The DOI matches its Crossref record; 117 of the 118 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Complex interventions to improve physical function and maintain independent living in elderly people: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Background In old age, reduction in physical function leads to loss of independence, the need for hospital and long-term nursing-home care, and premature death. We did a systematic review to assess the effectiveness of community-based complex interventions in preservation of physical function and independence in elderly people.Methods We searched systematically for randomised controlled trials assessing community-based multifactorial interventions in elderly people (mean age at least 65 years) living at home with at least 6 months of follow-up. Outcomes studied were living at home, death, nursing-home and hospital admissions, falls, and physical function. We did a meta-analysis of the extracted data.Findings We identified 89 trials including 97 984 people. Interventions reduced the risk of not living at home (relative risk [RR] 0.95, 95% CI 0.93-0.97). Interventions reduced nursing-home admissions (0.87, 0.83-0.90), but not death (1.00, 0.97-1.02). Risk of hospital admissions (0.94, 0.91-0.97) and falls (0.90, 0.86-0.95) were reduced, and physical function (standardised mean difference -0.08, -0.11 to -0.06) was better in the intervention groups than in other groups. Benefit for any specific type or intensity of intervention was not noted. In populations with increased death rates, interventions were associated with reduced nursing-home admission. Benefit in trials was particularly evident in studies started before 1993.Interpretation Complex interventions can help elderly people to live safely and independently, and could be tailored to meet individuals' needs and preferences.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Exercise has physiological effects on the brain, endocrine system, immune system and skeletal muscle (42, 117-120).”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [117]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Interventions for preventing falls in elderly people
Gillespie, L. D., Gillespie, W. J., Robertson, M. C., Lamb, S. E., Cumming, R. G., & Rowe, B. H. (2003) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000340 · Cited by 1,448
RetractedCochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions
Higgins, J. P. T., Green, S., & Ben Van Den, A. (2020) · International Coaching Psychology Review · doi:10.53841/bpsicpr.2020.15.2.123 · Cited by 5,670
Moher, D., Cook, D. J., Eastwood, S., Olkin, I., Rennie, D., & Stroup, D. F. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)04149-5 · Cited by 4,826
Framework for design and evaluation of complex interventions to improve health
Campbell, M. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7262.694 · Cited by 3,474
Active Ageing: A Policy Framework
Kalache, A., & Gatti, A. (2002) · The Aging Male · doi:10.1080/713604647 · Cited by 3,150
Tinetti, M. E., Baker, D. I., McAvay, G., Claus, E. B., Garrett, P., Gottschalk, M., Koch, M. L., Trainor, K. M., & Horwitz, R. I. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199409293311301 · Cited by 2,160
Comprehensive geriatric assessment: a meta-analysis of controlled trials
Stuck, A. E., Siu, A. L., Wieland, G. D., Rubenstein, L. Z., & Adams, J. (1993) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)92884-v · Cited by 1,974
Stuck, A. E., Walthert, J. M., Nikolaus, T., Büla, C., Hohmann, C., & Beck, J. C. (1999) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00370-0 · Cited by 1,887
Naylor, M. D., Brooten, D., Campbell, R., Jacobsen, B. S., Mezey, M. D., Pauly, M. V., & Schwartz, J. S. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.281.7.613 · Cited by 1,831
Chang, J. T., Morton, S. C., Rubenstein, L. Z., Mojica, W., Maglione, M., Suttorp, M. J., Röth, E., & Shekelle, P. (2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7441.680 · Cited by 1,183
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 780
