The promise of large language models in health care

A large language model for electronic health records

Yang, X., Chen, A., PourNejatian, N., Shin, H. C., Smith, K. E., Parisien, C., Compas, C., Martin, C., Costa, A. B., Flores, M. G., et al. (2022) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-022-00742-2 · Cited by 847

Artificial Intelligence in mental health and the biases of language based models

Straw, I., & Callison-Burch, C. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240376 · Cited by 164

Generative adversarial networks and synthetic patient data: current challenges and future perspectives

Arora, A., & Arora, A. (2022) · Future Healthcare Journal · doi:10.7861/fhj.2022-0013 · Cited by 161

Large language models in medicine

Thirunavukarasu, A. J., Ting, D. S. J., Elangovan, K., Gutierrez, L., Tan, T. F., & Ting, D. S. W. (2023) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-023-02448-8 · Cited by 3,944

Systematic review and meta-analysis of AI-based conversational agents for promoting mental health and well-being

Li, H., Zhang, R., Lee, Y.-C., Kraut, R. E., & Mohr, D. C. (2023) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00979-5 · Cited by 598

ChatGPT for healthcare services: An emerging stage for an innovative perspective

Javaid, M., Haleem, A., & Singh, R. P. (2023) · BenchCouncil Transactions on Benchmarks, Standards and Evaluations · doi:10.1016/j.tbench.2023.100105 · Cited by 429

The application of large language models in medicine: A scoping review

Meng, X., Yan, X., Zhang, K., Liu, D., Cui, X., Yang, Y., Zhang, M., Cao, C., Wang, J., Wang, X., et al. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.109713 · Cited by 414

Generative AI in medical practice: in-depth exploration of privacy and security challenges

Chen, Y., & Esmaeilzadeh, P. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/53008 · Cited by 353

Leveraging Generative AI and Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Roadmap for Healthcare Integration

Yu, P., Xu, H., Hu, X., & Deng, C. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11202776 · Cited by 296

Large language models in medical and healthcare fields: applications, advances, and challenges

Wang, D., & Zhang, S. (2024) · Artificial Intelligence Review · doi:10.1007/s10462-024-10921-0 · Cited by 246

Can ChatGPT provide intelligent diagnoses? A comparative study between predictive models and ChatGPT to define a new medical diagnostic bot

Caruccio, L., Cirillo, S., Polese, G., Solimando, G., Sundaramurthy, S., & Tortora, G. (2023) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2023.121186 · Cited by 171

Revolutionizing Health Care: The Transformative Impact of Large Language Models in Medicine

Zhang, K., Meng, X., Yan, X., Ji, J., Liu, J., Xu, H., Zhang, H., Liu, D., Wang, J., Wang, X., et al. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/59069 · Cited by 148

Enhancing diagnostic capability with multi-agents conversational large language models

Chen, X., Yi, H., You, M., Liu, W., Wang, L., Li, H., Zhang, X., Guo, Y., Fan, L., Chen, G., et al. (2025) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01550-0 · Cited by 147

Large language models streamline automated machine learning for clinical studies

Tayebi Arasteh, S., Han, T., Lotfinia, M., Kuhl, C., Kather, J. N., Truhn, D., & Nebelung, S. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-45879-8 · Cited by 114

Artificial intelligence, ChatGPT, and other large language models for social determinants of health: Current state and future directions

Ong, J. C. L., Seng, B. J. J., Law, J. Z. F., Low, L. L., Kwa, A. L. H., Giacomini, K. M., & Ting, D. S. W. (2024) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101356 · Cited by 111

History, development, and principles of large language models: an introductory survey

Wang, Z., Chu, Z., Doan, T. V., Ni, S., Yang, M., & Zhang, W. (2025) · AI and Ethics · doi:10.1007/s43681-024-00583-7 · Cited by 109

AutoRepo: A general framework for multimodal LLM-based automated construction reporting

Pu, H., Yang, X., Li, J., & Guo, R. (2024) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2024.124601 · Cited by 120

Navigating artificial general intelligence development: societal, technological, ethical, and brain-inspired pathways

Raghu Raman, R., Kowalski, R. M., Achuthan, K., Iyer, A., & Nedungadi, P. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-92190-7 · Cited by 136

AI in Rehabilitation Medicine: Opportunities and Challenges

Lanotte, F., O’Brien, M. K., & Jayaraman, A. (2023) · Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.5535/arm.23131 · Cited by 122

