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Huntingtin-Encoded Polyglutamine Expansions Form Amyloid-like Protein Aggregates In Vitro and In Vivo
Open accessAbstract
The mechanism by which an elongated polyglutamine sequence causes neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease (HD) is unknown. In this study, we show that the proteolytic cleavage of a GST-huntingtin fusion protein leads to the formation of insoluble high molecular weight protein aggregates only when the polyglutamine expansion is in the pathogenic range. Electron micrographs of these aggregates revealed a fibrillar or ribbon-like morphology, reminiscent of scrapie prions and beta-amyloid fibrils in Alzheimer's disease. Subcellular fractionation and ultrastructural techniques showed the in vivo presence of these structures in the brains of mice transgenic for the HD mutation. Our in vitro model will aid in an eventual understanding of the molecular pathology of HD and the development of preventative strategies.
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“Mutant huntingtin, however, has a propensity to aggregate in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm, which is reported both in human HD patients and in animal models, in dendrites as well as in dendritic spines (Di-Figlia et al., 1997;Scherzinger et al., 1997;Gutekunst et al., 1999;Lunkes et al., 2002).”
From Dendritic Spine Instability Leads to Progressive Neocortical Spine Loss in a Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease (2013) · cites this paper as Scherzinger et al., 1997
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“Interestingly, in vitro, mutant SOD1, α-synuclein, and Htt (Scherzinger et al., 1997) are β-sheet forming, amyloidogenic proteins, whereas Fluc forms amorphous aggregates (Gupta et al.”
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“…(Steffan et al., 2004; Gu et al., 2009; O’Rourke et al., 2013; Vicente Miranda et al., 2016), buildup of toxic aggregates (DiFiglia et al., 1997; Scherzinger et al., 1997) or soluble mtHTT oligomers (Takahashi et al., 2008; Leitman et al., 2013; Ramdzan et al., 2017), and haploinsufficiency of…”
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“To confirm that normal htt was sequestered in mutant htt inclusions, we first performed cellulose acetate filter trap assays [34] with the initial 800xg pellet fraction from 24 month-old Hdh whole brain extracts (containing crude nuclei and insoluble htt aggregates) (Figure 9A).”
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Ocular Findings in Spinocerebellar Ataxia 7
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Folding and Fibril Formation of the Cell Cycle Protein Cks1
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“This expansion results in a longer polyQ-track, which in turn leads to toxic gain-of-function and increased propensity of the expanded protein to aggregate (Scherzinger et al., 1997; Ross and Poirier, 2004).”
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“…ykimura@rinshoken.or.jp Genes to Cells (2004) 9, 685–696 © Blackwell Publishing Limited686 PolyQ also spontaneously changes from the soluble state into amyloid-like aggregates in a polyQ length and in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro (Ross et al. 2003; Scherzinger et al. 1997, 1999).”
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Cholesterol impacts the formation of huntingtin/lipid complexes and subsequent aggregation
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“…a threshold of 35 repeats (Penney et al., 1997; Snell et al., 1993) results in the aggregation of htt into amyloid-like fibrils (Chen et al., 2002; Scherzinger et al., 1997, 1999) through a complex pathway that involves additional aggregate species including oligomers and amorphous aggregates…”
BackgroundTowards Understanding Neurodegenerative Diseases: Insights from Caenorhabditis elegans
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“A hallmark pathological feature of HD is the deposit of intranuclear and cytoplasmic aggregates, with previous evidence found in post-mortem human HD brains, transgenic mouse models and in vitro cell culture models [60,61].”
BackgroundThe Effect of Protein Fusions on the Production and Mechanical Properties of Protein‐Based Materials
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Harmine Acts as an Indirect Inhibitor of Intracellular Protein Aggregation
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Pathogenic Polyglutamine Tracts Are Potent Inducers of Spontaneous Sup35 and Rnq1 Amyloidogenesis
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PIN1 Modulates Huntingtin Levels and Aggregate Accumulation: An In vitro Model
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“The encoded mutant huntingtin (mHTT) has the propensity to misfold and aggregate (Scherzinger et al., 1997; Gutekunst et al., 1999), producing a whole spectrum of oligomeric species ultimately merging into cellular aggregates and intranuclear inclusions, a major pathological hallmark of HD.”
