The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression
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“Among them, IL-6 is a major player in chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, cancer and cytokine storm (1, 3, 10–26).”
From IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Consistent with the notion that severe COVID-19 is a cytokine storm syndrome (12–17, 336), the severity of COVID-19 is associated with an increased level of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and TNFα (333, 337).”
From IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“ARDS in COVID-19 is considered the result of cytokine storm (12–17), resembling the disease caused by SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (335).”
From IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Therefore, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 infection activate both NF-κB and STAT3, key elements of the IL-6 Amp, to cause cytokine storm (12, 13, 15, 349, 350).”
From IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“EPA and DHA can lower triglycerides which help to lower the risk of developing cytokine storms (Mehta et al. 2020).”
From Production of microalgae with high lipid content and their potential as sources of nutraceuticals (2023) · cites this paper as Mehta et al. 2020
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In the citing paper
“COVID-19 induces a robust immune response characterized by a hyperinflammatory state with high levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α CXCL10, and CCL2 (Mehta et al., 2020, Ye et al., 2020).”
From Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up (2021) · cites this paper as Mehta et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is frequently associated with hyperinflammation and hyperferritinemia.”
In the citing paper
“The latter is related to increased mortality in COVID-19.”
In the citing paper
“One of these features is the frequent emergence of disturbances of iron homeostasis in COVID-19, most prominently reflected by the high incidence of hyperferritinemia [1, 14, 28].”
In the citing paper
“This mechanism may contribute to uncontrolled cytokine release, as found during the COVID-19 associated “cytokine storm”, as well [1].”
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Citations
Cites
Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
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Clinical evidence does not support corticosteroid treatment for 2019-nCoV lung injury
Russell, C. D., Millar, J. E., & Baillie, J. K. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30317-2 · Cited by 2,040
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Baricitinib as potential treatment for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease
Richardson, P., Griffin, I., Tucker, C., Smith, D., Oechsle, O., Phelan, A., Rawling, M., Savory, E., & Stebbing, J. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30304-4 · Cited by 1,456
Adult haemophagocytic syndrome
Ramos‐Casals, M., Brito‐Zerón, P., López‐Guillermo, A., Khamashta, M. A., & Bosch, X. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61048-x · Cited by 1,445
Shakoory, B., Carcillo, J. A., Chatham, W. W., Amdur, R. L., Zhao, H., Dinarello, C. A., Cron, R. Q., & Opal, S. M. (2016) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000001402 · Cited by 867
Ortiz-Prado, E., Simbaña-Rivera, K., Gómez- Barreno, L., Rubio-Neira, M., Guaman, L. P., Kyriakidis, N. C., Muslin, C., Jaramillo, A. M. G., Barba-Ostria, C., Cevallos-Robalino, D., et al. (2020) · Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115094 · Cited by 458
Macrophage Activation-Like Syndrome: A Distinct Entity Leading to Early Death in Sepsis
Karakike, E., & Giamarellos‐Bourboulis, E. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00055 · Cited by 304
Pulmonary Involvement in Patients With Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Seguin, A., Galicier, L., Boutboul, D., Lemiale, V., & Azoulay, É. (2016) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.004 · Cited by 151
Histiocytic hyperplasia with hemophagocytosis and acute alveolar damage in COVID-19 infection
Prieto-Pérez, L., Fortes, J., Soto, C., González, Á. V., Alonso, M., Lafarga, M., Cortti, M. J., Lázaro‐García, A., Pérez‐Tanoira, R., Tráscasa, Á., et al. (2020) · Modern Pathology · doi:10.1038/s41379-020-0613-1 · Cited by 89
Neri, P., Lamperti, M., & Pichi, F. (2020) · International Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/s10792-020-01495-1 · Cited by 18
Chai, A., Philip, J., Crank, S., et al. (2020) · British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.05.005 · Cited by 1
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Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19
Gupta, A., Madhavan, M. V., Sehgal, K., Nair, N., Mahajan, S., Sehrawat, T. S., Bikdeli, B., Ahluwalia, N., Ausiello, J. C., Wan, E. Y., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0968-3 · Cited by 3,185
Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients
Hadjadj, J., Yatim, N., Barnabei, L., Corneau, A., Boussier, J., Smith, N., Péré, H., Charbit, B., Bondet, V., Chenevier-Gobeaux, C., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abc6027 · Cited by 2,984
An inflammatory cytokine signature predicts COVID-19 severity and survival
Del Valle, D. M., Kim-Schulze, S., Huang, H.-H., Beckmann, N. D., Nirenberg, S., Wang, B., Lavin, Y., Swartz, T. H., Madduri, D., Stock, A., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-1051-9 · Cited by 2,605
Rogers, J. P., Chesney, E., Oliver, D., Pollak, T. A., McGuire, P., Fusar-Poli, P., Zandi, M. S., Lewis, G., & David, A. S. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30203-0 · Cited by 2,407
Pathological inflammation in patients with COVID-19: a key role for monocytes and macrophages
Merad, M., & Martin, J. C. (2020) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-020-0331-4 · Cited by 2,472
Metadata
- Authors
- Mehta, P., McAuley, D. F., Brown, M., Sanchez, E., Tattersall, R. S., & Manson, J. J.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Queen's University Belfast (GB)
- University College Hospital (GB)
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Manson, Jessica J
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-03
- Volume
- 395
- Issue
- 10229
- Pages
- 1033-1034
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- PMC
- PMC7270045
- OpenAlex
- W3012421327
- Cited by
- 9,664
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 152 · 2025: 292 · 2024: 546 · 2023: 895 · 2022: 1493 · 2021: 2714 · 2020: 3555
- FWCI
- 284.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Boehringer Ingelheim
- Wellcome Trust
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Bayer
- Innovate UK
- National Institute for Health Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Research
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, cytokine storm, hyperinflammation, immunosuppression, severe COVID-19, mortality, antiviral therapy, COVID-19 vaccines
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, COVID-19 Serotherapy, Humans, Immunization, Passive, Immunosuppression Therapy, Immunosuppressive Agents, Inflammation, Pneumonia, Viral, Steroids, Cytokines, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous, Coronavirus Infections, Antirheumatic Agents, Pandemics
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