Suicide

Hawton, Keith; van Heeringen, Kees

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60372-x

Cited by 1,671Suicide and Self-Harm StudiesHomicide, Infanticide, and Child AbuseInjury Epidemiology and Prevention

Suicide

Hawton, Keith, van Heeringen, Kees·2009·The Lancet

DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60372-x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Suicide receives increasing attention worldwide, with many countries developing national strategies for prevention. Rates of suicide vary greatly between countries, with the greatest burdens in developing countries. Many more men than women die by suicide. Although suicide rates in elderly people have fallen in many countries, those in young people have risen. Rates also vary with ethnic origin, employment status, and occupation. Most people who die by suicide have psychiatric disorders, notably mood, substance-related, anxiety, psychotic, and personality disorders, with comorbidity being common. Previous self-harm is a major risk factor. Suicide is also associated with physical characteristics and disorders and smoking. Family history of suicidal behaviour is important, as are upbringing, exposure to suicidal behaviour by others and in the media, and availability of means. Approaches to suicide prevention include those targeting high-risk groups and population strategies. There are, however, many challenges to large-scale prevention, especially in developing countries.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60372-x

Cites

25 of 25 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Delaying treatment can lead to negative consequences for those with anxiety and depression.
“Delaying treatment can lead to negative consequences for those with anxiety and depression (Brenes, 2007; Hawton and van Heeringen, 2009).”
From Translating the Intention to Seek Treatment into Action: Does Symptom Monitoring Make a Difference? Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial (2019) · cites this paper as Hawton and van Heeringen, 2009

Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene
Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T. E., Taylor, A., Craig, I. W., Harrington, H., McClay, J., Mill, J., Martin, J., Braithwaite, A., et al. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1083968 · Cited by 8,120 · see citing works
Suicide Prevention Strategies: A Systematic Review
Mann, J. J., Apter, A., Bertolote, J., Beautrais, A., Currier, D., Haas, A., Hegerl, U., Lonnqvist, J., Malone, K., Marusic, A., et al. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.16.2064 · Cited by 2,852 · see citing works
Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders: A meta-analysis
Harris, E. C., & Barraclough, B. (1997) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.170.3.205 · Cited by 2,589 · see citing works
A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self harm in lesbian, gay and bisexual people
King, M., Semlyen, J., Tai, S. S., Killaspy, H., Osborn, D., Popelyuk, D., & Nazareth, I. (2008) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-8-70 · Cited by 2,300 · see citing works
Psychological autopsy studies of suicide: a systematic review.
CAVANAGH, J. T. O., CARSON, A. J., SHARPE, M., & LAWRIE, S. M. (2003) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291702006943 · Cited by 2,207 · see citing works
Neurobiology of suicidal behaviour
Mann, J. J. (2003) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1220 · Cited by 1,260 · see citing works
Fatal and non-fatal repetition of self-harm: Systematic review
Owens, D., Horrocks, J., & House, A. (2002) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.181.3.193 · Cited by 1,241 · see citing works
Cognitive Therapy for the Prevention of Suicide Attempts: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Brown, G. K., Ten Have, T., Henriques, G. R., Xie, S. X., Hollander, J. E., & Beck, A. T. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.5.563 · Cited by 1,045 · see citing works
The Lifetime Risk of Suicide in Schizophrenia: A Reexamination
Palmer, B. A., Pankratz, V. S., & Bostwick, J. M. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.3.247 · Cited by 1,026 · see citing works
The global distribution of fatal pesticide self-poisoning: Systematic review
Gunnell, D., Eddleston, M., Phillips, M. R., & Konradsen, F. (2007) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-357 · Cited by 969 · see citing works
Suicide Risk in Relation to Socioeconomic, Demographic, Psychiatric, and Familial Factors: A National Register–Based Study of All Suicides in Denmark, 1981–1997
Qin, P., Agerbo, E., & Mortensen, P. B. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.4.765 · Cited by 954 · see citing works
Suicide rates in China, 1995–99
Phillips, M. R., Li, X., & Zhang, Y. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)07954-0 · Cited by 800 · see citing works
The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS): Long-term Effectiveness and Safety Outcomes
(2007) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.10.1132 · Cited by 752 · see citing works
Suicide following deliberate self-harm: long-term follow-up of patients who presented to a general hospital
