Tobacco industry strategies for influencing European Community tobacco advertising legislation
Abstract
Restrictions on tobacco company advertising and sponsorship are effective parts of tobacco control programmes worldwide. Through Council Directive 98/43/EC, the European Community (EC) sought to end all tobacco advertising and sponsorship in EC member states by 2006. Initially proposed in 1989, the directive was adopted in 1998, and was annulled by the European Court of Justice in 2000 following a protracted lobbying campaign against the directive by a number of interested organisations including European tobacco companies. A new advertising directive was proposed in May, 2001. We reviewed online collections of tobacco industry documents from US tobacco companies made public under the US Master Settlement Agreement of 1998. Documents reviewed dated from 1978 to 1994 and came from Philip Morris, R J Reynolds, and Brown and Williamson (British American Tobacco) collections. We also obtained approximately 15,000 pages of paper records related to British American Tobacco from its documents' depository in Guildford, UK. This information was supplemented with information in the published literature and consultations with European tobacco control experts. The tobacco industry lobbied against Directive 98/43/EC at the level of EC member state governments as well as on a pan-European level. The industry sought to prevent passage of the directive within the EC legislature, to substitute industry-authored proposals in place of the original directive, and if necessary to use litigation t…
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The email was a sign that the tobacco industry was concerned about the Death Clock's impact.
“On 22 October, 1999, the Director of Philip Morris Worldwide Regulatory Affairs emailed a Los Angeles Times article about the Death Clock to other Philip Morris officials, a sign that the industry was concerned about its impact28.”
From Civil society and the negotiation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (2009) · cites this paper as [28]
On 22 October, 1999, the Director of Philip Morris Worldwide Regulatory Affairs emailed a Los Angeles Times article about the Death Clock to other Philip Morris officials.
“On 22 October, 1999, the Director of Philip Morris Worldwide Regulatory Affairs emailed a Los Angeles Times article about the Death Clock to other Philip Morris officials, a sign that the industry was concerned about its impact28.”
From Civil society and the negotiation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (2009) · cites this paper as [28]
Germany led efforts to fight a ban on cigarette advertising in the European Union in the 1990s.
“Germany led efforts to fight a ban on cigarette advertising in the European Union (EU) in the 1990s (Neuman, Bitton et al. 2002; Lancet 2003)”
From Civil society and the negotiation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (2009) · cites this paper as Neuman, Bitton et al. 2002
The tobacco industry has consistently used its resources and political connections to deny the health dangers of tobacco use and to undermine tobacco control policies nationally, regionally, and globally.
“The tobacco industry has consistently used its resources and political connections to deny the health dangers of tobacco use and to undermine tobacco control policies nationally (Ong and Glantz 2001; Ling and Glantz 2002), regionally (Neuman, Bitton et al. 2002), and globally (World Health Organisation Committee of Experts on Tobacco Industry Documents 2000).”
From Civil society and the negotiation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (2009) · cites this paper as Neuman, Bitton et al. 2002
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Civil society and the negotiation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
Mamudu, H. M., & Glantz, S. A. (2009) · Global Public Health · doi:10.1080/17441690802095355 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Neuman, M., Bitton, A., & Glantz, S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Glantz, Stanton
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-04
- Volume
- 359
- Issue
- 9314
- Pages
- 1323-1330
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W2064311178
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 2.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Philip Morris International
- European Commission
- National Cancer Institute (CA-84742)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Political Influence and Corporate Strategies
- Keywords
- tobacco industry, tobacco advertising, tobacco sponsorship, tobacco control legislation, lobbying, European Community, Master Settlement Agreement, Philip Morris, British American Tobacco, tobacco litigation, tobacco control
- MeSH terms
- Smoking Prevention, Advertising, European Union, Humans, Public Health, Tobacco Industry
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
