COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression
Open accessThe claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
IL-6 is a major player in chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, cancer and cytokine storm.
“Among them, IL-6 is a major player in chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, cancer and cytokine storm (1, 3, 10–26).”
From IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
The main text links elevated IL-6 to fatal COVID-19 cases and discusses IL-6 receptor blockade for cytokine release syndrome, supporting its relevance to cytokine storm. It does not address IL-6's role in chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, or cancer. The supplied copy has no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSevere COVID-19 is a cytokine storm syndrome.
“Consistent with the notion that severe COVID-19 is a cytokine storm syndrome (12–17, 336), the severity of COVID-19 is associated with an increased level of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and TNFα (333, 337).”
From IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
The opening paragraph says that a subgroup of patients with severe COVID-19 might have a cytokine storm syndrome. The concluding paragraph likewise recommends screening severe patients to identify that subgroup. The cited paper does not establish that severe COVID-19 generally is a cytokine storm syndrome. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredARDS in COVID-19 is considered the result of cytokine storm, resembling the disease caused by SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
“ARDS in COVID-19 is considered the result of cytokine storm (12–17), resembling the disease caused by SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (335).”
From IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
The main text (page not supplied) says a subgroup of patients with severe COVID-19 might have a cytokine storm syndrome and identifies ARDS as a leading cause of mortality. It does not establish that COVID-19 ARDS generally results from a cytokine storm. The SARS/MERS comparison has a separate citation in the citing sentence and is not judged here. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 infection activate both NF-κB and STAT3, key elements of the IL-6 Amp, to cause cytokine storm.
“Therefore, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 infection activate both NF-κB and STAT3, key elements of the IL-6 Amp, to cause cytokine storm (12, 13, 15, 349, 350).”
From IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
The paper’s main text (page not available in our copy) says that a subgroup of patients with severe COVID-19 might have a cytokine storm syndrome and reports elevated IL-6 among predictors of fatality. It does not say that SARS-CoV-1 or SARS-CoV-2 activates NF-κB and STAT3, or identify an IL-6 Amp mechanism causing the storm. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEPA and DHA can lower triglycerides, which helps lower the risk of developing cytokine storms.
“EPA and DHA can lower triglycerides which help to lower the risk of developing cytokine storms (Mehta et al. 2020).”
From Production of microalgae with high lipid content and their potential as sources of nutraceuticals (2023) · cites this paper as Mehta et al. 2020
The HScore table lists triglyceride levels as a diagnostic parameter for secondary HLH, but does not discuss lowering them to prevent cytokine storms. The main text discusses hyperinflammation and immunosuppressive treatments; searches for EPA, DHA, omega-3 fatty acids, and triglyceride-lowering prevention found no supporting passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
COVID-19 causes a strong immune response with elevated levels of certain cytokines including IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, CXCL10, and CCL2.
“COVID-19 induces a robust immune response characterized by a hyperinflammatory state with high levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α CXCL10, and CCL2 (Mehta et al., 2020, Ye et al., 2020).”
From Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up (2021) · cites this paper as Mehta et al., 2020
Severe COVID-19 is frequently associated with hyperinflammation and hyperferritinemia.
“Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is frequently associated with hyperinflammation and hyperferritinemia.”
Hyperferritinemia is related to increased mortality in COVID-19.
“The latter is related to increased mortality in COVID-19.”
Disturbances of iron homeostasis are a frequent feature of COVID-19, most prominently reflected by high incidence of hyperferritinemia.
“One of these features is the frequent emergence of disturbances of iron homeostasis in COVID-19, most prominently reflected by the high incidence of hyperferritinemia [1, 14, 28].”
This mechanism may contribute to uncontrolled cytokine release during the COVID-19 associated cytokine storm.