Large language models for preventing medication direction errors in online pharmacies

Pais, C., Liu, J., Voigt, R., Gupta, V., Wade, E., & Bayati, M. (2024) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-024-02933-8 · Cited by 101

Large Language Models in Neurology Research and Future Practice

Romano, M. F., Shih, L. C., Paschalidis, I. C., Au, R., & Kolachalama, V. B. (2023) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000207967 · Cited by 74

Large language models illuminate a progressive pathway to artificial intelligent healthcare assistant

Yuan, M., Bao, P., Yuan, J., Shen, Y., Chen, Z., Xie, Y., Zhao, J., Li, Q., Chen, Y., Zhang, L., et al. (2024) · Medicine Plus · doi:10.1016/j.medp.2024.100030 · Cited by 93

A Survey of Large Language Models for Healthcare: From Data, Technology, and Applications to Accountability and Ethics

He, K., Mao, R., Lin, Q., Ruan, Y., Lan, X., Feng, M., & Cambria, E. (2024) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4809363 · Cited by 69

Utility of artificial intelligence‐based large language models in ophthalmic care

Biswas, S., Davies, L. N., Sheppard, A. L., Logan, N. S., & Wolffsohn, J. S. (2024) · Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics · doi:10.1111/opo.13284 · Cited by 61

Large Language Models and Artificial Intelligence: A Primer for Plastic Surgeons on the Demonstrated and Potential Applications, Promises, and Limitations of ChatGPT

Abi‐Rafeh, J., Xu, H. H., Kazan, R., Tevlin, R., & Furnas, H. J. (2023) · Aesthetic Surgery Journal · doi:10.1093/asj/sjad260 · Cited by 52

Physician Versus Large Language Model Chatbot Responses to Web-Based Questions From Autistic Patients in Chinese: Cross-Sectional Comparative Analysis

He, W., Zhang, W., Jin, Y., Zhou, Q., Zhang, H., & Xia, Q. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/54706 · Cited by 48

Applications of Large Language Models in the Field of Suicide Prevention: Scoping Review

Holmes, G., Tang, B., Gupta, S., Venkatesh, S., Christensen, H. M., & Whitton, A. E. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/63126 · Cited by 62

Exploring large language model for next generation of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology

Jin, K., Lu, Y., Wu, H., Grzybowski, A. E., & Ye, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1291404 · Cited by 39

Unraveling the landscape of large language models: a systematic review and future perspectives

Ding, Q., Ding, D., Wang, Y., Guan, C., & Ding, B. (2023) · Journal of Electronic Business & Digital Economics · doi:10.1108/jebde-08-2023-0015 · Cited by 51

Artificial intelligence: Augmenting telehealth with large language models

Snoswell, C. L., Snoswell, A., Kelly, J. T., Caffery, L. J., & Smith, A. C. (2023) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x231169055 · Cited by 37

Medical Misinformation in AI-Assisted Self-Diagnosis: Development of a Method (EvalPrompt) for Analyzing Large Language Models

Zada, T., Tam, N., Barnard, F., Sittert, M. V., Bhat, V., & Rambhatla, S. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/66207 · Cited by 50

Large Language Models Applied to Health Care Tasks May Improve Clinical Efficiency, Value of Care Rendered, Research, and Medical Education

Kunze, K. N., Nwachukwu, B. U., Cote, M. P., & Ramkumar, P. N. (2024) · Arthroscopy The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2024.12.010 · Cited by 37

Several Categories of Large Language Models (LLMs): A Short Survey

Pahune, S. A., & Chandrasekharan, M. (2023) · International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology · doi:10.22214/ijraset.2023.54677 · Cited by 54

The new paradigm in machine learning – foundation models, large language models and beyond: a primer for physicians

Scott, I. A., & Zuccon, G. (2024) · Internal Medicine Journal · doi:10.1111/imj.16393 · Cited by 36

The use of artificial intelligence to aid in oral hygiene education: A scoping review

Tay, J. R. H., Ng, E., Chow, D. Y., & Sim, C. P. C. (2023) · Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104564 · Cited by 27

Need an AI-Enabled, Next-Generation, Advanced ChatGPT or Large Language Models (LLMs) for Error-Free and Accurate Medical Information