Hawton, K., Zahl, D., & Weatherall, R. (2003) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.182.6.537 · Cited by 751 · see citing works
Self-citation
Suicide After Deliberate Self-Harm: A 4-Year Cohort Study
Cooper, J., Kapur, N., Webb, R., Lawlor, M., Guthrie, E., Mackway-Jones, K., & Appleby, L. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.297 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
Suicidality in chronic pain: a review of the prevalence, risk factors and psychological links
TANG, N. K. Y., & CRANE, C. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291705006859 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and routine specialist care with and without cognitive behaviour therapy in adolescents with major depression: randomised controlled trial
Goodyer, I., Dubicka, B., Wilkinson, P., Kelvin, R., Roberts, C., Byford, S., Breen, S., Ford, C., Barrett, B., Leech, A., et al. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39224.494340.55 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Suicide risk in relation to family history of completed suicide and psychiatric disorders: a nested case-control study based on longitudinal registers
Qin, P., Agerbo, E., & Mortensen, P. B. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11197-4 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Impulsive-aggressive behaviours and completed suicide across the life cycle: a predisposition for younger age of suicide
McGirr, A., Renaud, J., Bureau, A., Seguin, M., Lesage, A., & Turecki, G. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707001419 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Suicide prevention through means restriction: Assessing the risk of substitution
Daigle, M. S. (2005) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2005.03.004 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
The alliance against depression: 2-year evaluation of a community-based intervention to reduce suicidality
HEGERL, U., ALTHAUS, D., SCHMIDTKE, A., & NIKLEWSKI, G. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329170600780x · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Elderly suicide in Hong Kong—a case-controlled psychological autopsy study
Chiu, H. F. K., Yip, P. S. F., Chi, I., Chan, S., Tsoh, J., Kwan, C. W., Li, S. F., Conwell, Y., & Caine, E. (2004) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1046/j.1600-0447.2003.00263.x · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Cigarettes and suicide: a prospective study of 50,000 men
(2000) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.90.5.768 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Smoking at age 18–20 and suicide during 26 years of follow-up—how can the association be explained?
Hemmingsson, T., & Kriebel, D. (2003) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyg203 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Prevention and Treatment of Suicidal Behaviour: From science to practice
(2005) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198529767.001.0001 · Cited by 104 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Depression in adolescence
Thapar, A., Collishaw, S., Pine, D. S., & Thapar, A. K. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60871-4 · Cited by 2,365 · see citing works
Suicide and suicidal behaviour
Turecki, G., & Brent, D. A. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00234-2 · Cited by 2,338 · see citing works
Suicide prevention strategies revisited: 10-year systematic review
Zalsman, G., Hawton, K., Wasserman, D., van Heeringen, K., Arensman, E., Sarchiapone, M., Carli, V., Höschl, C., Barzilay, R., Balazs, J., et al. (2016) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30030-x · Cited by 1,765 · see citing works
Self-citation
Risk factors for suicide in individuals with depression: a systematic review
Hawton, K., Casañas i Comabella, C., Haw, C., & Saunders, K. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.004 · Cited by 1,469 · see citing works
Self-citation
The psychology of suicidal behaviour
O'Connor, R. C., & Nock, M. K. (2014) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(14)70222-6 · Cited by 1,193 · see citing works
Measuring the Suicidal Mind: Implicit Cognition Predicts Suicidal Behavior
Nock, M. K., Park, J. M., Finn, C. T., Deliberto, T. L., Dour, H. J., & Banaji, M. R. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610364762 · Cited by 624 · see citing works
The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on psychological treatments research in tomorrow's science
Holmes, E. A., Ghaderi, A., Harmer, C. J., Ramchandani, P. G., Cuijpers, P., Morrison, A. P., Roiser, J. P., Bockting, C. L. H., O'Connor, R. C., Shafran, R., et al. (2018) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30513-8 · Cited by 624 · see citing works
Suicide and Youth: Risk Factors
Bilsen, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00540 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
The gender paradox in suicidal behavior and its impact on the suicidal process
Schrijvers, D. L., Bollen, J., & Sabbe, B. G. C. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.03.050 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Suicidal behavior and alcohol abuse.