“This mechanism may contribute to uncontrolled cytokine release, as found during the COVID-19 associated “cytokine storm”, as well [1].”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5 · Cited by 48,884 · see citing works
Ruan, Q., Yang, K., Wang, W., Jiang, L., & Song, J. (2020) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-020-05991-x · Cited by 4,898 · see citing works
Clinical evidence does not support corticosteroid treatment for 2019-nCoV lung injury
Russell, C. D., Millar, J. E., & Baillie, J. K. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30317-2 · Cited by 2,007 · see citing works
Fardet, L., Galicier, L., Lambotte, O., Marzac, C., Aumont, C., Chahwan, D., Coppo, P., & Hejblum, G. (2014) · Arthritis & Rheumatology · doi:10.1002/art.38690 · Cited by 1,488 · see citing works
Baricitinib as potential treatment for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease
Richardson, P., Griffin, I., Tucker, C., Smith, D., Oechsle, O., Phelan, A., Rawling, M., Savory, E., & Stebbing, J. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30304-4 · Cited by 1,456 · see citing works
Adult haemophagocytic syndrome
Ramos‐Casals, M., Brito‐Zerón, P., López‐Guillermo, A., Khamashta, M. A., & Bosch, X. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61048-x · Cited by 1,445 · see citing works
Shakoory, B., Carcillo, J. A., Chatham, W. W., Amdur, R. L., Zhao, H., Dinarello, C. A., Cron, R. Q., & Opal, S. M. (2016) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000001402 · Cited by 867 · see citing works
Ortiz-Prado, E., Simbaña-Rivera, K., Gómez- Barreno, L., Rubio-Neira, M., Guaman, L. P., Kyriakidis, N. C., Muslin, C., Jaramillo, A. M. G., Barba-Ostria, C., Cevallos-Robalino, D., et al. (2020) · Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115094 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Macrophage Activation-Like Syndrome: A Distinct Entity Leading to Early Death in Sepsis
Karakike, E., & Giamarellos‐Bourboulis, E. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00055 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Pulmonary Involvement in Patients With Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Seguin, A., Galicier, L., Boutboul, D., Lemiale, V., & Azoulay, É. (2016) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.004 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Histiocytic hyperplasia with hemophagocytosis and acute alveolar damage in COVID-19 infection
Prieto-Pérez, L., Fortes, J., Soto, C., González, Á. V., Alonso, M., Lafarga, M., Cortti, M. J., Lázaro‐García, A., Pérez‐Tanoira, R., Tráscasa, Á., et al. (2020) · Modern Pathology · doi:10.1038/s41379-020-0613-1 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Neri, P., Lamperti, M., & Pichi, F. (2020) · International Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/s10792-020-01495-1 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Chai, A., Philip, J., Crank, S., et al. (2020) · British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.05.005 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19
Gupta, A., Madhavan, M. V., Sehgal, K., Nair, N., Mahajan, S., Sehrawat, T. S., Bikdeli, B., Ahluwalia, N., Ausiello, J. C., Wan, E. Y., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0968-3 · Cited by 3,185 · see citing works
An inflammatory cytokine signature predicts COVID-19 severity and survival
Del Valle, D. M., Kim-Schulze, S., Huang, H.-H., Beckmann, N. D., Nirenberg, S., Wang, B., Lavin, Y., Swartz, T. H., Madduri, D., Stock, A., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-1051-9 · Cited by 2,605 · see citing works
Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients
Hadjadj, J., Yatim, N., Barnabei, L., Corneau, A., Boussier, J., Smith, N., Péré, H., Charbit, B., Bondet, V., Chenevier-Gobeaux, C., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abc6027 · Cited by 2,984 · see citing works
