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Ethnicity and COVID-19: an urgent public health research priority
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“With emerging evidence on how COVID-19-induced mobility restrictions have disproportionally impacted women (e.g. gender-based violence),60,61 sexual minorities62,63 and ethnic minority groups worldwide,64,65”
From Social consequences of mass quarantine during epidemics: a systematic review with implications for the COVID-19 response (2020) · cites this paper as [65]
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“1 Striking differences between Chinese and Italian mortality indicate ethnicity might affect disease outcome, but there is little to no data to support or refute this.”
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“3 As COVID-19 spreads to areas with large cosmopolitan populations, understanding how ethnicity affects COVID-19 outcomes is essential.”
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Caregiver wellbeing during Covid-19: does being hopeful play a role?
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Risk factors for critical illness and death among adult Brazilians with COVID-19
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Vandrevala, T., Montague, A., Terry, P., & Fielder, M. D. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12848-z · Cited by 15
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“…studies have highlighted the importance of comorbidities, such as obesity and diabetes, and socioeconomic and ethnic background on severity of COVID-19 infection [Docherty et al., 2020; Fang et al 2020; Pareek et al., 2020], factors which are known to vary with space, even over short distances.”
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“Nevertheless, the potential increase in morbidity and mortality for patients choosing to undergo routine surgery at present should be clearly explained as a part of the informed consent process,(21) especially for black and Asian minority ethnic groups.(22,23) Other known risk factors for serious COVID-19 infection in…”
BackgroundHeterogeneous impacts of and vulnerabilities to the COVID-19 pandemic
Li, M., Dai, S., Shi, Y., Qin, K., Brownson, R. C., Kestens, Y., Luo, M., Liu, S., Su, J., Liu, G. G., et al. (2025) · Landscape Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10980-024-02039-z · Cited by 14
“Understanding the roles played by social inequalities in pandemic risk will require studies quantifying absolute risks and outcomes in these disadvantaged groups, as well as qualitative studies of behaviors and responses to pandemic control messages (Pareek et al. 2020).”
COVID-19 en migrantes y minorías étnicas
de Cortázar, A. R. G., Piñán, O. L., Jiménez-Pernett, J., & Ruiz-Azarola, A. (2020) · Gaceta Sanitaria · doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.06.002 · Cited by 14
The effects Of COVID-19 on restaurant industry: A perspective article.
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“Pareek et al. (2020) COVID-19 as propelled in December 2019 in Wuhan, which is in Hubei Territory, China.”
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Translating COVID-19: From Contagion to Containment
Arnaldi, M., Engebretsen, E., & Forsdick, C. (2022) · Journal of Medical Humanities · doi:10.1007/s10912-022-09742-5 · Cited by 13
“…social constructs, cultural identity, and behavioural patterns, … could [in fact] interplay with virus spread through cultural, behavioural, and societal differences including lower socioeconomic status, health-seeking behaviour, and intergenerational cohabitation” (Pareek et al. 2020, 1421–22).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCOVID-19 in Spanish and immigrant patients in a sanitary district of Madrid
Aroca, J. J., Esteban, L. M. M., García-Arata, I., & García‐Martínez, J. (2020) · Revista Española de Quimioterapia · doi:10.37201/req/041.2020 · Cited by 13
Data Comparison of Turkey, Europe, and USA During COVID-19 Process: A Cross-Sectional Study
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“In the current context of COVID-19, research evidence [18] has shown that this group may also have poorer outcomes with some suggesting a possible mechanistic link with low vitamin D status given its role in supporting the immune system [4,19].”
BackgroundCovid-19 and ethnicity: we must seek to understand the drivers of higher transmission
Pan, D., Sze, S., Martin, C. A., Nazareth, J., Woolf, K., Baggaley, R. F., Hollingsworth, T. D., Khunti, K. K., Nellums, L. B., & Pareek, M. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n2709 · Cited by 13
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Psychological Wellbeing and Associated Factors Among Ethnic Minorities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Human phospho‐signaling networks of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are rewired by population genetic variants
Pellegrina, D. V. D. S., Bahcheli, A. T., Krassowski, M., & Reimand, J. (2022) · Molecular Systems Biology · doi:10.15252/msb.202110823 · Cited by 11
“Ethnic and demographic patient characteristics that are at least partially explained by socio-economic factors also affect disease risk (Nicola et al , 2020; Pareek et al , 2020; Webb Hooper et al , 2020).”