Chakraborty, C., Bhattacharya, M., & Lee, S.-S. (2024) · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10439-023-03297-9 · Cited by 27

A Review of Large Language Models in Healthcare: Taxonomy, Threats, Vulnerabilities, and Framework

Hamid, R., & Brohi, S. N. (2024) · Big Data and Cognitive Computing · doi:10.3390/bdcc8110161 · Cited by 29

Forecasting Artificial General Intelligence for Sustainable Development Goals: A Data-Driven Analysis of Research Trends

Raghu Raman, R., Iyer, A., & Nedungadi, P. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17167347 · Cited by 24

Managing Asymmetric Events With Anticipatory and Reactive Strategies

Short, C. E., & Pfarrer, M. D. (2023) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/01492063231198174 · Cited by 22

Taming Unleashed Large Language Models With Blockchain for Massive Personalized Reliable Healthcare

Sun, L., Liu, D., Wang, M., Han, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhou, B., Ren, Y. C., & zhu, P. (2025) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2025.3528526 · Cited by 22

Large Language Models in Critical Care Medicine: Scoping Review

Shi, T., Ma, J., Yu, Z., Xu, H., Yang, R., Xiong, M., Xiao, M., Li, Y., Zhao, H., & Kong, G. (2025) · JMIR Medical Informatics · doi:10.2196/76326 · Cited by 21

A survey on biomedical automatic text summarization with large language models

Huang, Z., Chen, X., Wang, Y., Huang, J., & Zhao, X. (2025) · Information Processing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2025.104216 · Cited by 24

Multi-step retrieval and reasoning improves radiology question answering with large language models

Wind, S., Sopa, J., Truhn, D., Lotfinia, M., Nguyen, T.-T., Bressem, K. K., Adams, L. C., Rusu, M., Koestler, H., Wellein, G., et al. (2025) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02250-5 · Cited by 29

Systematic review and meta-analysis of AI-based conversational agents for promoting mental health and well-beingPreprint

Li, H. Z., Zhang, R., Lee, Y., Kraut, R. E., & Mohr, D. C. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/m3vjt · Cited by 19

Artificial Intelligence Performance in Image-Based Cancer Identification: Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews

Xu, H., Gong, T., Song, X., Chen, Q., Bao, Q., Yao, W., Xie, M.-M., Li, C., Grzegorzek, M., Shi, Y., et al. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/53567 · Cited by 22

Large language model comparisons between English and Chinese query performance for cardiovascular prevention

Ji, H., Wang, X., Sia, C., Yap, J. J. L., Lim, S. T., Djohan, A. H., Chang, Y., Zhang, N., Guo, M., Li, F., et al. (2025) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-025-00802-0 · Cited by 18

Exploring the Impact of Large Language Models on Disease Diagnosis

Almubark, I. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3527025 · Cited by 18

A Comprehensive Review of AI in Healthcare: Exploring Neural Networks in Medical Imaging, LLM-Based Interactive Response Systems, NLP-Based EHR Systems, Ethics, and Beyond

Sathe, N., Deodhe, V., Sharma, Y., & Shinde, A. (2023) · International Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication Technologies (ICACCTech) · doi:10.1109/icacctech61146.2023.00108 · Cited by 18

Healthcare: A Growing Role for Large Language Models and Generative AI

Pahune, S. A., & Rewatkar, N. (2023) · International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology · doi:10.22214/ijraset.2023.55573 · Cited by 19

Large language models for mental health diagnosis and treatment: a survey

Ghorbian, M., & Ghobaei-Arani, M. (2025) · Artificial Intelligence Review · doi:10.1007/s10462-025-11418-0 · Cited by 14

Attitudes and perceptions of Chinese oncologists towards artificial intelligence in healthcare: a cross-sectional survey

Li, M., Xiong, X., & Xu, B. (2024) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2024.1371302 · Cited by 15

Foundation Models, Generative AI, and Large Language Models

Ross, A., McGrow, K., Zhi, D., & Rasmy, L. (2024) · CIN Computers Informatics Nursing · doi:10.1097/cin.0000000000001149 · Cited by 17

Revolutionizing Brain Tumor Analysis: A Fusion of ChatGPT and Multi-Modal CNN for Unprecedented Precision

Rawas, S., & Samala, A. D. (2024) · International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) · doi:10.3991/ijoe.v20i08.47347 · Cited by 14

