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Increase in state suicide rates in the USA during economic recession
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“past economic recessions have witnessed increased rates of common mental disorders and suicidal behavior in other global regions [44, 50].”
From Psychiatric symptoms, risk, and protective factors among university students in quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic in China (2021) · cites this paper as [50]
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Excess suicides and attempted suicides in Italy attributable to the great recession
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The Great Recession in Portugal: Impact on hospital care use
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“[8] Reeves A, Stuckler D, McKee M, Gunnell D, Chang S-S, Basu S. Increase in state suicide rates in the USA during economic recession.”
BackgroundChang, T., & Chen, W. (2017) · Economic Systems · doi:10.1016/j.ecosys.2016.06.004 · Cited by 36
Common Mental Disorders and Economic Uncertainty: Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic in the U.S.
Tham, W. W., Sojli, E., Bryant, R. A., & McAleer, M. J. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0260726 · Cited by 38
“Our findings support and complement previous results that economic downturns are related to deteriorating mental health [13, 25, 26].”
BackgroundResultCrisis, suicide and labour productivity losses in Spain
Rivera, B., Casal, B., & Currais, L. (2016) · The European Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1007/s10198-015-0760-3 · Cited by 34
Possible delayed effect of unemployment on suicidal rates: the case of Hungary
Fountoulakis, K. Ν., Gonda, X., Döme, P., Theodorakis, P. N., & Rihmer, Z. (2014) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1744-859x-13-12 · Cited by 33
“At the same time, we should bear in mind that these studies are ecological (with obvious shortcomings) and also that the interpretations of the raw data are somewhat conflicting [6,9,11-13].”
BackgroundSuicides as a response to adverse market sentiment (1980-2016)
Agrrawal, P., Waggle, D., & Sandweiss, D. H. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186913 · Cited by 32
Fountoulakis, K. Ν. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.001 · Cited by 33
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“For example, while an extensive literature shows that economic conditions are often associated with worse health [9-12] or suicide [13-18], a spike in suicides cannot always”
BackgroundTraumatic Brain Injury and Suicidal Behavior: A Review
Wadhawan, A., Stiller, J. W., Potocki, E., Okusaga, O. O., Dagdag, A., Lowry, C. A., Benros, M. E., & Postolache, T. T. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-181055 · Cited by 40
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“In the case of COVID-19, another prominent factor is the economic fallout that has resulted in uncertainty and loss of employment for millions of people; this type of economic uncertainty can increase suicide, depression, and anxiety disorders [19,20].”
BackgroundSun, S., Goldberg, S. B., Lin, D., Qiao, S., & Operario, D. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.07.03.20144931 · Cited by 33
Tendencias de la mortalidad por suicidio en España, 1980-2016
Cayuela, A., Cayuela, L., Gayango, A. S., Rodríguez‐Domínguez, S., Uceda, F. J. P., & Quiles, A. A. V. (2018) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental · doi:10.1016/j.rpsm.2018.07.002 · Cited by 31
Economic crises and suicides between 1970 and 2011: time trend study in 21 developed countries
Huikari, S., Miettunen, J., & Korhonen, M. (2019) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2018-210781 · Cited by 34
The COVID-19 pandemic and epidemiologic insights from recession-related suicide mortality
Bastiampillai, T. J., Allison, S. C., Looi, J. C., Licinio, J., Wong, M., & Perry, S. W. (2020) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-020-00875-4 · Cited by 31
“99% increase in suicide rates at the state level [9].”
BackgroundCorrigan, C., Duke, G. J., Millar, J., Paul, E. M., Butt, W. W., Gordon, M., Coleman, J., Pilcher, D. V., Oberender, F., Ganeshalingam, A., et al. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.11692 · Cited by 35
The Changing Relationship Between Unemployment and Suicide
DeFina, R. H., & Hannon, L. (2014) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12116 · Cited by 31
“The evidence on whether the size of the trend deviation is correlated with the rise in the unemployment rate is more limited and conflicting (Chang et al., 2013; Reeves et al., 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialEconomic recession and suicide
Hawton, K., & Haw, C. (2013) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.f5612 · Cited by 32
Unemployment as a Risk Factor for Completed Suicide: A Psychological Autopsy Study
Pompili, M., Innamorati, M., Vittorio, C. D., Baratta, S., Masotti, V., Badaracco, A., Wong, P. W. C., Lester, D., YIP, P. S. F., Girardi, P., et al. (2014) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2013.803449 · Cited by 31
Suicide Risk and the Economic Crisis: An Exploratory Analysis of the Case of Milan
Merzagora, I., Mugellini, G., Amadasi, A., & Travaini, G. V. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166244 · Cited by 30
“[8], Italy [3] and the United States [9] also revealed significant increases in suicide rates between 2008 and 2010.”