Challenges of the COVID‐19 pandemic for social gerontology in Australia
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Italian Sign Language from a Cognitive and Socio-semiotic Perspective
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Causal connections between socioeconomic disparities and COVID-19 in the USA
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The Pandemic and Your Skin—Direct and Indirect Impact of COVID-19
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“An international registry to collect cases of skin manifestations related to COVID-19 was created at the start of the pandemic.”
BackgroundWithin-Country Inequality in COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage: A Scoping Review of Academic Literature
Bergen, N., Johns, N. E., Blanc, D. C., & Hosseinpoor, A. R. (2023) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines11030517 · Cited by 12
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Sexual health and COVID-19: protocol for a scoping review
Kumar, N., Janmohamed, K., Nyhan, K., Forastiere, L., Zhang, W., Kågesten, A., Uhlich, M., de Velde, S. M. V., Francis, J. M., Erausquin, J. T., et al. (2021) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-021-01591-y · Cited by 12
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TMPRSS2 variants and their susceptibility to COVID-19: focus in East Asian and European populationsPreprint
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“A priori, this variation in infection and death rates may be related primarily to differences in factors such as the isolation policies in the different countries or populations, access to medical care, the age structure of the population, and the reliability and scope of the epidemiological data [10].”
BackgroundSocio-Economic Disparities and COVID-19 in the USAPreprint
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Framework to aid analysis and interpretation of ongoing COVID-19 research
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“Indeed, ethnicity has been reported to be an important factor to consider for pandemic planning due to differences in cultural, behavioral, and societal differences affecting health-seeking behavior.(30) This study has some limitations.”
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“Racial, lifestyle, and clinical factors may all have an impact on metabolism in patients with COVID-19 [ 83 – 85 ].”
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COVID-19 morbidity in an ethnic minority: changes during the first year of the pandemic
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A study of factors impacting disease based on the Charlson Comorbidity Index in UK Biobank
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The Impact of COVID-19 on Pedestrian Flow Patterns in Urban POIs—An Example from Beijing
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“COVID-19, as a major public health emergency [1,2], will undoubtedly have a huge impact on cities [3–8] due to their ultra-high population density [3,4], especially regarding pedestrian flow patterns [9,10], which represent changes in the number of people visiting a POI.”
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Metabolic health and lifestyle medicine should be a cornerstone of future pandemic preparedness
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Gabet, S., Thierry, B., Wasfi, R., Simonelli, G., Hudon, C., Lessard, L., Dubé, È., Nasri, B., Kestens, Y., & Moullec, G. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17297-w · Cited by 9
“…health determinants, with differential impacts on the mental health and well-being of populations, depending on age [5], gender [6], housing conditions [7], education [8], job type [9], income [10], or ethnic background [11–13] and, more generally, social and environmental contexts [14, 15].”
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COVID‐19 death and kidney disease in a multiracial Asian country
Goh, B. L., Shanmuganathan, M., Peariasamy, K. M., Misnan, N. A., Chidambaram, S. K., Wong, E. F. S., Pathmanathan, M. D., Ang, K. L., Wong, H. S., & Yeap, L. L. L. (2022) · Nephrology · doi:10.1111/nep.14045 · Cited by 9
A bibliometric analysis of 47-years of research on public health in Peru
Sevillano-Jiménez, J., Carrión-Chambilla, M., Espinoza-Lecca, E., Mori-Quispe, E., Contreras‐Pulache, H., & Moya‐Salazar, J. (2023) · Electronic Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.29333/ejgm/13103 · Cited by 9
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At the deep end: COVID-19 experiences of Zimbabwean health and care workers in the United Kingdom
Mbiba, B., Chireka, B., Kunonga, E., Gezi, K., Matsvai, P., & Manatse, Z. (2020) · Journal of Migration and Health · doi:10.1016/j.jmh.2020.100024 · Cited by 9
Early intervention in psychosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: Maudsley recommendations
Jauhar, S., Lai, S., Bonoldi, I., de Pablo, G. S., Forti, M. D., Alameda, L., Donocik, J. G., Iacoponi, E., Spencer, T. J., Haege, B., et al. (2021) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.02.005 · Cited by 9
COVID-19 and the risk to black, Asian and minority ethnic women during pregnancy
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A COVID‐19 human viral challenge model. Learning from experience
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Perceived COVID-19 risk and testing experiences in the San Ysidro U.S./Mexico border region
Salgin, L., Ayers, L. O., Burola, M. L., Engler, A.-M., Osuna, A., Gay, L., Cain, K. L., Stadnick, N. A., Rabin, B. A., Zaslavsky, I., et al. (2023) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/ibac120 · Cited by 8
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“21 Aggregating groups can conceal important heterogeneity between ethnic groups 11 ; we show that aggregated groups conceal the elevated level of misclassification and risk of severe COVID-19 among the White Gypsy/Traveller group, as the aggregated White group is dominated by the White Scottish…”
BackgroundAkbari, A., Torabi, F., Bedston, S., Lowthian, E., Abbasizanjani, H., Fry, R. J., Lyons, J., Owen, R. K., Khunti, K., & Lyons, R. A. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077675 · Cited by 10
“8 9 This improvement can be made by harnessing the available ethnicity information in routinely collected health data.”