Pompili, M., Serafini, G., Innamorati, M., Dominici, G., Ferracuti, S., Kotzalidis, G. D., Serra, G., Girardi, P., Janiri, L., Tatarelli, R., et al. (2010) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph7041392 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Correlates of suicide attempts among self-injurers: a meta-analysis
Victor, S. E., & Klonsky, E. D. (2014) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.03.005 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Imaging suicidal thoughts and behaviors: a comprehensive review of 2 decades of neuroimaging studies
Schmaal, L., van Harmelen, A.-L., Chatzi, V., Lippard, E. T. C., Toenders, Y. J., Averill, L. A., Mazure, C. M., & Blumberg, H. P. (2020) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0587-x · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Dose-response association of screen time-based sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents and depression: a meta-analysis of observational studies
Liu, M., Wu, L., & Yao, S. (2016) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095084 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
The association between mental disorders and suicide: a systematic review and meta-analysis of record linkage studies
Too, L. S., Spittal, M. J., Bugeja, L., Reifels, L., Butterworth, P., & Pirkis, J. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.054 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
A systematic review of help-seeking interventions for depression, anxiety and general psychological distress
Gulliver, A., Griffiths, K. M., Christensen, H., & Brewer, J. L. (2012) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-12-81 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
The suicidal mind and brain: A review of neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies
Jollant, F., Lawrence, N. L., Olié, E., Guillaume, S., & Courtet, P. (2011) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2011.556200 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Treatment of suicidal people around the world
Bruffaerts, R., Demyttenaere, K., Hwang, I., Chiu, W.-T., Sampson, N., Kessler, R. C., Alonso, J., Borges, G., de Girolamo, G., de Graaf, R., et al. (2011) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.084129 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Connecting inflammation with glutamate agonism in suicidality
Erhardt, S., Lim, C. K., Linderholm, K. R., Janelidze, S., Lindqvist, D., Samuelsson, M., Lundberg, K., Postolache, T. T., Träskman-Bendz, L., Guillemin, G. J., et al. (2013) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2012.248 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
A systematic review of elderly suicide prevention programs
Lapierre, S., Erlangsen, A., Waern, M., De Leo, D., Oyama, H., Scocco, P., Gallo, J., Szanto, K., Conwell, Y., Draper, B., et al. (2011) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000076 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Perceptions and opinions of patients about mental health chatbots: scoping review
Abd-Alrazaq, A. A., Alajlani, M., Ali, N., Denecke, K., Bewick, B. M., & Househ, M. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/17828 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Ultra-Low-Dose Buprenorphine as a Time-Limited Treatment for Severe Suicidal Ideation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Yovell, Y., Bar, G., Mashiah, M., Baruch, Y., Briskman, I., Asherov, J., Lotan, A., Rigbi, A., & Panksepp, J. (2016) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15040535 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Implementation of mental health service recommendations in England and Wales and suicide rates, 1997–2006: a cross-sectional and before-and-after observational study
While, D., Bickley, H., Roscoe, A., Windfuhr, K., Rahman, S., Shaw, J., Appleby, L., & Kapur, N. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61712-1 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Gender differences in mental disorders and suicidality in Europe: Results from a large cross-sectional population-based study
Boyd, A., Van de Velde, S., Vilagut, G., de Graaf, R., O׳Neill, S., Florescu, S., Alonso, J., & Kovess-Masfety, V. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.11.002 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Psychiatric disorders in patients presenting to hospital following self-harm: a systematic review
Hawton, K., Saunders, K., Topiwala, A., & Haw, C. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.08.020 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Self-citation
Changes in suicide rates following media reports on celebrity suicide: a meta-analysis