Rogers, J. P., Chesney, E., Oliver, D., Pollak, T. A., McGuire, P., Fusar-Poli, P., Zandi, M. S., Lewis, G., & David, A. S. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30203-0 · Cited by 2,407 · see citing works
Pathological inflammation in patients with COVID-19: a key role for monocytes and macrophages
Merad, M., & Martin, J. C. (2020) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-020-0331-4 · Cited by 2,472 · see citing works
Alhazzani, W., Møller, M. H., Arabi, Y. M., Loeb, M., Gong, M. N., Fan, E., Oczkowski, S., Levy, M. M., Derde, L., Dzierba, A., et al. (2020) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-020-06022-5 · Cited by 2,105 · see citing works
Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses
Wu, Y., Xu, X., Chen, Z., Duan, J., Hashimoto, K., Yang, L., Liu, C., & Yang, C. (2020) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.031 · Cited by 2,046 · see citing works
Neurological associations of COVID-19
Ellul, M. A., Benjamin, L., Singh, B., Lant, S., Michael, B. D., Easton, A., Kneen, R., Defres, S., Sejvar, J., & Solomon, T. (2020) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30221-0 · Cited by 2,156 · see citing works
Karki, R., Sharma, B. R., Tuladhar, S., Williams, E. P., Zalduondo, L., Samir, P., Zheng, M., Sundaram, B., Banoth, B., Malireddi, R. K. S., et al. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.025 · Cited by 1,734 · see citing works
McGonagle, D., Sharif, K., O'Regan, A., & Bridgewood, C. (2020) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102537 · Cited by 1,654 · see citing works
Proteomic and Metabolomic Characterization of COVID-19 Patient Sera
Shen, B., Yi, X., Sun, Y., Bi, X., Du, J., Zhang, C., Quan, S., Zhang, F., Sun, R., Qian, L., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.032 · Cited by 1,514 · see citing works
Intensive care management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges and recommendations
Phua, J., Weng, L., Ling, L., Egi, M., Lim, C.-M., Divatia, J. V., Shrestha, B. R., Arabi, Y. M., Ng, J., Gomersall, C. D., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30161-2 · Cited by 1,509 · see citing works
COVID-19–associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy: Imaging Features
Poyiadji, N., Shahin, G., Noujaim, D., Stone, M., Patel, S., & Griffith, B. (2020) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2020201187 · Cited by 1,505 · see citing works
Immunology of COVID-19: Current State of the Science
Vabret, N., Britton, G. J., Gruber, C., Hegde, S., Kim, J., Kuksin, M., Levantovsky, R., Malle, L., Moreira, A., Park, M. D., et al. (2020) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2020.05.002 · Cited by 1,623 · see citing works
Self-citationTargeting potential drivers of COVID-19: Neutrophil extracellular traps
Barnes, B. J., Adrover, J. M., Baxter-Stoltzfus, A., Borczuk, A., Cools-Lartigue, J., Crawford, J. M., Daßler-Plenker, J., Guerci, P., Huynh, C., Knight, J. S., et al. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20200652 · Cited by 1,486 · see citing works
IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer
Hirano, T. (2021) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxaa078 · Cited by 1,453 · see citing works
The pivotal link between ACE2 deficiency and SARS-CoV-2 infection
Verdecchia, P., Cavallini, C., Spanevello, A., & Angeli, F. (2020) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2020.04.037 · Cited by 1,237 · see citing works
“[69,70] In this context, administration of soluble recombinant ACE2 [12] or angiotensin1-7 [71] could be promising therapeutic approaches, requiring urgent evaluation in clinical trials.”
Why does COVID-19 disproportionately affect older people?