BackgroundWilliams, C., Gilbert, B. J., Zeltner, T. B., Watkins, J. A., Atun, R. A., & Maruthappu, M. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007546 · Cited by 30
Menculini, G., Tortorella, A. A. V., Albert, U., Carmassi, C., Carrà, G., Cirulli, F., Dell’Osso, B. M., Luciano, M., Nanni, M. G., Pompili, M., et al. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11111413 · Cited by 28
Effect of economic crisis on suicide cases: An ARDL bounds testing approach
Demirci, Ş., Konca, M., Yetim, B., & İlgün, G. (2019) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764019879946 · Cited by 29
“Similar to this study, the study by Reeves et al. (2012) conducted in the United States showed that there has been an increase in the whole country after the economic crisis of 2008.”
ResultTemporal Trends of Suicide Mortality in Mainland China: Results from the Age-Period-Cohort Framework
Wang, Z., Wang, J., Bao, J., Gao, X., Yu, C., & Xiang, H. (2016) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph13080784 · Cited by 27
“The most possible factor that could influence suicide rates is the economic conditions [49,50].”
BackgroundSuicide, unemployment, and economic recession in Spain
García, C. I., Sáiz, P. A., Burón, P., Lasheras, F. S., Jiménez-Treviño, L., Fernández‐Artamendi, S., Al‐Halabí, S., Corcoran, P. E., García‐Portilla, M. P., & Bobes, J. (2017) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rpsmen.2017.03.001 · Cited by 28
Fountoulakis, K. Ν. (2016) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.171785 · Cited by 27
Projected Deaths of Despair from COVID-19
Petterson, S. M., Westfall, J. M., & Miller, B. F. (2020) · Cited by 26
Police killings and suicide among Black Americans
Kyriopoulos, I., Vandoros, S., & Kawachi, I. I. (2022) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114964 · Cited by 30
Talamonti, D., Schneider, J., Gibson, B., & Forshaw, M. J. (2023) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2023.2278104 · Cited by 34
“…especially among men and in countries where unemployment or average income was already low—(e.g. Antonakakis & Collins, 2014; Milner et al., 2014; Reeves et al., 2012), economic distress (Economou et al., 2011), reductions in government expenditure (such as fiscal austerity measures)…”
Risk, Hope and Recovery: Converging Paradigms for Mental Health Approaches with Suicidal Clients
Heller, N. R. (2014) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcu007 · Cited by 25
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Can Government Responses to Unemployment Reduce the Impact of Unemployment on Suicide?
Shand, F., Duffy, L., & Torok, M. H. (2021) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000750 · Cited by 25
Arif, A. A., Adeyemi, O. J., Laditka, S. B., Laditka, J. N., & Borders, T. F. (2021) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.23287 · Cited by 25
Desemprego e suicídio na população brasileira em um cenário de crise do capitalismo
Barreto, A. Â. M., & de Souza, L. E. P. F. (2021) · Ciência & Saúde Coletiva · doi:10.1590/1413-812320212612.14672021 · Cited by 26
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“…in 2007, many recent studies have tried to evaluate the impact of economic crises on suicide (Barr, Taylor-Robinson, Scott-Samuel, McKee, & Stuckler, 2012; Baumbach & Gulis, 2014; Chang, Stuckler, Yip, & Gunnell, 2013; Coope et al., 2014; Phillips & Nugent, 2014; Reeves et al., 2012, 2015).”
