The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Enhancement of Morphine Antinociception in Mice by Î9-Tetrahydrocannabinol
Abstract
We have previously reported that intracerebroventricular or intrathecal administration of inactive doses of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) greatly enhance the antinociceptive potency of morphine in the mouse tail-flick test. Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that morphine's potency would be enhanced in mice receiving THC and morphine by conventional per os (p.o.) and subcutaneously (s.c.) routes of administration. Antinociception was measured in the tail-flick test of radiant heat after administration of different combinations of THC and morphine p.o. and s.c. Subcutaneous administration of THC (4 and 25 mg/kg) increased the potency of s.c. morphine 8.5- and 22.3-fold, respectively, while s.c. THC (25 mg/kg) increased the potency of p.o. morphine 3.1-fold. Per os administration of THC (10 and 20 mg/kg) increased the potency of s.c. and p.o. morphine 11.4-fold and 7.6-fold, respectively. Thus, morphine's potency was significantly increased regardless of the enteral and parenteral routes of THC and morphine administration. The synthetic receptor selective cannabinoid CP-55, 940 (0.1 mg/kg, s.c.) also enhanced morphine's potency. Finally, the ability of the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A to antagonize the enhancement of morphine by THC indicates that THC was acting through a cannabinoid receptor mechanism.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Potency ratio: 7.6”
From Opioid-Sparing Effect of Cannabinoids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Smith 1998
In the citing paper
“Potency ratio: 8.5”
From Opioid-Sparing Effect of Cannabinoids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Smith 1998
Citations
Cites
Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids
Munro, S., Thomas, K. L., & Abu-Shaar, M. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/365061a0 · Cited by 5,092
Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA
Matsuda, L. A., Lolait, S. J., Brownstein, M. J., Young, A. C., & Bonner, T. I. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/346561a0 · Cited by 5,011
A METHOD FOR DETERMINING LOSS OF PAIN SENSATION
D'AMOUR, F. E., & Smith, D. L. (1941) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)03823-6 · Cited by 3,238
Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain
Devane, W. A., Dysarz, F. A., Johnson, M. R., Melvin, L. S., & Howlett, A. C. (1988) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0026-895x(25)09876-1 · Cited by 2,443
Manual of pharmacologic calculations with computer programs
(1988) · International Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0020-711x(88)90084-5 · Cited by 1,458
Dronabinol as a treatment for anorexia associated with weight loss in patients with AIDS
Beal, J. E., Olson, R., Laubenstein, L., Morales, J. O., Bellman, P., Yangco, B., Lefkowitz, L., Plasse, T. F., & Shepard, K. V. (1995) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/0885-3924(94)00117-4 · Cited by 504
Compton, D. M., Rice, K. C., Costa, B., Razdan, R. K., Melvin, L. S., Johnson, M. R., & Martin, B. R. (1993) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)38122-x · Cited by 459
The pharmacological activity of anandamide, a putative endogenous cannabinoid, in mice.
Smith, P. B., Compton, D. M., Welch, S. P., Razdan, R. K., Mechoulam, R., & Martin, B. R. (1994) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)22356-4 · Cited by 394
Compton, D. M., Aceto, M. D. G., Lowe, J. A., III, & Martin, B. R. (1996) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)12911-x · Cited by 357
Narcotic antagonists in the benzomorphan series
Harris, L. S. (1964) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00246889 · Cited by 319
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The effects of cannabinoids on the brain
Ameri, A. (1999) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(98)00087-2 · Cited by 825
Cannabinoid receptors and pain
Pertwee, R. G. (2001) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00031-9 · Cited by 741
Iversen, L. L. (2003) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awg143 · Cited by 751
Demuth, D. G., & Molleman, A. (2005) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2005.05.055 · Cited by 435
Portenoy, R. K., Ganae-Motan, E. D., Allende, S., Yanagihara, R., Shaiova, L., Weinstein, S., McQuade, R., Wright, S., & Fallon, M. T. (2012) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2012.01.003 · Cited by 420
Metadata
- Authors
- Smith, F.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Smith, F
- ORCID
- Smith, F
- Venue
- Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-06
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 559-566
- ISSN
- 0091-3057 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2016026978
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (K02-00186)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA 05274, DA‐03672)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
- Keywords
- morphine, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, antinociception, cannabinoid receptors, CB1 receptor, CP55,940, SR141716A, route of administration, tail-flick test, analgesia
- MeSH terms
- Analgesics, Opioid, Animals, Drug Synergism, Hallucinogens, Male, Mice, Inbred ICR, Morphine, Pain Measurement, Reaction Time, Receptors, Drug, Dronabinol, Receptors, Cannabinoid, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