Palapar, L., Wilkinson‐Meyers, L., Lumley, T., & Kerse, N. M. (2017) · Journal of Primary Health Care · doi:10.1071/hc16039 · Cited by 2
Evidence Brief: Organizing a Care System for Older Adults in Ontario
Wilson, M. G. (2011) · MacSphere (McMaster University) · Cited by 2
Soto‐Pérez‐de‐Celis, E., & Hurria, A. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-47674-4.00060-8 · Cited by 2
Apports de l’évaluation gérontologique pour les patients cardiovasculaires très âgés
Broussier, A., Valembois, L., Lafuente‐Lafuente, C., David, J., & Pariel, S. (2019) · La Presse Médicale · doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2019.02.004 · Cited by 3
Gilmartin‐Thomas, J., Forbes, A. B., Liew, D., McNeil, J. J., Cicuttini, F., Owen, A. J., Ernst, M. E., Nelson, M. R., Lockery, J. E., Ward, S. A., et al. (2020) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.12980 · Cited by 2
Patterns of Functional Impairment over Time Amongst Older Men—the Manitoba Follow-up StudyY
John, P. D. S., Swift, A., & TATE, R. B. (2021) · Canadian Geriatrics Journal · doi:10.5770/cgj.24.453 · Cited by 2
Frailty : Update on Diagnosis Evaluation and Management Part 2
Abyad, A., & Hammami, S. O. (2021) · Middle East Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.5742/mejim2021.93795 · Cited by 2
Rodrigues, A., & Paquete, P. (2022) · International Journal of Health Science · doi:10.22533/at.ed.1592342206077 · Cited by 2
Outpatient Geriatric Evaluation and Management
Tharmathurai, E., & van Baardwijk, J. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-56204-4_19 · Cited by 2
Clinical Trials on Aging Research
Pérez‐Zepeda, M. U., Cherubini, A., García‐Peña, C., Zengarini, E., & Gutiérrez‐Robledo, L. M. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95387-8_9 · Cited by 2
IMPLEMENTING A PROCESS OF RISK-STRATIFIED CARE COORDINATION FOR OLDER ADULTS IN PRIMARY CARE
Elliott, J. B., Stolee, P., Heckman, G. A., Boscart, V., & Giangregorio, L. (2017) · Innovation in Aging · doi:10.1093/geroni/igx004.625 · Cited by 2
Frailty in old age: conceptualization and care innovations
Ament, B. H. L. (2015) · doi:10.26481/dis.20150101ba · Cited by 2
Health in Private-Rented Housing
Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Barton, C., & Kenny, C. (2018) · doi:10.58248/pn573 · Cited by 2
Cognitive Dysfunction in Older Breast Cancer Survivors
Crouch, A. (2020) · IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) · doi:10.7912/c2/1317 · Cited by 2
Moody, E., McDougall, H., Paus Jenssen, E., McArthur, C., Affoo, R., Weeks, L. E., Macdonald, M., Mojbafan, A., & Langman, E. (2026) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-026-07011-x · Cited by 1
Mahmud, M. H. S., Rahman, N., & Mandal, S. (2017) · Bangladesh Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3329/bjpsy.v28i2.32739 · Cited by 1
Forebyggende hjemmebesøk: Legger kommunen mest vekt på mestring eller omsorg?
Bogsti, W. B., Sveen, S., Sogstad, M., & Norbye, B. (2020) · Sykepleien Forskning · doi:10.4220/sykepleiens.2020.80324 · Cited by 1
The influence of the multifactorial falls prevention programme on mortality
Korpi, N., Mikkelsson, M., Korpi, T., & Kautiainen, H. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/14034948241285559 · Cited by 1
Park, J. Y., & Lee, K. H. (2024) · Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing · doi:10.5932/jkphn.2024.38.3.285 · Cited by 1
Gamble, C. J., van Isselt, E. F. V. D., Zwakhalen, S. M. G., Adams, N., Roekx, D. P. H. G., & van Haastregt, J. C. M. (2025) · International Journal of Telerehabilitation · doi:10.5195/ijt.2024.6681 · Cited by 1
YANG, B., Yuan, X.-C., YANG, Z., Yi, C., Liu, S., Wei, S., Jiang, X.-Y., Peng, S., Liao, H., & Wei, Y. (2025) · Climate Change Economics · doi:10.1142/s2010007825500083 · Cited by 1
Mulot, L., Monmousseau, F., Dubnitskiy‐Robin, S., Diot, M., Marionnaud, P., Brunet-Houdard, S., & Fougère, B. (2025) · Patient · doi:10.1007/s40271-025-00738-6 · Cited by 1
Rodríguez‐Fernández, L., Zorzo, C., Gutiérrez‐Menéndez, A., Lobo, J. C., Valle, D. F. D., Castillo‐Escalona, E. G., Martínez, J. A., & Árias, J. L. (2025) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.115135 · Cited by 1
