The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Suicide risk in relation to family history of completed suicide and psychiatric disorders: a nested case-control study based on longitudinal registers
Abstract
Background Familial clustering of suicidal behaviour has been well documented. We aimed to assess whether family history of completed suicide and mental illness that results in admission to hospital are risk factors for suicide, and whether these factors interact.Methods We did a nested case-control study using data from Danish longitudinal registers. We included 4262 people who had committed suicide aged 9-45 years during 1981-97 (cases), and 80238 population-based controls matched for age, sex, and date of suicide. Suicide and psychiatric history of parents and siblings and socioeconomic, demographic, and psychiatric data for every case were retrieved and merged. Data were analysed with conditional logistic regression.Findings A family history of completed suicide and psychiatric illness significantly and independently increased suicide risk (odds ratio 2.58 [95% CI 1.84-3.61] and 1.31 [1.19-1.45], respectively). These effects were not accounted for by the socioeconomic status and psychiatric history of cases. A history of family psychiatric illness significantly raised suicide risk only in people without a history of psychiatric illness (1.55 [1.38-1.75]), whereas a family history of suicide increased suicide risk irrespective of psychiatric illness (2.37 [1.11-5.09] and 2.66 [1.82-3.88]) for people with and without a psychiatric history, respectively.Interpretation Completed suicide and psychiatric illness in relatives are risk factors for suicide, and the effect of family suicide history is independent of the familial cluster of mental disorders. Family history of suicide should be established in the assessment of suicide risk.
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In the citing paper
“Research has largely focused on suicide risk among bereaved relatives,2,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25 though less is known about how many people are exposed and need support in the broader household19 or about their overall mortality risk from nonsuicide causes.9,26,27,28”
From Mortality Risk Following a Household Suicide (2025) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“Most evidence comes from high-income countries,2,9,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,26,27,28 where more robust health systems may buffer harms.”
From Mortality Risk Following a Household Suicide (2025) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“The 442% increased risk of suicide observed in this study exceeds estimates from high-income countries such as Denmark (RR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.84-3.61)21 and South Korea (RR, 2.75; 95% CI, 2.55-2.97),16”
From Mortality Risk Following a Household Suicide (2025) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“there is robust evidence from large population-based (Agerbo, Nordentoft, & Mortensen, 2002;Niederkrotenthaler, Floderus, Alexanderson, Rasmussen, & Mittendorfer-Rutz, 2012;Qin et al., 2002;Wilcox et al., 2010) and case-control studies (Cheng et al., 2014) of increased suicide risk in adolescents related to aggregation of suicide in families, specifically parental suicide”
From Pre- and postloss features of adolescent suicide bereavement: A systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as Qin et al., 2002
In the citing paper
“Odds ratios analyses indicate a two-fold (Qin et al., 2002;Wilcox et al., 2010) to three-fold (Niederkrotenthaler et al., 2012) risk of offspring suicide, independent of family history of psychopathology.”
From Pre- and postloss features of adolescent suicide bereavement: A systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as Qin et al., 2002
In the citing paper
“A family history of suicide is a risk factor for suicide,19 with some evidence suggesting that a mother's suicidal behavior has a greater influence than a father's suicidal behavior.36”
From Suicide (2020) · cites this paper as [19]
Citations
Cites
Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders: A meta-analysis
Harris, E. C., & Barraclough, B. (1997) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.170.3.205 · Cited by 2,589
Toward a clinical model of suicidal behavior in psychiatric patients
Mann, J. J., Waternaux, C., Haas, G. L., & Malone, K. M. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.2.181 · Cited by 1,791
- Statistical Models for Epidemiology
Broemeling, L. D. (2013) · Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks · doi:10.1201/b15382-9 · Cited by 1,346
Estimating the population attributable risk for multiple risk factors using case-control data.
BRUZZI, P., GREEN, S. B., BYAR, D. P., BRINTON, L. A., & SCHAIRER, C. (1985) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114174 · Cited by 1,214
The International Handbook of Suicide and Attempted Suicide
(2000) · doi:10.1002/9780470698976 · Cited by 819
The Danish Psychiatric Central Register.
Munk‐Jørgensen, P., & Mortensen, P. B. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 698
Self-citationPsychosocial Risk Factors of Child and Adolescent Completed Suicide
Gould, M. S. (1996) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830120095016 · Cited by 623
Wender, P. H. (1986) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800100013003 · Cited by 560
Suicidal Behavior Runs in Families: A Controlled Family Study of Adolescent Suicide Victims
Brent, D. A. (1996) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830120085015 · Cited by 516
Psychological autopsy of completed suicide in children and adolescents
Shafii, M. B., Carrigan, S., Whittinghill, J. R., & Derrick, A. (1985) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.142.9.1061 · Cited by 487
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The interpersonal theory of suicide.
Van Orden, K. A., Witte, T. K., Cukrowicz, K. C., Braithwaite, S. R., Selby, E. A., & Joiner, T. E. (2010) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0018697 · Cited by 5,292
Hawton, K., & van Heeringen, K. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60372-x · Cited by 1,671
The psychology of suicidal behaviour
O'Connor, R. C., & Nock, M. K. (2014) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(14)70222-6 · Cited by 1,193
Qin, P., Agerbo, E., & Mortensen, P. B. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.4.765 · Cited by 954
Self-citationFamily genetic studies, suicide, and suicidal behavior
Brent, D. A., & Mann, J. J. (2005) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C Seminars in Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.30042 · Cited by 618
Metadata
- Authors
- Qin, P., Agerbo, E., & Mortensen, P. B.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Qin, Ping
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-10
- Volume
- 360
- Issue
- 9340
- Pages
- 1126-1130
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W2122903417
- Cited by
- 352
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 8.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Danmarks Grundforskningsfond
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- suicide risk, family history of suicide, mental illness, suicide risk factors, suicide risk assessment, parental mental illness, siblings, socioeconomic status
- MeSH terms
- Suicide Prevention, Adolescent, Adult, Mental Disorders, Cause of Death, Child, Denmark, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Admission, Risk, Suicide, Cluster Analysis, Logistic Models, Case-Control Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
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