ResultThe Great Divide: Education, Despair and Death
Case, A. C., & Deaton, A. (2021) · Annual Review of Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-051520-015607 · Cited by 41
The macro-economic determinants of health and health inequalities—umbrella review protocol
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“Category 5: labour Firm governance, structure, ownership, behavior, Trade unions, employment, unemployment, minimum wage, labor force size and structure Unemployment and suicide [29]”
BackgroundKonstantakopoulos, G., Pikouli, K., Ploumpidis, D., Bougonikolou, E., Kouyanou, K., Nystazaki, M., & Economou, M. P. (2020) · Psychiatriki · doi:10.22365/jpsych.2019.304.281 · Cited by 25
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“, 2002; Pinchevsky & Wright, 2012), suicide (Luo et al., 2011; Reeves et al., 2012), sexual violence (Coker, Smith, McKeown, & King, 2000), and youth violence (Wilson, 2011).”
ResultDo stock prices drive people crazy?
Lin, C.-L., Chen, C., & Liu, T. (2014) · Health Policy and Planning · doi:10.1093/heapol/czu007 · Cited by 23
“2002) and suicide (Reeves et al. 2012).”
Bálint, L., Döme, P., Daróczi, G., Gonda, X., & Rihmer, Z. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.047 · Cited by 24
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“Apart from celebrity suicides, others have shown that suicides are triggered by unexpected events such as economic crises (Kondo and Oh 2010; Morrell et al. 1993; Reeves et al. 2012; Reeves and Stuckler 2016; Stuckler et al. 2009) or the collapse of Soviet communism and the rapid economic and societal transitions that…”
BackgroundSuicide, recession, and unemployment
Stankūnas, M., Lindert, J., Avery, M. J., & Sorensen, R. J. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60572-3 · Cited by 22
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An empirical investigation of the relationship between business performance and suicide in the US
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Globalization and Neoliberalism: Structural Determinants of Global Mental Health?
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Suicide Distribution and Trends Among Male Older Adults in the U.S., 1999–2018
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“Studies conducted in several countries have documented increased suicide rates due to economic crisis and other social strains (Barr et al., 2012; Kentikelenis et al., 2011; Reeves et al., 2012; Stuckler et al., 2011).”
BackgroundCondorelli, R. (2016) · SpringerPlus · doi:10.1186/s40064-016-1799-z · Cited by 24
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Sáiz, P. A., & Bobes, J. (2014) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rpsmen.2014.02.005 · Cited by 22
Socioeconomic Disparities in Smoking Among U.S. Adults With Depression, 2005–2014
Weinberger, A. H., Bandiera, F. C., Leventhal, A. M., Dierker, L., Gbedemah, M., Tidey, J. W., & Goodwin, R. D. (2018) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2018.02.008 · Cited by 20
The causes and health effects of the Great Recession: from neoliberalism to ‘healthy de-growth’
Vogli, R. D., & Owusu, J. T. (2014) · Critical Public Health · doi:10.1080/09581596.2014.957164 · Cited by 19
“A study conducted by Reeves et al. (2012) estimated that during the recessionary period after 2007, there were an estimated 4750 excess suicide deaths in the US.”
BackgroundCollins, A., Cox, A., Kizys, R., Haynes, F., Machin, S., & Sampson, B. (2019) · The Social Science Journal · doi:10.1016/j.soscij.2019.04.001 · Cited by 19
“Many other studies explore the linkages empirically primarily using time-series data sources in a variety of country contexts (see, for example, Reeves et al., 2012; Lopez Bernal, Gasparrini, Artundo, & McKee, 2013; Antonakakis & Collins, 2014, 2015).”
BackgroundSocial determinants and mental health
Bell, R., & Marmot, M. G. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198861478.003.0020 · Cited by 21
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“Original Article J Epidemiol 2021;31(9):511-517”
Role of Firearm Ownership on 2001–2016 Trends in U.S. Firearm Suicide Rates
Martínez‐Alés, G., Gimbrone, C., Rutherford, C. G., Kandula, S., Olfson, M., Gould, M. S., Shaman, J. L., & Keyes, K. M. (2021) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2021.05.026 · Cited by 19
Comparing mortality from covid-19 to mortality due to overdose: A micromort analysis
Lee, Y. L., Lui, L. M. W., Brietzke, E. M., Liao, Y., Lu, C., Ho, R., Subramaniapillai, M., Mansur, R. B., Rosenblat, J. D., & McIntyre, R. S. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.059 · Cited by 21
A Brief Analysis of Suicide Methods and Trends in Virginia from 2003 to 2012
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“One reason for the national increase in suicide in middle-aged adults has been the economic recession [50].”
