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Ethnicity and COVID-19: an urgent public health research priority

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Pareek, Manish, Bangash, Mansoor N, Pareek, Nilesh, Pan, Daniel, Sze, Shirley, Minhas, Jatinder S, Hanif, Wasim, Khunti, Kamlesh·2020·The Lancet

DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30922-3PMC PMC7173801

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Background
Mental health inequalities increase as a function of COVID-19 pandemic severity levels
Maffly‐Kipp, J., Eisenbeck, N., Carreno, D. F., & Hicks, J. A. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114275 · Cited by 67
Why meaning-making matters: the case of the UK Government’s COVID-19 response
Morgan, M. (2020) · American Journal of Cultural Sociology · doi:10.1057/s41290-020-00121-y · Cited by 64
Systematic Review on the Therapeutic Options for COVID-19: Clinical Evidence of Drug Efficacy and Implications
Abubakar, A. R., Sani, I. H., Godman, B., Kumar, S., Islam, S., Jahan, I., & Haque, M. (2020) · Infection and Drug Resistance · doi:10.2147/idr.s289037 · Cited by 65
Validity of energy social research during and after COVID-19: challenges, considerations, and responses
Fell, M. J., Pagel, L., Chen, C., Goldberg, M. H., Herberz, M., Huebner, G. M., Sareen, S., & Hahnel, U. J. J. (2020) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2020.101646 · Cited by 62
“Differentiated impacts on variables such as health, income or employment situation are already evident across individuals, notably across ethnicities, gender and income groups [19,20].”
Background
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Towards COVID-19 Amongst Ethnic Minorities in Hong Kong
Wong, C. L., Chen, J., Chow, K. M., Law, B. M. H., Chan, D. N. S., So, W. K. W., Leung, A. W. Y., & Chan, C. W. H. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17217878 · Cited by 66
“Previous research suggested the existence of an interaction between ethnicity and disease spread and progression that is driven by differences in biological, cultural, behavioural and social characteristics, including comorbidities, low socioeconomic status, work conditions, living standards, intergenerational cohabit…”
Background
COVID-19 restrictions and mental distress among American adults: evidence from Corona Impact Survey (W1 and W2)
Kim, H. H., & Laurence, J. (2020) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdaa148 · Cited by 59
Men and COVID-19: the aftermath
White, A. (2020) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.1080/00325481.2020.1823760 · Cited by 63
A case-control and cohort study to determine the relationship between ethnic background and severe COVID-19
Zakeri, R., Bendayan, R., Ashworth, M. J., Bean, D. M., Dodhia, H., Durbaba, S., O’Gallagher, K., Palmer, C., Ćurčin, V., Aitken, E., et al. (2020) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100574 · Cited by 59
Repurposing Antimalarials to Tackle the COVID-19 Pandemic
Krishna, S., Augustin, Y. S., Wang, J., Xu, C., Staines, H. M., Platteeuw, H., Kamarulzaman, A., Sall, A. A., & Kremsner, P. G. (2020) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2020.10.003 · Cited by 58
Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases in non-Italian nationals notified to the Italian surveillance system
Fabiani, M., Mateo‐Urdiales, A., Andrianou, X. D., Bella, A., Manso, M. D., Bellino, S., Rota, M. C., Boros, S., Vescio, M. F., D’Ancona, F. “., et al. (2020) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckaa249 · Cited by 62
The impact of COVID-19 on health systems, mental health and the potential for nursing
Frawley, T., van Gelderen, F., Somanadhan, S., Coveney, K., Phelan, A. A., Lynam-Loane, P., & Brún, A. D. (2020) · Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/ipm.2020.105 · Cited by 58
Associations between mobility and socio-economic indicators vary across the timeline of the Covid-19 pandemic
Long, J., & Ren, C. (2021) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2021.101710 · Cited by 59
“…between mobility and socio-economic indicators provide evidence of the ongoing sociospatial inequities arising from the Covid-19 pandemic (Pareek et al., 2020; Rothwell, 2020; van Dorn, Cooney, & Sabin, 2020) here we study this relationship in the province of Ontario, Canada across the…”
Exploring the Motivation Behind Discrimination and Stigmatization Related to COVID-19: A Social Psychological Discussion Based on the Main Theoretical Explanations
Demirtaş-Madran, H. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.569528 · Cited by 62
Emerging public health challenge in UK: perception and belief on increased COVID19 death among BAME healthcare workers
Moorthy, A., & Sankar, T. K. (2020) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdaa096 · Cited by 57