Niederkrotenthaler, T., Fu, K.-W., Yip, P. S. F., Fong, D. Y. T., Stack, S., Cheng, Q., & Pirkis, J. (2012) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2011-200707 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
BDNF promoter methylation and suicidal behavior in depressive patients
Kang, H.-J., Kim, J.-M., Lee, J.-Y., Kim, S.-Y., Bae, K.-Y., Kim, S.-W., Shin, I.-S., Kim, H.-R., Shin, M.-G., & Yoon, J.-S. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.08.001 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Attempted suicide in the elderly: Characteristics of suicide attempters 70 years and older and a general population comparison group
Wiktorsson, S., Runeson, B., Skoog, I., Östling, S., & Waern, M. (2010) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181bd1c13 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Suicide in obsessive–compulsive disorder: A population-based study of 36 788 Swedish patients
Fernández de la Cruz, L., Rydell, M., Runeson, B., D'Onofrio, B. M., Brander, G., Rück, C., Lichtenstein, P., Larsson, H., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2017) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.115 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Distinguishing adolescents who think about self-harm from those who engage in self-harm
O'Connor, R. C., Rasmussen, S., & Hawton, K. (2012) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.097808 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citation
Suicide Following Deliberate Self-Harm
Olfson, M., Wall, M., Wang, S., Crystal, S., Gerhard, T., & Blanco, C. (2017) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16111288 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Association Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Suicide
Madsen, T., Erlangsen, A., Orlovska, S., Mofaddy, R., Nordentoft, M., & Benros, M. E. (2018) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10211 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Suicide and Microglia: Recent Findings and Future Perspectives Based on Human Studies
Suzuki, H., Ohgidani, M., Kuwano, N., Chrétien, F., Lorin de la Grandmaison, G., Onaya, M., Tominaga, I., Setoyama, D., Kang, D., Mimura, M., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00031 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Psychological processes and repeat suicidal behavior: a four-year prospective study
O'Connor, R. C., Smyth, R., Ferguson, E., Ryan, C., & Williams, J. M. G. (2013) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0033751 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Treatment gap and barriers for mental health care: a cross-sectional community survey in Nepal
Luitel, N. P., Jordans, M. J. D., Kohrt, B. A., Rathod, S. D., & Komproe, I. H. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0183223 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Assessment of Suicidal Behaviors Among Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Denmark
Kõlves, K., Fitzgerald, C., Nordentoft, M., Wood, S. J., & Erlangsen, A. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.33565 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
A systematic review of suicide prevention interventions targeting indigenous peoples in Australia, United States, Canada and New Zealand
Clifford, A. C., Doran, C. M., & Tsey, K. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-463 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Mobile Health Technology Interventions for Suicide Prevention: Systematic Review
Melia, R., Francis, K., Hickey, E., Bogue, J., Duggan, J., O'Sullivan, M., & Young, K. (2020) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/12516 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Physical diseases as predictors of suicide in older adults: a nationwide, register-based cohort study
Erlangsen, A., Stenager, E., & Conwell, Y. (2015) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-015-1051-0 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Kynurenine pathway metabolites and suicidality
Bryleva, E. Y., & Brundin, L. (2017) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.01.034 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Cortisol levels and suicidal behavior: A meta-analysis
O’Connor, D. B., Ferguson, E., Green, J. A., O’Carroll, R. E., & O’Connor, R. C. (2016) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.10.011 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Genetics of suicide attempts in individuals with and without mental disorders: a population-based genome-wide association study