Mueller, A. L., McNamara, M. S., & Sinclair, D. A. (2020) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.103344 · Cited by 1,128 · see citing works
Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: The Current Evidence and Treatment Strategies
Tang, Y., Liu, J., Zhang, D., Xu, Z., Ji, J., & Wen, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01708 · Cited by 1,094 · see citing works
Chua, R. L., Lukassen, S., Trump, S., Hennig, B. P., Wendisch, D., Pott, F., Debnath, O., Thürmann, L., Kurth, F., Völker, M. T., et al. (2020) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-020-0602-4 · Cited by 1,035 · see citing works
Troyer, E. A., Kohn, J. N., & Hong, S. (2020) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.027 · Cited by 964 · see citing works
Calder, P., Carr, A., Gombart, A., & Eggersdorfer, M. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12041181 · Cited by 972 · see citing works
A dynamic COVID-19 immune signature includes associations with poor prognosis
Laing, A. G., Lorenc, A., del Molino del Barrio, I., Das, A., Fish, M., Monin, L., Muñoz-Ruiz, M., McKenzie, D. R., Hayday, T. S., Francos-Quijorna, I., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-1038-6 · Cited by 946 · see citing works
Immunological considerations for COVID-19 vaccine strategies
Jeyanathan, M., Afkhami, S., Smaill, F., Miller, M. S., Lichty, B. D., & Xing, Z. (2020) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-020-00434-6 · Cited by 1,015 · see citing works
Zubair, A. S., McAlpine, L. S., Gardin, T., Farhadian, S., Kuruvilla, D. E., & Spudich, S. (2020) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2065 · Cited by 923 · see citing works
Winkler, E. S., Bailey, A. L., Kafai, N. M., Nair, S., McCune, B. T., Yu, J., Fox, J. M., Chen, R. E., Earnest, J. T., Keeler, S. P., et al. (2020) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-020-0778-2 · Cited by 901 · see citing works
Weiskopf, D., Schmitz, K. S., Raadsen, M. P., Grifoni, A., Okba, N. M. A., Endeman, H., van den Akker, J. P. C., Molenkamp, R., Koopmans, M. P. G., van Gorp, E. C. M., et al. (2020) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abd2071 · Cited by 907 · see citing works
Extrafollicular B cell responses correlate with neutralizing antibodies and morbidity in COVID-19
Woodruff, M. C., Ramonell, R. P., Nguyen, D. C., Cashman, K. S., Saini, A. S., Haddad, N. S., Ley, A. M., Kyu, S., Howell, J. C., Ozturk, T., et al. (2020) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-020-00814-z · Cited by 791 · see citing works
Immune response, inflammation, and the clinical spectrum of COVID-19
García, L. F. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01441 · Cited by 739 · see citing works
Hermine, O., Mariette, X., Tharaux, P.-L., Resche-Rigon, M., Porcher, R., Ravaud, P., CORIMUNO-19 Collaborative Group, Bureau, S., Dougados, M., Tibi, A., et al. (2021) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.6820 · Cited by 734 · see citing works
Cerebral Micro-Structural Changes in COVID-19 Patients – An MRI-based 3-month Follow-up Study
Lu, Y., Li, X., Geng, D., Mei, N., Wu, P.-Y., Huang, C.-C., Jia, T., Zhao, Y., Wang, D., Xiao, A., et al. (2020) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100484 · Cited by 614 · see citing works
Gupta, S., Wang, W., Hayek, S. S., Chan, L., Mathews, K. S., Melamed, M. L., Brenner, S. K., Leonberg-Yoo, A., Schenck, E. J., Radbel, J., et al. (2021) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.6252 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
NETosis: Molecular Mechanisms, Role in Physiology and Pathology
Vorobjeva, N. V., & Chernyak, B. V. (2020) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s0006297920100065 · Cited by 559 · see citing works
Association of COVID-19 inflammation with activation of the C5a–C5aR1 axis
Carvelli, J., Demaria, O., Vély, F., Batista, L., Chouaki Benmansour, N., Fares, J., Carpentier, S., Thibult, M.-L., Morel, A., Remark, R., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2600-6 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers profibrotic macrophage responses and lung fibrosis
Wendisch, D., Dietrich, O., Mari, T., von Stillfried, S., Ibarra, I. L., Mittermaier, M., Mache, C., Chua, R. L., Knoll, R., Timm, S., et al. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.11.033 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
Heneka, M. T., Golenbock, D., Latz, E., Morgan, D., & Brown, R. (2020) · Alzheimer's Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-020-00640-3 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