BackgroundSuicide, recession, and unemployment
Rihmer, Z., Kapitány, B., Gonda, X., & Döme, P. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60575-9 · Cited by 18
Risk factors for suicidality among college students: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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“socioeconomic groups [41, 42, 45], but it is not clear how this would apply to highly educated men.”
BackgroundThe effect of local unemployment on health: A longitudinal study of Irish mothers 2001-2011
Briody, J., Doyle, O., & Kelleher, C. C. (2020) · Economics & Human Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100859 · Cited by 17
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“, 2014), the USA (Reeves et al., 2012), Greece (Vlachadis et al.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSuicide, Mental Disorders, and the US Military
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“Given what is known about the hugely damaging impact of previous economic downturns on suicide rates (Barr et al ., 2012; Reeves et al ., 2012), the looming threat of recession in many countries globally, and its potential for widening existing inequities in suicide risk, is particularly concerning.”
BackgroundSelf-citationZilidis, C., Stückler, D., & McKee, M. (2020) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckaa058 · Cited by 16
Self-citationNo evidence of increase in suicide in Greece during the first wave of Covid-19.
Vandoros, S., Theodorikakou, O., Katsadoros, K., Zafeiropoulou, D., & Kawachi, I. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.11.13.20231571 · Cited by 15
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Changes in household debt due to COVID-19 and mental health concerns among adults in Ontario, Canada
Nigatu, Y. T., Elton‐Marshall, T., & Hamilton, H. A. (2022) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640221136795 · Cited by 15
“During previous economic crises, unexpected changes in economic security have been reported to be associated with higher rates of completed suicide (Reeves et al., 2012; Stuckler et al., 2009).”
BackgroundSelf-harm, Assault, and Undetermined Intent Injuries Among Pediatric Emergency Department Visits
Ballard, E. D., Kalb, L. G., Vasa, R. A., Goldstein, M. A., & Wilcox, H. C. (2015) · Pediatric Emergency Care · doi:10.1097/pec.0000000000000627 · Cited by 15
“The same level of progress has not been achieved for intentional injury such as suicide and child maltreatment, both of which may actually have increased with the recent economic depression.(6,7) A recent study indicates that youths who visit the emergency department (ED) for injury are”
BackgroundUnemployment and Mental Health
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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide mortality in Spain: Differences by sex and age
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Suicide rate trends in the Slovak Republic in 1993–2015
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“These trends are attributed to the world economic crisis (Baumbach & Gulis, 2014; Chang et al., 2013) and are observed in several European countries, as well as in the United States (Harper, Charters, Strumpf, Galea, & Nandi, 2015; Reeves et al., 2012; Stuckler, Basu, Suhrcke, Coutts, & McKee, 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialWu, Y., Su, B., Zhong, P., Wang, Y., Huang, Y., & Zheng, X. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18743-z · Cited by 13
“This could be primarily attributable to the escalating aging population [39], increased workforce migration [40], the issue of left-behind children and the elderly in rural areas [39, 41] and the global economic recession [42, 43].”
BackgroundManning, J. F. (2015) · Dilemas - Revista de Estudos de Conflito e Controle Social · Cited by 13
Effects of graduating during economic downturns on mental health
Li, A., & Toll, M. (2021) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.12.005 · Cited by 13
Effects of the Great Recession on suicide mortality in Chile and contributing factors
Baeza, F., González, F., Benmarhnia, T., & Vives, A. (2022) · SSM - Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100104 · Cited by 13
Sengupta, D. (2020) · Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology · doi:10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11462 · Cited by 10
ROUVAS, A. A., Chatziralli, I., Ladas, I. D., Xanthopoulou, V., Giannakaki, E., Karamboula, A., Galanis, D., Datseris, I., Alonistiotis, D. A., Diamanti, R., et al. (2013) · European Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.5301/ejo.5000403 · Cited by 12
The Economic Crisis and Acute Myocardial Infarction: New Evidence Using Hospital-Level Data
Torbica, A., Maggioni, A. P., & Ghislandi, S. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142810 · Cited by 12
“Our results reinforce the body of evidence in the literature that suggests “this time is different”, by showing that the present and ongoing crisis has an impact beyond well-known variables such as suicides [4, 23, 24], HIV [25] or health behaviors and preventive activities [26, 27].”