Erlangsen, A., Appadurai, V., Wang, Y., Turecki, G., Mors, O., Werge, T., Mortensen, P. B., Starnawska, A., Børglum, A. D., Schork, A., et al. (2020) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-018-0218-y · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Differentiating suicide attempters from suicide ideators using the Integrated Motivational–Volitional model of suicidal behaviour
Dhingra, K., Boduszek, D., & O’Connor, R. C. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.07.007 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
What Do We Know About Suicidality in Autism Spectrum Disorders? A Systematic Review
Segers, M., & Rawana, J. (2014) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1375 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults
Caddy, C., Amit, B. H., McCloud, T. L., Rendell, J. M., Furukawa, T. A., McShane, R., Hawton, K., & Cipriani, A. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011612.pub2 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-citation
The impact of psychiatric illness on suicide: Differences by diagnosis of disorders and by sex and age of subjects
Qin, P. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.06.002 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Suicidal risk following hospital discharge: a review
Forte, A., Buscajoni, A., Fiorillo, A., Pompili, M., & Baldessarini, R. J. (2019) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000222 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Change in Suicide Rates in Switzerland Before and After Firearm Restriction Resulting From the 2003 “Army XXI” Reform
Reisch, T., Steffen, T., Habenstein, A., & Tschacher, W. (2013) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12091256 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Is there a neuroanatomical basis of the vulnerability to suicidal behavior? A coordinate-based meta-analysis of structural and functional MRI studies
van Heeringen, K., Bijttebier, S., Desmyter, S., Vervaet, M., & Baeken, C. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00824 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
The risk of suicide mortality in chronic pain patients
Hassett, A. L., Aquino, J. K., & Ilgen, M. A. (2014) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-014-0436-1 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Psychosocial influences on prisoner suicide: a case-control study of near-lethal self-harm in women prisoners
Marzano, L., Hawton, K., Rivlin, A., & Fazel, S. (2011) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.12.028 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Newspaper coverage of suicide and initiation of suicide clusters in teenagers in the USA, 1988–96: a retrospective, population-based, case-control study
Gould, M. S., Kleinman, M. H., Lake, A. M., Forman, J., & Midle, J. B. (2014) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(14)70225-1 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Suicide attempts in bipolar disorders: comprehensive review of 101 reports
Tondo, L., Pompili, M., Forte, A., & Baldessarini, R. J. (2016) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12517 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Association between suicidal spectrum behaviors and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Septier, M., Stordeur, C., Zhang, J., Delorme, R., & Cortese, S. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.022 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Deficit of cognitive inhibition in depressed elderly: a neurocognitive marker of suicidal risk
Richard-Devantoy, S., Jollant, F., Kefi, Z., Turecki, G., J.P.Olié, Annweiler, C., Beauchet, O., & Le Gall, D. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.03.006 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Investigating the Dynamics of Suicidal Ideation: Preliminary Findings From a Study Using Ecological Momentary Assessments in Psychiatric Inpatients
Hallensleben, N., Spangenberg, L., Forkmann, T., Rath, D., Hegerl, U., Kersting, A., Kallert, T. W., & Glaesmer, H. (2018) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000464 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Prevention of Suicidal Behavior in Prisons: An Overview of Initiatives Based on a Systematic Review of Research on Near-Lethal Suicide Attempts
Marzano, L., Hawton, K., Rivlin, A., Smith, E. N., Piper, M., & Fazel, S. (2016) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000394 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citation
Prefrontal cortex markers of suicidal vulnerability in mood disorders: a model-based structural neuroimaging study with a translational perspective