Mazza, M. G., Palladini, M., De Lorenzo, R., Magnaghi, C., Poletti, S., Furlan, R., Ciceri, F., Rovere-Querini, P., & Benedetti, F. (2021) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.02.021 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
“T helper (Th)-1 cytokines, including Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, Interferon (IFN)-γ, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, CXCL10, and CCL2; and Th-2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-10, and IL-1 receptor antagonist are all elevated in the serum of COVID-19 patients (Coperchini et al., 2020) in a “cytokine storm” typically assoc…”
InfluentialGalani, I.-E., Rovina, N., Lampropoulou, V., Triantafyllia, V., Manioudaki, M., Pavlos, E., Koukaki, E., Fragkou, P. C., Panou, V., Rapti, V., et al. (2021) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-020-00840-x · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Immunopathology of Hyperinflammation in COVID-19
Gustine, J. N., & Jones, D. (2021) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.08.009 · Cited by 516 · see citing works
Polak, S. B., Van Gool, I. C., Cohen, D., von der Thüsen, J. H., & van Paassen, J. (2020) · Modern Pathology · doi:10.1038/s41379-020-0603-3 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Lenze, E. J., Mattar, C., Zorumski, C. F., Stevens, A., Schweiger, J., Nicol, G. E., Miller, J. P., Yang, L., Yingling, M., Avidan, M. S., et al. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.22760 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Care of patients with liver disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: EASL-ESCMID position paper
Boettler, T., Newsome, P. N., Mondelli, M. U., Maticic, M., Cordero, E., Cornberg, M., & Berg, T. (2020) · JHEP Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100113 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Comunian, S., Dongo, D., Milani, C., & Palestini, P. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17124487 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Kell, D. B., Heyden, E. L., & Pretorius, E. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01221 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
COVID-19 infection and rheumatoid arthritis: Faraway, so close
Favalli, E. G., Ingegnoli, F., De Lucia, O., Cincinelli, G., Cimaz, R., & Caporali, R. (2020) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102523 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Ortiz-Prado, E., Simbaña-Rivera, K., Gómez- Barreno, L., Rubio-Neira, M., Guaman, L. P., Kyriakidis, N. C., Muslin, C., Jaramillo, A. M. G., Barba-Ostria, C., Cevallos-Robalino, D., et al. (2020) · Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115094 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Vaughn, V. M., Gandhi, T. N., Petty, L. A., Patel, P. K., Prescott, H. C., Malani, A. N., Ratz, D., McLaughlin, E., Chopra, V., & Flanders, S. A. (2021) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1239 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Veiga, V. C., Prats, J. A. G. G., Farias, D. L. C., Rosa, R. G., Dourado, L. K., Zampieri, F. G., Machado, F. R., Lopes, R. D., Berwanger, O., Azevedo, L. C. P., et al. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n84 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Association between periodontitis and severity of COVID‐19 infection: A case–control study
Marouf, N., Cai, W., Said, K. N., Daas, H., Diab, H., Chinta, V. R., Hssain, A. A., Nicolau, B., Sanz, M., & Tamimi, F. (2021) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.13435 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Virus-induced senescence is a driver and therapeutic target in COVID-19
Lee, S., Yu, Y., Trimpert, J., Benthani, F., Mairhofer, M., Richter-Pechanska, P., Wyler, E., Belenki, D., Kaltenbrunner, S., Pammer, M., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03995-1 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Predictors of adverse prognosis in COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Figliozzi, S., Masci, P. G., Ahmadi, N., Tondi, L., Koutli, E., Aimo, A., Stamatelopoulos, K., Dimopoulos, M., Caforio, A. L. P., & Georgiopoulos, G. (2020) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.13362 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Neurological Involvement in COVID-19 and Potential Mechanisms: A Review
Aghagoli, G., Gallo Marin, B., Katchur, N. J., Chaves-Sell, F., Asaad, W. F., & Murphy, S. A. (2021) · Neurocritical Care · doi:10.1007/s12028-020-01049-4 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Two X-linked agammaglobulinemia patients develop pneumonia as COVID-19 manifestation but recover