ResultRisk of suicide in households threatened with eviction: the role of banks and social support
Mateo‐Rodríguez, I., Miccoli, L., Daponte, A., Bolívar-Muñoz, J., Espinosa, C. E., Fernández‐Santaella, M. C., Vila, J., Robles‐Ortega, H., Mata, J. L., & Solano, M. B. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7548-9 · Cited by 13
Suicide mortality trends in Spain, 1980-2016
Cayuela, A., Cayuela, L., Gayango, A. S., Rodríguez‐Domínguez, S., Uceda, F. J. P., & Quiles, A. A. V. (2020) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rpsmen.2020.07.001 · Cited by 12
Suicide mortality trends in Galicia, Spain and their relationship with economic indicators
Fernández‐Navarro, P., Barrigón, M. L., López‐Castromán, J., Sanchez-Alonso, M., Páramo, M., Serrano, M., Arrojo, M., & Baca‐García, E. (2015) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796015000773 · Cited by 14
“Since then, there is continuous debate on the subject (Reeves et al. 2012, 2013; Ayuso-Mateos et al. 2013; Karanikolos et al. 2013; Rihmer et al. 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialExamining Multidimensional Inequality and Deprivation in Britain Using the Capability Approach
Vizard, P., & Speed, L. (2015) · Forum for Social Economics · doi:10.1080/07360932.2014.997267 · Cited by 14
“The upturn in suicides in Greece after 2007 is examined in Kentikelenis et al. (2011) and Karanikolos et al. (2013), whilst Reeves et al. (2012) identify an acceleration in the previous (pre-crisis) upward trend in the suicide rate in theUSA in the post-recession”
Goto, H., Kawachi, I. I., & Vandoros, S. (2024) · The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101069 · Cited by 11
Developmental timing of suicide attempts and cardiovascular risk during young adulthood.
Shanahan, L., Schorpp, K., Volpe, V. V., Linthicum, K. P., & Freeman, J. A. (2016) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000373 · Cited by 11
“Keywords Add Health; cardiovascular risk; inflammation; sex differences; suicide attempt Suicide attempts were on the rise in the recent decade of economic downturn in the United States (e.g., Reeves et al., 2012).”
BackgroundPrados-Ojeda, J. L., Gordillo-Urbano, R. M., Carrillo-Pérez, T., Vázquez-Calvo, A., Herrera-Cortés, M. A., Carreño-Ruiz, M. Á., & Font, P. (2021) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2021.1887023 · Cited by 11
Langhammer, T., Hilbert, K., Praxl, B., Kirschbaum, C., Ertle, A., Asbrand, J., & Lueken, U. (2021) · Mental Health & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.mhp.2021.200221 · Cited by 12
Simon, D. H., & Masters, R. K. (2024) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/00221465231223723 · Cited by 12
“…well-being, with research documenting strong pro-cyclical links between economic hardship and suicide risk (Oyesanya, Lopez-Morinigo, and Dutta 2015) and evidence documenting suicide increases during the Great Recession (Harper and Bruckner 2017; Phillips and Nugent 2014; Reeves et al. 2012).”
Oishi, S., & Choi, H. P. (2017) · Advances in motivation science · doi:10.1016/bs.adms.2017.02.004 · Cited by 13
Loureiro, A., Almendra, R., da Costa, C. H., & Santana, P. (2018) · Acta Médica Portuguesa · doi:10.20344/amp.9423 · Cited by 16
Suicide, recession, and unemployment – Authors' reply
Reeves, A., Stückler, D., McKee, M., Gunnell, D., Chang, S., & Basu, S. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60574-7 · Cited by 11
Self-citationThree further ways that the COVID-19 pandemic will affect health outcomes
Watkins, J. A., & Wulaningsih, W. (2020) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s00038-020-01383-6 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Reeves, A., Stuckler, D., McKee, M., Gunnell, D., Chang, S.-S., & Basu, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Reeves, Aaron
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-11
- Volume
- 380
- Issue
- 9856
- Pages
- 1813-1814
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W1969568002
- Cited by
- 347
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 34.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (publishedVersion)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (RP-PG-0610-10026)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Employment and Welfare Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- suicide rates, economic recession, mental health, excess mortality, United States
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Suicide, Unemployment, United States, Economic Recession
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