Long-term risk of epilepsy after traumatic brain injury in children and young adults: a population-based cohort study
Abstract
Background The risk of epilepsy shortly after traumatic brain injury is high, but how long this high risk lasts is unknown. We aimed to assess the risk of epilepsy up to 10 years or longer after traumatic brain injury, taking into account sex, age, severity, and family history. Methods We identified 1 605 216 people born in Denmark (1977-2002) from the Civil Registration System. We obtained information on traumatic brain injury and epilepsy from the National Hospital Register and estimated relative risks (RR) with Poisson analyses. Findings Risk of epilepsy was increased after a mild brain injury (RR 2.22, 95% CI 2.07-2.38), severe brain injury (7.40, 6.16-8.89), and skull fracture (2.17, 1.73-2.71). The risk was increased more than 10 years after mild brain injury (1.51, 1.24-1.85), severe brain injury (4.29, 2.04-9.00), and skull fracture (2.06, 1.37-3.11). RR increased with age at mild and severe injury and was especially high among people older than 15 years of age with mild (3.51, 2.90-4.26) and severe (12.24, 8.52-17.57) injury. The risk was slightly higher in women (2.49, 2.25-2.76) than in men (2.01, 1.83-2.22). Patients with a family history of epilepsy had a notably high risk of epilepsy after mild (5.75, 4.56-7.27) and severe brain injury (10.09, 4.20-24.26). Interpretation The longlasting high risk of epilepsy after brain injury might provide a window for prevention of post-traumatic epilepsy.
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The reported prevalence of PTE ranges widely from 1.3% to 53.3%, possibly depending on the severity of the initial TBI.
“The actual prevalence of PTE has been studied for decades and reported with wide-ranging figures from 1.3% to 53.3% [7,8,9], which might depend on the severity of the initial TBI.”
From Impact of a Prison-Based Religious Program on Mental Health State and Aggression Level Among Female Inmates (2019) · cites this paper as [9]
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- Authors
- Christensen, J., Pedersen, M. G., Pedersen, C. B., Sidenius, P., Olsen, J., & Vestergaard, M.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Aarhus University Hospital (DK)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Christensen, Jakob
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 373
- Issue
- 9669
- Pages
- 1105-1110
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W2154289778
- Cited by
- 379
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 14.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2009-06-06)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Epilepsy research and treatment
- Keywords
- post-traumatic epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, long-term risk, mild traumatic brain injury, severe traumatic brain injury, skull fracture, family history of epilepsy, sex differences, age at injury, children and young adults
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Brain Injuries, Child, Child, Preschool, Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic, Female, Humans, Male, Skull Fractures, Time Factors
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