Soresina, A., Moratto, D., Chiarini, M., Paolillo, C., Baresi, G., Focà, E., Bezzi, M., Baronio, B., Giacomelli, M., & Badolato, R. (2020) · Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1111/pai.13263 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Senolytics reduce coronavirus-related mortality in old mice
Camell, C. D., Yousefzadeh, M. J., Zhu, Y., Prata, L. G. P. L., Huggins, M. A., Pierson, M., Zhang, L., O’Kelly, R. D., Pirtskhalava, T., Xun, P., et al. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abe4832 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Tuberculosis and COVID-19 interaction: A review of biological, clinical and public health effects
Visca, D., Ong, C. W. M., Tiberi, S., Centis, R., D’Ambrosio, L., Chen, B., Mueller, J., Mueller, P., Duarte, R., Dalcolmo, M., et al. (2021) · Pulmonology · doi:10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.12.012 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Brain MRI Findings in Patients in the Intensive Care Unit with COVID-19 Infection
Kandemirli, S. G., Dogan, L., Sarikaya, Z. T., Kara, S., Akinci, C., Kaya, D., Kaya, Y., Yildirim, D., Tuzuner, F., Yildirim, M. S., et al. (2020) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2020201697 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Production of microalgae with high lipid content and their potential as sources of nutraceuticals
Udayan, A., Pandey, A. K., Sirohi, R., Sreekumar, N., Sang, B.-I., Sim, S. J., Kim, S. H., & Pandey, A. (2023) · Phytochemistry Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11101-021-09784-y · Cited by 302 · see citing works
A human circulating immune cell landscape in aging and COVID-19
Zheng, Y., Liu, X., Le, W., Xie, L., Li, H., Wen, W., Wang, S., Ma, S., Huang, Z., Ye, J., et al. (2020) · Protein & Cell · doi:10.1007/s13238-020-00762-2 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Baricitinib restrains the immune dysregulation in patients with severe COVID-19
Bronte, V., Ugel, S., Tinazzi, E., Vella, A., De Sanctis, F., Canè, S., Batani, V., Trovato, R., Fiore, A., Petrova, V., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci141772 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Lane, J. C. E., Weaver, J., Kostka, K., Duarte-Salles, T., Abrahao, M. T. F., Alghoul, H., Alser, O., Alshammari, T. M., Biedermann, P., Banda, J. M., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/s2665-9913(20)30276-9 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Self-citationBorges, L., Pithon-Curi, T. C., Curi, R., & Hatanaka, E. (2020) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2020/8829674 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Temporal and spatial heterogeneity of host response to SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary infection
Desai, N., Neyaz, A., Szabolcs, A., Shih, A. R., Chen, J. H., Thapar, V., Nieman, L. T., Solovyov, A., Mehta, A., Lieb, D. J., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20139-7 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Psychedelics in Psychiatry: Neuroplastic, Immunomodulatory, and Neurotransmitter Mechanisms
Inserra, A., De Gregorio, D., & Gobbi, G. (2021) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pharmrev.120.000056 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Preliminary predictive criteria for COVID-19 cytokine storm
Caricchio, R., Gallucci, M., Dass, C., Zhang, X., Gallucci, S., Fleece, D., Bromberg, M., & Criner, G. J. (2021) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218323 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Salehi, L., Rahimzadeh, M., Molaei, E., Zaheri, H., & Esmaelzadeh‐Saeieh, S. (2020) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.1835 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Liu, J., Liu, Z., Pang, Y., & Zhou, H. (2022) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-022-01343-7 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
De Luca, G., Cavalli, G., Campochiaro, C., Della-Torre, E., Angelillo, P., Tomelleri, A., Boffini, N., Tentori, S., Mette, F., Farina, N., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/s2665-9913(20)30170-3 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Heer, C. D., Sanderson, D. J., Voth, L. S., Alhammad, Y. M. O., Schmidt, M. S., Trammell, S. A. J., Perlman, S., Cohen, M. S., Fehr, A. R., & Brenner, C. (2020) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.ra120.015138 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Iron: Innocent bystander or vicious culprit in COVID-19 pathogenesis?