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Self-citationIs lung density associated with severity of COVID-19?
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“This underlines that more attention needs to be paid to associations between COVID-19 progression and ethnicity [29].”
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“21 Wadhera et al studied population characteristics across the 5 New York boroughs to evaluate differences in covid--19 related outcomes.”
BackgroundCOVID-19 and ethnicity: challenges in rheumatology
Kumar, K., Dubey, S., Samanta, A., Bosworth, A., & Moorthy, A. (2020) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keaa329 · Cited by 8
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Adapting Direct Services for Telehealth: A Practical Tutorial
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Critical care and pandemic preparedness and response
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Real-world experience of SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays in UK healthcare workers
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Frequency of HLA Alleles in a Group of Severe COVID‐19 Irani-an Patients
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“ty of the disease including Ethnicity, social, environmental, and genetic factors as well as the time since the beginning of the pandemic (11, 17).”
BackgroundPrioritizing health: Churches response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Williams, M. J., Wagoner, Z., Rodman-Alvarez, S., Pasillas, V., & Sanchez, A. (2021) · Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community · doi:10.1080/10852352.2021.1924593 · Cited by 10
“As of April 2020, there has not been any definitive research between ethnicity and the contraction of COVID-19, although there is increased vulnerability among marginalized groups (Pareek et al., 2020).”
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“disaggregated data, reflecting a lack of data collection [9].”
BackgroundHerath, H. M. M., thusharika, J. M. M. P., Kumari, P. L. P. M. M., Acharige, T. A. W. W., Gunananthan, K., June, B. P. D., Hettiarachchi, N. M., Dona, T. D. K., Mudiyanselage, P. L. R. S. P., Senevirathne, N. B., et al. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-42505/v1 · Cited by 7
“Page 5/14 communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases, which are associated with severe disease and mortality in COVID-19(16).”
BackgroundInfluentialRace-Conscious Bioethics: The Call to Reject Contemporary Scientific Racism
Cerdeña, J. P. (2021) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2020.1861383 · Cited by 7
“…Sato, and Sakuraba 2020; Azar et al. 2020; Chen, Shan, and Qian 2020; Doumas et al. 2020; Katzmarzyk, Salbaum, and Heymsfield 2020; Otu et al. 2020; Pareek et al. 2020) Race is a sociopolitical—not a biological—category, the meaning of which shifts to suit the objectives of those in power; yet the…”
BackgroundDaga, S., Chakravorty, I., Bamrah, J., Menon, G., Dave, S., Chakravorty, S., Bhala, N. B., & Mehta, R. (2020) · The Physician · doi:10.38192/1.6.1.9 · Cited by 6
Interacting Proteins, Polymorphisms and the Susceptibility of Animals to SARS-CoV-2
Hancock, J. T., Rouse, R. C., Stone, E., & Greenhough, A. (2021) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani11030797 · Cited by 6
“Even in humans the susceptibility of the virus is different between men and women [83], and ethnicity appears to be important to disease severity [84].”