Using large language model (LLM) to identify high-burden informal caregivers in long-term care

Chien, S.-C., Yen, C.-M., Chang, Y.-H., Chen, Y., Liu, C.-C., Hsiao, Y.-P., Yang, P.-Y., Lin, H.-M., Yang, T.-E., Lu, X., et al. (2024) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108329 · Cited by 16

Practical implementation of generative artificial intelligence systems in healthcare: A United States perspective

Burns, B., Nemelka, B., & Arora, A. (2024) · Future Healthcare Journal · doi:10.1016/j.fhj.2024.100166 · Cited by 14

Health Disparities Through Generative AI Models: A Comparison Study Using a Domain Specific Large Language Model

Bautista, Y. J. P., Theran, C., Aló, R., & Lima, V. (2023) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-47454-5_17 · Cited by 15

A large language model in solving primary healthcare issues: A potential implication for remote healthcare and medical education

Mondal, H., De, R., Mondal, S., & Juhi, A. (2024) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_688_23 · Cited by 13

A Review of Applying Large Language Models in Healthcare

Liu, Q., Yang, R., Gao, Q. F., Liang, T., Wang, X., Li, S., Lei, B., & Gao, K. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3524588 · Cited by 15

Physician Detection of Clinical Harm in Machine Translation: Quality Estimation Aids in Reliance and Backtranslation Identifies Critical Errors

Mehandru, N., Agrawal, S., Xiao, Y., Gao, G., Khoong, E. C., Carpuat, M. J., & Salehi, N. (2023) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.712 · Cited by 17

Computational modeling for medical data: From data collection to knowledge discovery

Yin, Y., Xu, S., Hong, Y., Cai, Y., Tang, W., Wang, J., Shen, B., Zong, H., & Yu, G. (2024) · The Innovation Life · doi:10.59717/j.xinn-life.2024.100079 · Cited by 11

Generalizable clinical note section identification with large language models

Zhou, W., & Miller, T. A. (2024) · JAMIA Open · doi:10.1093/jamiaopen/ooae075 · Cited by 11

Enhancing the interoperability and transparency of real-world data extraction in clinical research: evaluating the feasibility and impact of a ChatGLM implementation in Chinese hospital settings

Wang, B., Lai, J., Cao, H., Jin, F., Li, Q., Tang, M., Yao, C., & Zhang, P. (2024) · European Heart Journal - Digital Health · doi:10.1093/ehjdh/ztae066 · Cited by 12

Generative Artificial Intelligence-Based Medical Entity Data Extractor Using Large Language ModelsPreprint

Ghali, M.-K., Farrag, A., Sakai, H., baz, H. E., Jin, Y., & Lam, S. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5063216 · Cited by 12

Ethics and trustworthiness of artificial intelligence in Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary surgery: a snapshot of insights from the European-African Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association (E-AHPBA) survey

Rashidian, N., Hilal, M. A., Frigerio, I. M., Guerra, M., Sterckx, S., Tozzi, F., Capelli, G., Verdi, D., Spolverato, G., Gulla, A., et al. (2024) · HPB · doi:10.1016/j.hpb.2024.12.016 · Cited by 10

Artificial intelligence is going to transform the field of endocrinology: an overview

Belkhouribchia, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1513929 · Cited by 14

The Pulse of Artificial Intelligence in Cardiology: A Comprehensive Evaluation of State-of-the-Art Large Language Models for Potential Use in Clinical CardiologyPreprint

Novák, A., Zeljković, I., Rode, F., Lisičić, A., Nola, I. A., Pavlović, N., & Manola, Š. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.08.08.23293689 · Cited by 10

Prospects and Ethics of ChatGPT in Biomedical Research and Medical Practice: An Emphasis on Nanotechnology

Faiyazuddin, M., Gholap, A. D., Maqsood, S., Abbas, S., Chaudhari, Y. S., Sharmila, S., & Webster, T. J. (2024) · Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology · doi:10.1166/jbn.2024.3925 · Cited by 10

A scalable framework for evaluating health language models

Mallinar, N., Heydari, A. A., Liu, X., Faranesh, A. Z., Winslow, B. D., Hammerquist, N., Graef, B., Speed, C., Malhotra, M., Patel, S., et al. (2026) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-026-02492-x · Cited by 23