Edeas, M., Saleh, J., & Peyssonnaux, C. (2020) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.110 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Psycho-Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions in COVID-19: Potential Impacts on Mental Health
Raony, Í., de Figueiredo, C. S., Pandolfo, P., Giestal-de-Araujo, E., Oliveira-Silva Bomfim, P., & Savino, W. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01170 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Sonnweber, T., Boehm, A., Sahanic, S., Pizzini, A., Aichner, M., Sonnweber, B., Kurz, K., Koppelstätter, S., Haschka, D., Petzer, V., et al. (2020) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-020-01546-2 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Flexible Plasmonic Biosensors for Healthcare Monitoring: Progress and Prospects
Song, L., Chen, J., Xu, B. B., & Huang, Y. (2021) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.1c07176 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 pathogenesis, and exposure to air pollution: What is the connection?
Woodby, B., Arnold, M. M., & Valacchi, G. (2021) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14512 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
COVID-19 in a MS patient treated with ocrelizumab: does immunosuppression have a protective role?
Novi, G., Mikulska, M., Briano, F., Toscanini, F., Tazza, F., Uccelli, A., & Inglese, M. (2020) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2020.102120 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Microstructure, pathophysiology, and potential therapeutics of COVID‐19: A comprehensive review
Singh, S. P., Pritam, M., Pandey, B., & Yadav, T. P. (2021) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.26254 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Emerging Technologies for Use in the Study, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Patients with COVID-19
Tsikala Vafea, M., Atalla, E., Georgakas, J., Shehadeh, F., Mylona, E. K., Kalligeros, M., & Mylonakis, E. (2020) · Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering · doi:10.1007/s12195-020-00629-w · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Multi-Organ Involvement in COVID-19: Beyond Pulmonary Manifestations
Thakur, V., Ratho, R. K., Kumar, P., Bhatia, S. K., Bora, I., Mohi, G. K., Saxena, S. K., Devi, M., Yadav, D., & Mehariya, S. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10030446 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Fatal Invasive Aspergillosis and Coronavirus Disease in an Immunocompetent Patient
Blaize, M., Mayaux, J., Nabet, C., Lampros, A., Marcelin, A.-G., Thellier, M., Piarroux, R., Demoule, A., & Fekkar, A. (2020) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2607.201603 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
IL-6 Revisited: From Rheumatoid Arthritis to CAR T Cell Therapy and COVID-19
Kishimoto, T., & Kang, S. (2022) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-101220-023458 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): A case report and review of treatments
Douedi, S., & Miskoff, J. (2020) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000020207 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Targeting Senescent Cells for a Healthier Aging: Challenges and Opportunities
Song, S., Tchkonia, T., Jiang, J., Kirkland, J. L., & Sun, Y. (2020) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202002611 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Anakinra treatment in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a prospective cohort study
the RCI-COVID-19 Study Group, Kooistra, E. J., Waalders, N. J. B., Grondman, I., Janssen, N. A. F., de Nooijer, A. H., Netea, M. G., van de Veerdonk, F. L., Ewalds, E., van der Hoeven, J. G., et al. (2020) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-020-03364-w · Cited by 119 · see citing works
A case‐control study on the association between periodontitis and coronavirus disease (COVID‐19)
Anand, P. S., Jadhav, P., Kamath, K. P., Kumar, S. R., Vijayalaxmi, S., & Anil, S. (2022) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1002/jper.21-0272 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Hasseli, R., Mueller-Ladner, U., Hoyer, B. F., Krause, A., Lorenz, H.-M., Pfeil, A., Richter, J., Schäfer, M., Schmeiser, T., Strangfeld, A., et al. (2021) · RMD Open · doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001464 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Kandhaya‐Pillai, R., Yang, X., Tchkonia, T., Martin, G. M., Kirkland, J. L., & Oshima, J. (2022) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13646 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Song, X., Hu, W., Yu, H., Zhao, L., Zhao, Y., Zhao, X., Xue, H., & Zhao, Y. (2023) · Cytometry Part A · doi:10.1002/cyto.a.24285 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
COVID-19 pathophysiology may be driven by an imbalance in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Rysz, S., Al-Saadi, J., Sjöström, A., Farm, M., Campoccia Jalde, F., Plattén, M., Eriksson, H., Klein, M., Vargas-Paris, R., Nyrén, S., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22713-z · Cited by 111 · see citing works
The looming storm: Blood and cytokines in COVID-19
Kaur, S., Bansal, R., Kollimuttathuillam, S., Gowda, A. M., Singh, B., Mehta, D., & Maroules, M. (2021) · Blood Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.blre.2020.100743 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Can SARS-CoV-2 infect the central nervous system via the olfactory bulb or the blood-brain barrier?