BackgroundPatient Empowerment: Apni Jung (Our Fight) against Rheumatoid Arthritis for South Asian Population
Bosworth, A., Dubey, S., Adebajo, A., Moorthy, A., Arora, S., Salim, A., Reehal, J., Paudyal, V., Gupta, M., & Kumar, K. (2021) · Mediterranean Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.31138/mjr.32.2.93 · Cited by 6
Predictors of outcome after CABG in the South-Asian community: a propensity matched analysis
Salmasi, M. Y., Ravishankar, R., Abdullahi, Y. S., Hartley, P., Kyriazis, P. G., Athanasiou, T., & Punjabi, P. P. (2021) · Perfusion · doi:10.1177/02676591211037577 · Cited by 6
Nay, A., Kahn, P. H., Lawler, J. J., & Bratman, G. N. (2022) · Land · doi:10.3390/land11081277 · Cited by 6
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Rollout on Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Admission and Mortality Trends
Barwise, A. K., Tekin, A., Garces, J. P. D., Gajic, O., Pickering, B. W., & Malinchoc, M. (2023) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2023.12.025 · Cited by 6
Witt, A. S., Rudolph, M. I., Sterling, F. D., Azimaraghi, O., Wachtendorf, L. J., Medrano, E. M., Joseph, V. A., Akeju, O., Wongtangman, K., Straker, T., et al. (2024) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000006948 · Cited by 6
Ethnisierungsprozesse und Grenzen
Höfler, C. M., & Klessmann, M. (2021) · Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG eBooks · doi:10.5771/9783845295305-345 · Cited by 6
“356 https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845295305-345, am 19.01.2021, 03:14:31 Open Access - - https://www.nomos-elibrary.de/agb sind sowohl Angehörige ethnischer Minderheiten als auch Einkommensschwache besonders von COVID-19 betroffen8 (vgl. Ahmed et al. 2020; Pareek et al. 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialMejdoubi, M., Djennaoui, M., & Kyndt, X. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043269 · Cited by 6
Pan, D., Sze, S., Martin, C. A., Nevill, C. R., Minhas, J. S., Divall, P., Nazareth, J., Gray, L. J., Khunti, K. K., Abrams, K. R., et al. (2021) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100805 · Cited by 6
Self-citationManning, J. C., Bramley, L., Coad, J. E., Evans, C., Evans, K., Tinkler, L., & Cooper, J. E. (2021) · Journal of research in nursing · doi:10.1177/17449871211018737 · Cited by 6
“…priority setting of specific patient groups, clinical conditions (Zanville et al. 2021) and disciplines (Aroniadis et al. 2020; Bedford et al. 2020; Holmes et al. 2020; Noel et al. 2020; Pareek et al. 2020; Smith et al. 2020), the nursing, midwifery and health visitor voice remains largely muted.”
BackgroundTamasiga, P., Guta, A. T., Onyeaka, H. N., & Kalane, M. S. (2022) · Journal of Social and Economic Development · doi:10.1007/s40847-022-00184-2 · Cited by 6
Chilunga, F. P., Campman, S. L., Galenkamp, H., Boyd, A. C., Bolijn, R., Leenstra, T., Agyemang, C. O., Uiters, E., Prins, M., & Stronks, K. (2023) · International Journal for Equity in Health · doi:10.1186/s12939-023-01936-0 · Cited by 6
“Background One of the important topics during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been that of differences in SARS-CoV-2 infections between migrant and non-migrant populations in high income countries [1].”
BackgroundHachim, I. Y., Hachim, M. Y., Talaat, I. M., López‐Ozuna, V. M., Sharif‐Askari, N. S., Halwani, R., & Hamid, Q. A. (2020) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202005.0364.v1 · Cited by 6
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Developing a research ready population-scale linked data ethnicity-spine in WalesPreprint
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“The availability of ethnicity data directly affects our ability to describe differences for a variety of health and social outcomes (2).”
BackgroundSelf-citationCOVID-19 and the ethnicity link – is there a photochemical link?
Edge, R., & Truscott, T. G. (2021) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43630-020-00004-8 · Cited by 5
Renson, A., Dennis, A. C., Noppert, G. A., McClure, E. S., & Aiello, A. E. (2022) · Current Epidemiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40471-022-00284-x · Cited by 7
Kim, H. H. (2022) · Political Studies Review · doi:10.1177/14789299221106006 · Cited by 6
“The susceptibility to viral infection and related death, along with mental health problems, varies substantially across personal traits as well as environmental characteristics (Alobouia et al., 2020; Kim and Laurence, 2020; Pareek et al., 2020).”
BackgroundLiu, Z., Dai, W., Wang, S., Yao, Y., & Heping Zhang, D. (2023) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.22515 · Cited by 5
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Metadata
- Authors
- Pareek, M., Bangash, M. N., Pareek, N., Pan, D., Sze, S., Minhas, J. S., Hanif, W., & Khunti, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Leicester (GB)
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Pareek, Manish
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-05
- Volume
- 395
- Issue
- 10234
- Pages
- 1421-1422
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- PMC
- PMC7173801
- OpenAlex
- W3017361683
- Cited by
- 426
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 119 · 2020: 165
- FWCI
- 12.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare Systems and Challenges
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, ethnicity, racial disparities, mortality, intensive care unit admission, risk factors, clinical outcomes, cardiometabolic comorbidities, smoking, age and sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Ethnicity, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Pneumonia, Viral, Public Health, Research, Social Behavior, Health Behavior, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
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