringer, H. J., Crowther, R. A., Ghetti, B., Goedert, M., & Scheres, S. H. W. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature23002 · Cited by 2,061 · see citing works
A structural biology community assessment of AlphaFold2 applications
Akdel, M., Pires, D. E. V., Pardo, E. P., Jänes, J., Zalevsky, A. O., Mészáros, B., Bryant, P., Good, L. L., Laskowski, R. A., Pozzati, G., et al. (2022) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/s41594-022-00849-w · Cited by 675 · see citing works
Self-citationStructure of the secretion domain of HxuA from <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>
Baelen, S., Dewitte, F., Clantin, B., & Villeret, V. (2013) · Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications · doi:10.1107/s174430911302962x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Ca2+-stabilized adhesin helps an Antarctic bacterium reach out and bind ice.
Vance, T. D. R., Olijve, L. L. C., Campbell, R. L., Voets, I. K., Davies, P. L., & Guo, S. (2014) · Bioscience Reports · doi:10.1042/bsr20140083 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Louros, N., Ramakers, M., Michiels, E., Konstantoulea, K., Morelli, C., Garcia, T., Moonen, N., D’Haeyer, S., Goossens, V., Thal, D. R., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28955-9 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Fan, Y., Guo, Y. R., Yuan, W., Zhou, Y., Holt, M. V., Wang, T., Demeler, B., Young, N. L., Zhong, W., & Tao, Y. J. (2017) · PLOS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006231 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kajava, A. V., & Steven, A. C.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Advances in Protein Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 73
- Pages
- 55-96
- ISSN
- 0065-3233 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W133512539
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 10.02
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advances in protein chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Enzyme Structure and Function
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Biochemical and Structural Characterization
- Keywords
- beta-helix, protein fold classification, oligomeric state, tandem repeats, protein evolution, virulence factors, toxins, allergens, amyloid fibrils, de novo protein design, antibiotic targets, vaccine targets
- MeSH terms
- Models, Molecular, Proteins, Protein Structure, Secondary, Protein Folding
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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