Burks, S. M., Rosas-Hernandez, H., Alejandro Ramirez-Lee, M., Cuevas, E., & Talpos, J. C. (2021) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.12.031 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Biomarkers of post-covid depression
Lorkiewicz, P., & Waszkiewicz, N. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10184142 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Carubbi, F., Salvati, L., Alunno, A., Maggi, F., Borghi, E., Mariani, R., Mai, F., Paoloni, M., Ferri, C., Desideri, G., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-83831-8 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
APASL Covid-19 Task Force, Lau, G., & Sharma, M. (2020) · Hepatology International · doi:10.1007/s12072-020-10054-w · Cited by 88 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 Dissemination Through Peripheral Nerves Explains Multiple Organ Injury
Fenrich, M., Mrdenovic, S., Balog, M., Tomic, S., Zjalic, M., Roncevic, A., Mandic, D., Debeljak, Z., & Heffer, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.00229 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Shah, H., Khan, M. S. H., Dhurandhar, N. V., & Hegde, V. (2021) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-020-01636-z · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence, drug repurposing and peer review
Levin, J. M., Oprea, T. I., Davidovich, S., Clozel, T., Overington, J. P., Vanhaelen, Q., Cantor, C. R., Bischof, E., & Zhavoronkov, A. (2020) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-020-0686-x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Investigating Ketone Bodies as Immunometabolic Countermeasures against Respiratory Viral Infections
Stubbs, B. J., Koutnik, A. P., Goldberg, E. L., Upadhyay, V., Turnbaugh, P. J., Verdin, E., & Newman, J. C. (2020) · Med · doi:10.1016/j.medj.2020.06.008 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
A rationale for targeting the P2X7 receptor in Coronavirus disease 19
Di Virgilio, F., Tang, Y., Sarti, A. C., & Rossato, M. (2020) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.15138 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Cell deaths: Involvement in the pathogenesis and intervention therapy of COVID-19
Li, X., Zhang, Z., Wang, Z., Gutiérrez-Castrellón, P., & Shi, H. (2022) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-022-01043-6 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Molecular mechanisms and epidemiology of COVID-19 from an allergist’s perspective
Hosoki, K., Chakraborty, A., & Sur, S. (2020) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.033 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Mesenchymal stem cell immunomodulation: in pursuit of controlling COVID-19 related cytokine storm
Song, N., Wakimoto, H., Rossignoli, F., Bhere, D., Ciccocioppo, R., Chen, K.-S., Khalsa, J. K., Mastrolia, I., Samarelli, A. V., Dominici, M., et al. (2021) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1002/stem.3354 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mehta, P., McAuley, D. F., Brown, M., Sanchez, E., Tattersall, R. S., & Manson, J. J.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Queen's University Belfast (GB)
- University College Hospital (GB)
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Manson, Jessica J
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-03
- Volume
- 395
- Issue
- 10229
- Pages
- 1033-1034
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- PMC
- PMC7270045
- OpenAlex
- W3012421327
- Cited by
- 9,664
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 152 · 2025: 292 · 2024: 546 · 2023: 895 · 2022: 1493 · 2021: 2714 · 2020: 3555 · 2019: 12 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 284.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Boehringer Ingelheim
- Wellcome Trust
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Bayer
- Innovate UK
- National Institute for Health Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Research
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, cytokine storm, hyperinflammation, immunosuppression, severe COVID-19, mortality, antiviral therapy, COVID-19 vaccines
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, COVID-19 Serotherapy, Humans, Immunization, Passive, Immunosuppression Therapy, Immunosuppressive Agents, Inflammation, Pneumonia, Viral, Steroids, Cytokines, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous, Coronavirus Infections, Antirheumatic Agents, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