Jones, E. S., Herholdt‐Lomholdt, S. M., Norlyk, A., & Odeh, F. (2025) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-025-13827-x · Cited by 1
Shafiq, A., Mustafa, M. S., Rauf, M., Ahmed, M., Khan, B., Khan, S., Birjani, D., Saleem, M., & Imran, R. (2025) · Cardiology in Review · doi:10.1097/crd.0000000000001151 · Cited by 1
Hu, Y. Y., Orchard, C., & Yu, H. (2026) · Journal of Interprofessional Care · doi:10.1080/13561820.2026.2642301 · Cited by 1
Programes d'intervenció comunitària en vellesa i familia
Ginard, B. J. B., Garcia, R. F., Garí, C. G., & Sintes, M. I. C. (2009) · Biblioteca Digital de les Illes Balears (Universitat de les Illes Balears) · Cited by 1
Cross-cultural adaptation of the English version of the Senior Fitness Test to Spanish
González, M. E. O., Cobo-Mejía, E. A., Castillo, L. Y. R., Niño, D. M. V., & Sandoval-Cuéllar, C. (2014) · Magazine Portal Bibliotech Digital (Universidad Nacional de Colombia) · doi:10.15446/revfacmed.v62n4.41956 · Cited by 1
HEMMET SOM ARENA FÖR ÄLDRES REHABILITERING
Randström, K. B. (2013) · Cited by 1
Uittenbroek, R. J., Spoorenberg, S. L. W., Brans, R., Middel, B. J., Kremer, B. P. H., Reijneveld, S. A., & Wynia, K. (2014) · Tijdschrift voor Gerontologie en Geriatrie · doi:10.1007/s12439-014-0062-8 · Cited by 1
Community-Based Service Models for Seniors in Newfoundland & Labrador
Bergman, H., Grignon, M., Cooper, B. A., Bornstein, S., & Navarro, P. (2013) · Cited by 1
A step forward in the right direction
Rodríguez‐Mañas, L., & Castro, M. (2014) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-014-0035-1 · Cited by 1
Assessment of Daily Activity Performance: Exploring the Option of Shortening the Test
Huiszoon, E., de Vreede, P. L., Bramsen, I., Kuiper, C. H. Z., & Miedema, H. S. (2013) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2011-0410 · Cited by 1
Briggs, M., & McElhaney, J. E. (2014) · Cited by 1
In-home care and ‘supported independence’ for the frail elderly: A social work perspective
Matthews, D. (2016) · Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work · doi:10.11157/anzswj-vol24iss1id137 · Cited by 1
Correlates of Adjustment to Aging
von Humboldt, S. (2016) · International perspectives on aging · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-7576-2_5 · Cited by 1
Interventies en effectiviteit (theorie)
Metzelthin, S., & Daniëls, R. (2016) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-368-1156-9_8 · Cited by 1
Marin-Gomez, F. X., Vidal‐Alaball, J., Cuyàs, F. G., & Reig-Bolaño, R. (2017) · International Archives of Medicine · doi:10.3823/2531 · Cited by 2
Models of healthcare for older people
Pitkälä, K. H., Gladman, J. R. F., & Connolly, M. J. (2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0019 · Cited by 2
Team, Occupational Therapist and Geriatrician
Bellelli, G., Inzitari, M., Segura, J. A. L., Morel-Bracq, M.-C., & Bertholom, Y. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35731-3_2 · Cited by 1
Tania, C. (2020) · Wellness And Healthy Magazine · doi:10.30604/well.64212020 · Cited by 1
Physical Fitness in Hospitalized Frail Elderly Patients
Åhlund, K. (2020) · Linköping University medical dissertations · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-164961 · Cited by 1
bshabshe, A. A. A. A., Nadeem, M., Bahis, M. A., Wani, J. I., Aziz, S., Sabah, Z. U., & Shah, T. A. (2021) · Middle East Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.5742/mejim2020.93796 · Cited by 1
(2016) · Australian Journal on Ageing · doi:10.1111/ajag.12297 · Cited by 1
Comprehensive geriatric assessment, rehabilitation and discharge planning
Wilkinson, I., & Harper, A. (2024) · Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mpmed.2024.08.005 · Cited by 1
Warsz, L., Jankowski, M., Oberska, J., & Gujski, M. (2024) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.10.003 · Cited by 1
López-González, M., Priego-Jiménez, S., López-Requena, A., Miguel-Brox, M. D., & Álvarez‐Bueno, C. (2025) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2025.112962 · Cited by 2