Ding, Y., Lawrence, N., Olié, E., Cyprien, F., le Bars, E., Bonafé, A., Phillips, M. L., Courtet, P., & Jollant, F. (2015) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2015.1 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Population-based analysis of health care contacts among suicide decedents: identifying opportunities for more targeted suicide prevention strategies
Schaffer, A., Sinyor, M., Kurdyak, P., Vigod, S., Sareen, J., Reis, C., Green, D., Bolton, J., Rhodes, A., Grigoriadis, S., et al. (2016) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20321 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Lithium and suicide prevention in mood disorders and in the general population: A systematic review
Del Matto, L., Muscas, M., Murru, A., Verdolini, N., Anmella, G., Fico, G., Corponi, F., Carvalho, A. F., Samalin, L., Carpiniello, B., et al. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.017 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Psychiatric Admissions to a Large Swiss Emergency Department: An Observational Study
Ambrosetti, J., Macheret, L., Folliet, A., Wullschleger, A., Amerio, A., Aguglia, A., Serafini, G., Prada, P., Kaiser, S., Bondolfi, G., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18031174 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Short-term and long-term effects of psychosocial therapy for people after deliberate self-harm: a register-based, nationwide multicentre study using propensity score matching
Erlangsen, A., Lind, B. D., Stuart, E. A., Qin, P., Stenager, E., Larsen, K. J., Wang, A. G., Hvid, M., Nielsen, A. C., Pedersen, C. M., et al. (2015) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(14)00083-2 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
The burden of depression in adolescents and the importance of early recognition
Petito, A., Pop, T. L., Namazova-Baranova, L., Mestrovic, J., Nigri, L., Vural, M., Sacco, M., Giardino, I., Ferrara, P., & Pettoello-Mantovani, M. (2020) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.12.003 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Suicidality in Autistic Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review
Zahid, S., & Upthegrove, R. (2017) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000458 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
A structural test of the integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behaviour
Dhingra, K., Boduszek, D., & O'Connor, R. C. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.03.023 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Personality factors and suicide risk in a representative sample of the German general population
Blüml, V., Kapusta, N. D., Doering, S., Brähler, E., Wagner, B., & Kersting, A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076646 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Prefrontal alterations in GABAergic and glutamatergic gene expression in relation to depression and suicide
Zhao, J., Verwer, R. W. H., Gao, S.-F., Qi, X.-R., Lucassen, P. J., Kessels, H. W., & Swaab, D. F. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.04.020 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
A diffusion tensor imaging study of suicide attempters
Olvet, D. M., Peruzzo, D., Thapa-Chhetry, B., Sublette, M. E., Sullivan, G. M., Oquendo, M. A., Mann, J. J., & Parsey, R. V. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.01.002 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Combined effects of physical illness and comorbid psychiatric disorder on risk of suicide in a national population study
Qin, P., Hawton, K., Mortensen, P. B., & Webb, R. (2014) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.128785 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citation
Anxiety and Depression Symptoms Among Farmers: The HUNT Study, Norway
Torske, M. O., Hilt, B., Glasscock, D., Lundqvist, P., & Krokstad, S. (2016) · Journal of Agromedicine · doi:10.1080/1059924x.2015.1106375 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Alexithymia and Suicide Ideation in a Sample of Patients with Binge Eating Disorder
Carano, A., De Berardis, D., Campanella, D., Serroni, N., Ferri, F., Di Iorio, G., Acciavatti, T., Mancini, L., Mariani, G., Martinotti, G., et al. (2012) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/01.pra.0000410982.08229.99 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Low <scp>IL</scp> ‐8 is associated with anxiety in suicidal patients: genetic variation and decreased protein levels
Janelidze, S., Suchankova, P., Ekman, A., Erhardt, S., Sellgren, C., Samuelsson, M., Westrin, A., Minthon, L., Hansson, O., Träskman‐Bendz, L., et al. (2015) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12339 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Intrapersonal positive future thinking predicts repeat suicide attempts in hospital-treated suicide attempters.
