Low dose combination of morphine and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol circumvents antinociceptive tolerance and apparent desensitization of receptors
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Morphine and delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) produce antinociception via mu opioid and cannabinoid CB1 receptors, respectively, located in central nervous system (CNS) regions including periaqueductal gray and spinal cord. Chronic treatment with morphine or THC produces antinociceptive tolerance and cellular adaptations that include receptor desensitization. Previous studies have shown that administration of combined sub-analgesic doses of THC+morphine produced antinociception in the absence of tolerance. The present study assessed receptor-mediated G-protein activity in spinal cord and periaqueductal gray following chronic administration of THC, morphine or low dose combination. Rats received morphine (escalating doses from 1 to 6x75 mg s.c. pellets or s.c. injection of 100 to 200 mg/kg twice daily), THC (4 mg/kg i.p. twice daily) or low dose combination (0.75 mg/kg each morphine (s.c) and THC (i.p.) twice daily) for 6.5 days. Antinociception was measured in one cohort of rats using the paw pressure test, and a second cohort was assessed for agonist-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS binding. Chronic administration of morphine or THC produced antinociceptive tolerance to the respective drugs, whereas combination treatment did not produce tolerance. Administration of THC attenuated cannabinoid CB1 receptor-stimulated G-protein activity in both periaqueductal gray and spinal cord, and administration of morphine decreased mu opioid receptor-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS binding in spinal cord or periaqueductal gray, depending on route of administration. In contrast, combination treatment did not alter cannabinoid CB1 receptor- or mu opioid receptor-stimulated G-protein activity in either region. These results demonstrate that low dose THC-morphine combination treatment produces antinociception in the absence of tolerance or attenuation of receptor activity.
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Tolerance to morphine alone was rapidly established, but there was no loss of effect with low-dose combinations of morphine plus delta-9-THC.
“Tolerance to morphine alone rapidly established; no loss of effect with low-dose combinations of morphine + delta-9-THC”
From Opioid-Sparing Effect of Cannabinoids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Smith 2007
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- Authors
- Smith, P. A., Selley, D. E., Sim-Selley, L. J., & Welch, S. P.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Selley, Dana E.
- ORCID
- Selley, Dana E.
- Venue
- European Journal of Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-10
- Volume
- 571
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 129-137
- ISSN
- 0014-2999 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2040345
- OpenAlex
- W2109170164
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- European Journal of Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- U.S. Public Health Service
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA-14277, R01DA014277, DA 05274, R01DA010770, DA107710, P50DA005274)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
- Keywords
- morphine, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, antinociceptive tolerance, receptor desensitization, mu-opioid receptor, CB1 receptor, spinal cord, periaqueductal gray, long-term opioid therapy, analgesia
- MeSH terms
- Analgesics, Opioid, Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Synergism, Drug Therapy, Combination, Drug Tolerance, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Injections, Subcutaneous, Male, Morphine, Morpholines, Naphthalenes, Pain, Pain Measurement, Periaqueductal Gray, Spinal Cord, Sulfur Radioisotopes, Dronabinol, Time Factors, Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate), Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Pain Threshold, Receptors, Opioid, mu, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic, Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1, Benzoxazines, Rats
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