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Age-Dependent Resistance to Excitotoxicity in Htt CAG140 Mice and the Effect of Strain Background
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“In many of these conditions, protein deposition involves the formation of amyloid fibrils, and polyQ aggregates show many of the attributes of amyloid [7], [8].”
BackgroundOrthogonal Cross-Seeding: An Approach To Explore Protein Aggregates In Living Cells
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“35 glutamines, and the polyQ-dependent disease risk and tendency to aggregate are recapitulated both in Vitro and in cell culture (31).”
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“…diseases include disorders in which abnormal proteins can accumulate intranuclearly, such as polyglutamine in Huntington’s disease [121] and spinocerebellar ataxia [122]; disorders characterized by cytoplasmic inclusions, such as α -synuclein in Parkinson’s disease [123];…”
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“Many studies demonstrated that amyloids are commonly formed in Gln and/or Asn rich domains (Scherzinger et al., 1997; Warrick et al., 1998; Chow, Paulson & Bottomley, 2004).”
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BackgroundMethodInfluentialMolecular Biology of Huntington's Disease (HD) and HD-Like Disorders
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FOXR1 regulates stress response pathways and is necessary for proper brain development
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“…obtained that N-terminal mHTT exon-1 (mHTTex1) fragments spontaneously self-assemble into stable β-sheet fibrillar structures in vitro and in vivo (Scherzinger et al., 1997, 1999; Waelter et al., 2001) and are also able to spread from cell to cell (Babcock and Ganetzky, 2015; Maxan et al., 2020).”
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“2007), Huntington’s disease (Scherzinger et al. 1997; Truant et al. 2008), Parkinson’s disease (Irvine et al.”
BackgroundLocation Trumps Length: Polyglutamine-Mediated Changes in Folding and Aggregation of a Host Protein
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“The polyQ length dependence of disease onset correlates strongly with the tendency of expanded polyQ proteins to aggregate in disease models [14,15].”
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“…pathology, e.g., Lewy bodies and amyloid plaques, NIIs and cytoplasmic inclusions are suggested to be proximate causes of neurodegeneration in CAG repeat disorders (Davies et al., 1997; Ross, 1997, 2002; Scherzinger et al., 1997; Becher et al., 1998; Sisodia, 1998; Trojanowski and Lee, 2000).”
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“The N-terminal domain, preceding the poly-Q tract, is composed of 17 residues (N17) and has been shown to enhance the aggregation of poly-Q tracts in vitro and in vivo [14,15].”
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“Polyglutamine-rich factors have a tendency to aggregate (Scherzinger et al. 1997, 1999; Chen et al. 2002) but, morespeci fi cally,theymaydosothroughthePerutzpolarzipper(Perutz et al. 1993, 1994).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Scherzinger, E., Lurz, R., Turmaine, M., Mangiarini, L., Hollenbach, B., Hasenbank, R., Bates, G. P., Davies, S. W., Lehrach, H., & Wanker, E. E.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics (DE)
- University College London (GB)
- Guy's Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Wanker, Erich E
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-08
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 549-558
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2079250951
- Cited by
- 1,291
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 52
- FWCI
- 25.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MDC Repository (Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Prion Diseases and Protein Misfolding
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- Huntington's disease, polyglutamine expansion, huntingtin, protein aggregation, amyloid-like aggregates, proteolytic cleavage, GST fusion protein, neurodegeneration, transgenic mouse model, fibril morphology, amyloid-beta
- MeSH terms
- Huntingtin Protein, Amino Acid Sequence, Amyloid, Animals, Base Sequence, Brain, Cell Nucleus, Exons, Glutathione Transferase, Humans, Huntington Disease, Kidney, Mice, Transgenic, Molecular Sequence Data, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Nuclear Proteins, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Polymerase Chain Reaction, DNA Primers, Macromolecular Substances, Mice
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