O'Connor, R. C., Smyth, R., & Williams, J. M. G. (2015) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0037846 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Prefrontal changes in the glutamate-glutamine cycle and neuronal/glial glutamate transporters in depression with and without suicide
Zhao, J., Verwer, R. W. H., van Wamelen, D. J., Qi, X.-R., Gao, S.-F., Lucassen, P. J., & Swaab, D. F. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.06.017 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Hopelessness, Defeat, and Entrapment in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Their Association With Suicidal Behavior and Severity of Depression
Panagioti, M., Gooding, P. A., & Tarrier, N. (2012) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e3182613f91 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Entrapment and suicide risk: The development of the 4-item Entrapment Scale Short-Form (E-SF)
De Beurs, D., Cleare, S., Wetherall, K., Eschle-Byrne, S., Ferguson, E., B O'Connor, D., & C O'Connor, R. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112765 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Intracellular inflammatory and antioxidant pathways in postmortem frontal cortex of subjects with major depression: effect of antidepressants
Martín-Hernández, D., Caso, J. R., Javier Meana, J., Callado, L. F., Madrigal, J. L. M., García-Bueno, B., & Leza, J. C. (2018) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-018-1294-2 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Prevalence of suicide risk and comorbidities in postpartum women in Pelotas
Tavares, D., Quevedo, L., Jansen, K., Souza, L., Pinheiro, R., & Silva, R. (2012) · Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria · doi:10.1016/j.rbp.2011.12.001 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Socioeconomic inequalities in suicide in Europe: the widening gap
Lorant, V., de Gelder, R., Kapadia, D., Borrell, C., Kalediene, R., Kovács, K., Leinsalu, M., Martikainen, P., Menvielle, G., Regidor, E., et al. (2018) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2017.32 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Control-related frontal-striatal function is associated with past suicidal ideation and behavior in patients with recent-onset psychotic major mood disorders
Minzenberg, M. J., Lesh, T. A., Niendam, T. A., Yoon, J. H., Cheng, Y., Rhoades, R. N., & Carter, C. S. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.049 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Suicidal behaviour among persons with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Fitzgerald, C., Dalsgaard, S., Nordentoft, M., & Erlangsen, A. (2019) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2019.128 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Assisted and unassisted suicide in men and women: longitudinal study of the Swiss population
Steck, N., Egger, M., & Zwahlen, M. (2016) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.160416 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Religiosity is a protective factor against self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in Jewish adolescents: findings from a nationally representative survey
Amit, B. H., Krivoy, A., Mansbach-Kleinfeld, I., Zalsman, G., Ponizovsky, A. M., Hoshen, M., Farbstein, I., Apter, A., Weizman, A., & Shoval, G. (2014) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.04.005 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Neuroimaging studies of suicidal behavior and non-suicidal self-injury in psychiatric patients: A systematic review
Domínguez-Baleón, C., Gutiérrez-Mondragón, L. F., Campos-González, A. I., & Rentería, M. E. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00500 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Spectroscopy markers of suicidal risk and mental pain in depressed patients
Jollant, F., Near, J., Turecki, G., & Richard-Devantoy, S. (2017) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.10.005 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Temperature-associated suicide mortality: Contrasting roles of climatic warming and the suicide prevention program in Finland
Helama, S., Holopainen, J., & Partonen, T. (2013) · Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12199-013-0329-7 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Suicidality in Chronic Pain: Predictors of Suicidal Ideation in Fibromyalgia
Triñanes, Y., González‐Villar, A., Gómez‐Perretta, C., & Carrillo‐de‐la‐Peña, M. T. (2015) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.12186 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Suicide prevention and follow-up services: A narrative review
Ghanbari, B., Malakouti, S. K., Nojomi, M., Alavi, K., & Khaleghparast, S. (2015) · Global Journal of Health Science · doi:10.5539/gjhs.v8n5p145 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Forensic toxicology analysis of self-poisoning suicidal deaths in Tehran, Iran; trends between 2011-2015