Demographic and occupational determinants of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity in hospital staff
Martin, C. A., Patel, P., Goss, C., Jenkins, D. R., Price, A., Barton, L. M., Gupta, P., Zaccardi, F., Jerina, H., Duraisingham, S., et al. (2020) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdaa199 · Cited by 53
Self-citation
Associations with covid-19 hospitalisation amongst 406,793 adults: the UK Biobank prospective cohort studyPreprint
Khawaja, A. P., Warwick, A., Hysi, P. G., Kastner, A., Dick, A. D., Khaw, P. T., Tufail, A., Foster, P. J., & Khaw, K. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.05.06.20092957 · Cited by 59
COVID-19 and Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic Communities: A Complex Relationship Without Just Cause
Phiri, P., Delanerolle, G., Al-Sudani, A., & Rathod, S. (2021) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/22581 · Cited by 73
“First, ethnicity could play a major role in disease transmission owing to cultural, behavioral, and societal differences including those in health-seeking behaviors [12], cohabiting lifestyle [13], and lower socioeconomic status.”
BackgroundInfluential
The COVID-19 Pandemic: Does Our Early Life Environment, Life Trajectory and Socioeconomic Status Determine Disease Susceptibility and Severity?
Holuka, C., Merz, M. P., Fernandes, S. B., Charalambous, E. G., Seal, S. V., Grova, N., & Turner, J. D. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21145094 · Cited by 55
The Impact of Frailty on COVID-19 Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 16 Cohort Studies
Yang, Y., Luo, K., Jiang, Y., Yu, Q., Huang, X., Wang, J., Liu, N., & Huang, P. (2021) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-021-1611-9 · Cited by 55
What elements of a systems’ approach to bereavement are most effective in times of mass bereavement? A narrative systematic review with lessons for COVID-19
Harrop, E. J., Mann, M. K., Semedo, L., Chao, D., Selman, L. E., & Byrne, A. (2020) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/0269216320946273 · Cited by 55
Emerging mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic: An Indian perspective
Dalal, P., Roy, D., Choudhary, P., Kar, S. K., & Tripathi, A. (2020) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_372_20 · Cited by 56
Estimated Sleep Duration Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Major Metropolitan Areas on Different Continents: Observational Study of Smartphone App Data
Robbins, R., Affouf, M., Weaver, M. D., Czeisler, M. É., Barger, L. K., Quan, S. F., & Czeisler, C. A. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/20546 · Cited by 54
SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy: characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized and non-hospitalized women due to COVID-19
Barbero, P. G. M., Mugüerza, L., Herraı̀z, I., Burguillo, A. G., Juan, R. S., Acebal, L. F., Mejía, I., Batllori, E., Montañez, M. D., Pérez, P. V., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2020.1793320 · Cited by 53
A scoping review of international policy responses to mental health recovery during the COVID-19 pandemic
McCartan, C., Adell, T., Cameron, J., Davidson, G., Knifton, L., McDaid, S., & Mulholland, C. (2021) · Health Research Policy and Systems · doi:10.1186/s12961-020-00652-3 · Cited by 45
Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in migrants and ethnic minorities compared with the general population in the European WHO region during the first year of the pandemic: a systematic review
Jaljaa, A., Caminada, S., Tosti, M. E., D’Angelo, F., Angelozzi, A., Isonne, C., Marchetti, G., Mazzalai, E., Giannini, D., Turatto, F., et al. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-12466-1 · Cited by 52
Genetic Analysis of the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Host Protease TMPRSS2 in Different Populations
Russo, R., Andolfo, I., Lasorsa, V. A., Iolascon, A., & Capasso, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.00872 · Cited by 50
“As for other multifactorial conditions, this variability may be related to environmental differences among countries, such as access to medical care and the age structure of the population (Pareek et al., 2020); nevertheless, it may be related also to human genetic variability.”
Background
Analysis of COVID-19 Cases' Spatial Dependence in US Counties Reveals Health Inequalities
Saffary, T., Adegboye, O. A., Gayawan, E., Elfaki, F. A. M., Kuddus, M. A., & Saffary, R. (2020) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.579190 · Cited by 49
The need for improved collection and coding of ethnicity in health research
Khunti, K. K., Routen, A. C., Banerjee, A., & Pareek, M. (2020) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdaa198 · Cited by 47