Exercise Programs for Patients with Osteoporosis
Felsenberg, D., & Runge, M. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374602-3.00052-3 · Cited by 2
Berke, R. (2014) · International Journal of Nursing Student Scholarship · Cited by 1
Preventieve huisbezoeken bij kwetsbare ouderen
van Hout, H. P. J., Jansen, A. P. D., van Marwijk, H., Pronk, M., Frijters, D. H. M., & Nijpels, G. (2011) · Huisarts en Wetenschap · doi:10.1007/s12445-011-0180-2 · Cited by 1
Neighborhood built environment and trajectory of lower extremity function among older women
Nagel, C. (2015) · OHSU Digital Commons · doi:10.6083/m4wd3xkz · Cited by 1
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in the Community and in Outpatient Consultation
Cella, A. (2017) · Practical issues in geriatrics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62503-4_6 · Cited by 1
Cascarini, L., Schilling, C., Gurney, B., & Brennan, P. A. (2018) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198767817.003.0004 · Cited by 1
Choi, B. (2019) · Physical Therapy Korea · doi:10.12674/ptk.2019.26.3.106 · Cited by 1
Präventive Hausbesuche – ein Konzept für die Zukunft?
Blotenberg, B., Hejna, U., Büscher, A., & Seeling, S. (2020) · Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung · doi:10.1007/s11553-019-00753-0 · Cited by 1
A cohort study of the effects of multidisciplinary in-patient primary care in older adults
Jørgensen, M. G., Rodrigo-Domingo, M., Andersen, S., Riis, J., Jakobsen, D. B., Lerche, M., Hostrup, H., & Andreasen, J. (2020) · European Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1007/s41999-020-00321-2 · Cited by 1
Frailty & late-life depression: a delicate balance
Collard, R. M. (2015) · Radboud Repository (Radboud University) · Cited by 1
Function and Frailty: The Cornerstones of Geriatric Assessment
Moorhouse, P., & Rockwood, K. J. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118281796.ch1 · Cited by 1
Gordon, A. L. (2015) · Future Hospital Journal · doi:10.7861/futurehosp.2-3-180 · Cited by 1
Barenfeld, E. (2016) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University) · Cited by 1
de Oliveira, M. R. (2013) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) · Cited by 1
Rajapakse, S. R. B. (2018) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.122963 · Cited by 1
Health Risks in the Way of Sustainable Development
Sarkar, S. D. (2019) · Encyclopedia of the UN sustainable development goals · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95681-7_34 · Cited by 1
Mishra, A. K. (2021) · MOspace Institutional Repository (University of Missouri) · doi:10.32469/10355/90073 · Cited by 1
Martínez‐Velilla, N., & Buurman, B. M. (2023) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-023-1936-7 · Cited by 1
Preventive Interventions: Overview
Avlund, K., & Vass, M. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-75424-6_50
Geriatric Assessment for the Hospitalist
Williams, B. C. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118674963.ch3
Kuria, E. (2013) · Theseus (Ammattikorkeakoulujen)
Preventive home visits for 75 year-old persons by the district nurse
Sherman, H. (2012) · Figshare
Transitional Care in a Nursing Home
Toles, M. (2011) · DukeSpace (Duke University)
Costantini, J. R. J. (2012) · doi:10.14201/gredos.115555
Heppenstall, C. P. (2011) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)
Preventive Home Visits to the Elderly and Education of Home Visitors preventive home visits
Avlund, K., & Vass, M. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-75424-6_52
Fall prevention among people who have sustained an injurious fall : a multidisciplinary appraoch
Bleijlevens, M. H. C. (2010) · doi:10.26481/dis.20100416mb
Proactieve zorg bij kwetsbare ouderen in de huisartsenpraktijk
de Jong, B., & ten Dam, H. (2013) · Bijblijven · doi:10.1007/s12414-013-0042-x
Proceed with caution: authors’ response
Beales, D., & Tulloch, A. (2014) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp14x677419
Are Occupational Therapists Still Worth Their Weight in Gold?