Kordrostami, R., Akhgari, M., Ameri, M., Ghadipasha, M., & Aghakhani, K. (2017) · DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1186/s40199-017-0181-1 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Neural substrates of suicide and suicidal behaviour: From a neuroimaging perspective
Balcioglu, Y. H., & Kose, S. (2018) · Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1080/24750573.2017.1420378 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Altered resting-state functional network connectivity is associated with suicide attempt in young depressed patients
Cao, J., Ai, M., Chen, X., Chen, J., Wang, W., & Kuang, L. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112713 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Means restriction for the prevention of suicide by jumping
Okolie, C., Wood, S., Hawton, K., Kandalama, U., Glendenning, A. C., Dennis, M., Price, S. F., Lloyd, K., & John, A. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013543 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citation
Corpus callosum integrity is affected by mood disorders and also by the suicide attempt history: A diffusion tensor imaging study
Cyprien, F., de Champfleur, N. M., Deverdun, J., Olié, E., Le Bars, E., Bonafé, A., Mura, T., Jollant, F., Courtet, P., & Artero, S. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.026 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Privacy issues in the development of a virtual mental health clinic for university students: a qualitative study
Gulliver, A., Bennett, K., Bennett, A., Farrer, L. M., Reynolds, J., & Griffiths, K. M. (2015) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.4294 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Reduced dorsal striatal gray matter volume predicts implicit suicidal ideation in adolescents
Ho, T. C., Cichocki, A. C., Gifuni, A. J., Catalina Camacho, M., Ordaz, S. J., Singh, M. K., & Gotlib, I. H. (2018) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsy089 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
A CBT-Based Psychoeducational Intervention for Suicide Survivors: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Study
Wittouck, C., Van Autreve, S., Portzky, G., & van Heeringen, K. (2014) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000252 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy against suicidal ideation in patients with depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhang, B., Fu, W., Guo, Y., Chen, Y., Jiang, C., Li, X., & He, K. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.091 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Associations of substance use patterns with attempted suicide among persons who inject drugs: Can distinct use patterns play a role?
Artenie, A. A., Bruneau, J., Zang, G., Lespérance, F., Renaud, J., Tremblay, J., & Jutras-Aswad, D. (2015) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.11.011 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Anxiety disorders and risk for suicide: why such controversy?
Sareen, J. (2011) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20906 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The role of mobile phone technology in understanding and preventing suicidal behavior
de Beurs, D., Kirtley, O., Kerkhof, A., Portzky, G., & O’Connor, R. C. (2015) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000316 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Cigarette smoking and completed suicide: Results from 3 prospective cohorts of American adults
Lucas, M., O’Reilly, E. J., Mirzaei, F., Okereke, O. I., Unger, L., Miller, M., & Ascherio, A. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.08.033 · Cited by 43 · see citing works

Authors: Hawton, K., & van Heeringen, K.
Affiliations: Warneford Hospital (GB)
Corresponding author: Hawton, Keith
ORCID: Hawton, Keith
Venue: The Lancet
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-04
Volume: 373
Issue: 9672
Pages: 1372-1381
ISSN: 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
0140-6736
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60372-x
OpenAlex: W4211120965
Cited by: 1,671
References: 25
Citations by year: 2026: 37 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 79 · 2022: 103 · 2021: 111 · 2020: 143 · 2019: 103 · 2018: 118 · 2017: 99 · 2016: 141 · 2015: 143 · 2014: 118 · 2013: 95 · 2012: 92
FWCI: 10.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The Lancet (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
Keywords: suicide, suicide prevention, suicide rates, sex differences in suicide, elderly suicide, mental illness, comorbidities, self-harm, family history of suicide, suicide methods, developing countries, national suicide prevention strategy
MeSH terms: Suicide Prevention, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Developing Countries, Employment, Female, Forecasting, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Occupations, Primary Prevention, Risk Factors, Seasons, Smoking, Suicide, Global Health, Self-Injurious Behavior, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Suicide

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Record

About these checks