Self-citation
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Exposure, Disease Susceptibility, and Clinical Outcomes during COVID-19 Pandemic in National Cohort of Adults, United States
Robertson, M. M., Shamsunder, M. G., Brazier, E., Mantravadi, M., Rane, M. S., Westmoreland, D. A., Parcesepe, A. M., Zimba, R., Maroko, A., Kulkarni, S., et al. (2022) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2811.220072 · Cited by 50
How COVID-19 has exposed inequalities in the UK food system: the case of UK food and poverty
Power, M., Doherty, B., Pybus, K. J., & Pickett, K. E. (2020) · Emerald Open Research · doi:10.1108/eor-10-2023-0003 · Cited by 59
Attachment anxiety predicts worse mental health outcomes during COVID-19: Evidence from two studies
Vowels, L. M., Carnelley, K. B., & Stanton, S. C. E. (2021) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.111256 · Cited by 48
The language of ethnicity
Khunti, K. K., Routen, A. C., Pareek, M., Treweek, S. P., & Platt, L. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m4493 · Cited by 47
Self-citation
COVID-19 Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Baradaran, A., Malek, A., Moazzen, N., & Shaye, Z. A. (2020) · Iranian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology · doi:10.18502/ijaai.v19i6.4927 · Cited by 46
Outcomes of Renal Transplant Recipients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Eye of the Storm: A Comparative Study With Waitlisted Patients
Mohamed, I., Chowdary, P. B., Shetty, S., Sammartino, C., Sivaprakasam, R., Lindsey, B., Thuraisingham, R. C., Yaqoob, M. M., & Khurram, M. A. (2020) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0000000000003406 · Cited by 44
“This finding is consistent with the reported data in the literature.(20,21) But our total transplant and waitlisted population has significantly more BAME representation (50% and 80%).”
Result
Socio-economic disparities and COVID-19 in the USA
Paul, A., Englert, P., & Varga, M. (2021) · Journal of Physics Complexity · doi:10.1088/2632-072x/ac0fc7 · Cited by 44
Development of an Actionable Framework to Address Cancer Care Disparities in Medically Underserved Populations in the United States: Expert Roundtable Recommendations
Winkfield, K. M., Regnante, J. M., Miller‐Sonet, E., González, E., Freund, K. M., & Doykos, P. M. (2021) · JCO Oncology Practice · doi:10.1200/op.20.00630 · Cited by 44
“The higher infection and death rates within racial and ethnic minority communities are attributable to SDOH and inequities in healthcare access and delivery.(53-55) The pandemic has exposed long-standing deficiencies in the US healthcare system and has exacerbated disparities in care for other health conditions such a…”
Background
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac arrest systems of care
Kovach, C. P., & Perman, S. M. (2021) · Current Opinion in Critical Care · doi:10.1097/mcc.0000000000000817 · Cited by 44
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ethnic minority communities: a qualitative study on the perspectives of ethnic minority community leaders
Mahmood, F., Acharya, D. R., Kumar, K., & Paudyal, V. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050584 · Cited by 47

Authors: Pareek, M., Bangash, M. N., Pareek, N., Pan, D., Sze, S., Minhas, J. S., Hanif, W., & Khunti, K.
Affiliations: University of Leicester (GB)
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
King's College London (GB)
Corresponding author: Pareek, Manish
ORCID: Pareek, Manish
Bangash, Mansoor N
Pareek, Nilesh
Pan, Daniel
Sze, Shirley
Minhas, Jatinder S
Hanif, Wasim
Khunti, Kamlesh
Venue: The Lancet
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2020-05
Volume: 395
Issue: 10234
Pages: 1421-1422
ISSN: 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
0140-6736
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30922-3
PMC: PMC7173801
OpenAlex: W3017361683
Cited by: 426
References: 5
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 119 · 2020: 165
FWCI: 12.48
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: The Lancet (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders: National Institute for Health Research
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare Systems and Challenges
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, ethnicity, racial disparities, mortality, intensive care unit admission, risk factors, clinical outcomes, cardiometabolic comorbidities, smoking, age and sex differences
MeSH terms: Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Ethnicity, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Pneumonia, Viral, Public Health, Research, Social Behavior, Health Behavior, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics

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