Legg, L. A., Coupar, F., & Kerr, G. D. (2008) · Aging Health · doi:10.2217/1745509x.4.4.337
Preventive care programmes keep people active and independent for longer
Tulloch, A., & Beales, D. (2013) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.f4874
Newbury, J. (2014) · Australian Journal on Ageing · doi:10.1111/ajag.12067
Bartley, G., Boyce, M., Heuzenroeder, L., Forward, J., Hales, K. H., Halliday, D., & Lawton, T. (2013)
VELFERDSTEKNOLOGI, TIL GLEDE ELLER BESVÆR?
Moe, C. E., & Nilsen, G. S. (2015)
Äldrevårdsmottagningar-mot en ökad trygghet för den äldre i vården
Nylén, S., & Berghell, L. (2015) · Lund University Publications Student Papers (Lund University)
Johansen, I. (2013) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Analysis of the physical activity of primary school teachers
Skyriene, V., J.J., G., & Margeliene, N. (2013) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.749692
Stay strong, live long: an individualised home-based exercise programme for older women
Ruocco, V. G. (2013) · University of Bedfordshire Repository (University of Bedfordshire)
RESEARCH ARTICLE Physical frailty: vulnerability of patients suffering from late-life depression
Collard, R. M., Comijs, H. C., Naarding, P., & Voshaar, R. C. O. (2013)
Skancke, R. H. (2014) · BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway))
Guirguis‐Blake, J., Wolff, T., Crichlow, R., Wilson, J. E., & Meyers, D. S. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-1160-8.10006-5
Figueroa, R. (2015) · Family Medicine & Medical Science Research · doi:10.4172/2327-4972.1000167
Whose assessment is it anyway?
Byles, J. (2016) · Australian Journal on Ageing · doi:10.1111/ajag.12327
Falls, fall sequelae, and healthcare use in the community dwelling elderly with a history of cancer
Spoelstra, S. (2010) · Michigan State University Libraries · doi:10.25335/6zz0-th61
Dietary and Hormonal Factors in Relation to Physical Function
Hagan, K. A. (2016) · Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)
Fukuda, M., Koga, H., Ohno, H., Ogawa, K., Yang, B., Miyamoto, J., Tomono, K., & KOHNO, S. (1997) · PubMed
Metadata
- Authors
- Beswick, A. D., Rees, K., Dieppe, P., Ayis, S., Gooberman-Hill, R., Horwood, J., & Ebrahim, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Beswick, Andrew D
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-03
- Volume
- 371
- Issue
- 9614
- Pages
- 725-735
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- PMC
- PMC2262920
- OpenAlex
- W2123193855
- Cited by
- 780
- References
- 118
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 65 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 57 · 2012: 48
- FWCI
- 3.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway)) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Keywords
- complex interventions, multifactorial intervention, physical function, independent living, older adults, community-based intervention, nursing home admission, hospitalization, falls, mortality
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Health Status, Humans, Mortality, Patient Discharge, Risk, Geriatric Assessment, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Frail Elderly, Housing for the Elderly, Community Networks
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
