The DOI matches its Crossref record; 104 of the 104 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
LDL cholesterol: controversies and future therapeutic directions
Abstract
Lifelong exposure to raised concentrations of LDL cholesterol increases cardiovascular event rates, and the use of statin therapy as an adjunct to diet, exercise, and smoking cessation has proven highly effective in reducing the population burden associated with hyperlipidaemia. Yet, despite consistent biological, genetic, and epidemiological data, and evidence from randomised trials, there is controversy among national guidelines and clinical practice with regard to LDL cholesterol, its measurement, the usefulness of population-based screening, the net benefit-to-risk ratio for different LDL-lowering drugs, the benefit of treatment targets, and whether aggressive lowering of LDL is safe. Several novel therapies have been introduced for the treatment of people with genetic defects that result in loss of function within the LDL receptor, a major determinant of inherited hyperlipidaemias. Moreover, the usefulness of monoclonal antibodies that extend the LDL-receptor lifecycle (and thus result in substantial lowering of LDL cholesterol below the levels achieved with statins alone) is being assessed in phase 3 trials that will enrol more than 60,000 at-risk patients worldwide. These trials represent an exceptionally rapid translation of genetic observations into clinical practice and will address core questions of how low LDL cholesterol can be safely reduced, whether the mechanism of LDL-cholesterol lowering matters, and whether ever more aggressive lipid-lowering provides a safe, long-term mechanism to prevent atherothrombotic complications.
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“However, their hepatotoxicity, high cost, inconvenience, and a general lack of availability outside the tertiary referral centers imply that their use is limited [10].”
From Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins (2017) · cites this paper as [10]
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Cites
Rosuvastatin to Prevent Vascular Events in Men and Women with Elevated C-Reactive Protein
Ridker, P. M., Danielson, E., Fonseca, F. A. H., Genest, J., Gotto, A. M., Kastelein, J. J. P., Koenig, W., Libby, P., Lorenzatti, A. J., MacFadyen, J. G., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0807646 · Cited by 6,674
Self-citationCholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaboration (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61350-5 · Cited by 6,550
Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine.
(1984) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-101-3-415_3 · Cited by 4,119
NLRP3 inflammasomes are required for atherogenesis and activated by cholesterol crystals
Duewell, P., Kono, H., Rayner, K. J., Sirois, C. M., Vladimer, G., Bauernfeind, F. G., Abela, G. S., Franchi, L., Nuñez, G., Schnurr, M., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08938 · Cited by 4,026
Colhoun, H. M., Betteridge, D. J., Durrington, P. N., Hitman, G. A., W Neil, H. A., Livingstone, S. J., Thomason, M. J., Mackness, M. I., Charlton-Menys, V., & Fuller, J. H. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16895-5 · Cited by 3,755
Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine
Mann, D. L., Zipes, D. P., Libby, P., Bonow, R. O., & D, E. B. M. (2011) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,745
Rosuvastatin to Prevent Vascular Events in Men and Women With Elevated C-Reactive Protein
Ridker, P. M., Danielson, E., Fonseca, F. A. H., Genest, J. J., Gotto, A. M., Kastelein, J. J. P., Köenig, W., Libby, P., Lorenzatti, A. J., MacFadyen, J. G., et al. (2009) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/01.ogx.0000344393.60303.0a · Cited by 3,641
Self-citationSequence Variations in PCSK9, Low LDL, and Protection against Coronary Heart Disease
Cohen, J. C., Boerwinkle, E., Mosley, T. H., & Hobbs, H. H. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa054013 · Cited by 3,181
Effects of torcetrapib in patients at high risk for coronary events
Barter, P. J., Caulfield, M., Eriksson, M., Grundy, S. M., Kastelein, J. J. P., Komajda, M., Lopez-Sendon, J., Mosca, L., Tardif, J.-C., Waters, D. D., et al. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0706628 · Cited by 3,139
Cited by
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Strategies to increase nitric oxide signalling in cardiovascular disease
Lundberg, J. O., Gladwin, M. T., & Weitzberg, E. (2015) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd4623 · Cited by 576
Saturated Fat Consumption and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Ischemic Stroke: A Science Update
Nettleton, J. A., Brouwer, I. A., Geleijnse, J. M., & Hornstra, G. (2017) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000455681 · Cited by 525
Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins
Wang, Y., & Xu, D. (2017) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-017-0515-5 · Cited by 436
“However, their hepatotoxicity, high cost, inconvenience, and a general lack of availability outside the tertiary referral centers imply that their use is limited [10].”
BackgroundDyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease risk among the MASHAD study population
Hedayatnia, M., Asadi, Z., Zare‐Feyzabadi, R., Yaghooti‐Khorasani, M., Ghazizadeh, H., Zirak, R. G., Tirkani, A. N., Mohammadi‐Bajgiran, M., Rohban, M., Sadabadi, F., et al. (2020) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-020-01204-y · Cited by 406
Wang, F., Zheng, J., Yang, B., Jiang, J., Fu, Y., & Li, D. (2015) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.115.002408 · Cited by 340
Metadata
- Authors
- Ridker, P. M.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ridker, Paul M
- ORCID
- Ridker, Paul M
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-08
- Volume
- 384
- Issue
- 9943
- Pages
- 607-617
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W2058652637
- Cited by
- 274
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 6.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- LDL cholesterol, hyperlipidemia, statin therapy, LDL receptor, PCSK9 inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, LDL cholesterol measurement, mass screening, treatment goals, cardiovascular risk, atherothrombotic complications
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Hypolipidemic Agents, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Cholesterol, LDL, Risk Factors, Risk Assessment, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
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