Natural Language Processing for Chest X‐Ray Reports in the Transformer Era: BERT‐Like Encoders for Comprehension and GPT‐Like Decoders for Generation

Yuan, H. (2025) · iRadiology · doi:10.1002/ird3.115 · Cited by 10

ChatGPT/AI in Healthcare Management

Benet, D. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medical Research · doi:10.46889/jcmr.2023.4301 · Cited by 8

Neural Conversational Agent for Weight Loss Counseling: Protocol for an Implementation and Feasibility Study

Kotov, A., Carcone, A. I., & Towner, E. (2024) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/60361 · Cited by 10

Evolution of the “Internet Plus Health Care” Mode Enabled by Artificial Intelligence: Development and Application of an Outpatient Triage System

Yang, L., Pang, J., Zuo, S., Xu, J., Jin, W., Zuo, F., Xue, K., Xiao, Z., Peng, X., Xu, J., et al. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/51711 · Cited by 12

The intersection of digital health and artificial intelligence: Clearing the cloud of uncertainty

Graili, P., & Farhoudi, B. (2025) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076251315621 · Cited by 8

Toward Realizing the Promise of AI in Precision Health Across the Spectrum of Care

Wiens, J., Spector‐Bagdady, K., & Mukherjee, B. (2024) · Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genom-010323-010230 · Cited by 8

Unlocking the Potentials of Large Language Models in Orthodontics: A Scoping Review

Zheng, J., Ding, X., Pu, J. J., Chung, S. M., Ai, Q. Y. H., Hung, K. F., & Shan, Z. (2024) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering11111145 · Cited by 11

A large language model-empowered agent for reliable and robust structural analysis

Liu, J., Geng, Z., Cao, R., Cheng, L., Bocchini, P., & Cheng, M. (2026) · Structure and Infrastructure Engineering · doi:10.1080/15732479.2026.2630123 · Cited by 14

Beyond the ML Model: Applying Safety Engineering Frameworks to Text-to-Image Development

Rismani, S., Shelby, R. M., Smart, A., Santos, R. D., Moon, A., & Rostamzadeh, N. (2023) · Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI Ethics and Society · doi:10.1145/3600211.3604685 · Cited by 10

Embracing the Future of Clinical Trials in Radiation Therapy: An NRG Oncology CIRO Technology Retreat Whitepaper on Pioneering Technologies and AI-Driven Solutions

Xiao, Y., Benedict, S., Cui, Y., Glide‐Hurst, C. K., Graves, S. A., Jia, X., Kry, S. F., Li, H., Lin, L., Matuszak, M. M., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2025.01.006 · Cited by 7

Pharmacist vs machine: Pharmacy services in the age of large language models

Snoswell, C. L., Falconer, N., & Snoswell, A. (2023) · Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.03.006 · Cited by 7

Real-World Performance of Large Language Models in Emergency Department Chest Pain TriagePreprint

Meng, X., Ji, J., Yan, X., Xu, H., Gao, J., Wang, J., Wang, J., Wang, X., Wang, Y.-G.-S., Wang, W., et al. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.04.24.24306264 · Cited by 7

Encouraging dissemination of research on the use of artificial intelligence and related innovative technologies in clinical pharmacy practice and education: call for papers

Hoti, K., & Weidmann, A. E. (2024) · International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy · doi:10.1007/s11096-024-01777-z · Cited by 7

A Dataset for Evaluating Large Language Models on Chinese National Medical Licensing Examinations

Zong, H., Cha, J., Wang, J., Song, Y., Zhao, Y., Shi, M., & Shen, B. (2026) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-026-07261-9 · Cited by 7

Narrative Review of Electronic Health Record Systems in Anesthesia: Benefits, Risks, and Medico-Legal Considerations in the United States of America

Tewfik, G., Minzter, B. H., Chiao, F., Zivot, J., Wecksell, M. B., Allan F. Simpao, M., Collaborators, C., O’Reilly-Shah, V. N., Berg, K. B., Wang, E., et al. (2025) · Journal of Medical Systems · doi:10.1007/s10916-025-02221-z · Cited by 6

Large Language Model–Based Construction Site Management for Severe Weather Preparedness

Lee, J.-W., Jang, K., Sparkling, A. E., & Kang, K. (2025) · Journal of Construction Engineering and Management · doi:10.1061/jcemd4.coeng-17168 · Cited by 6

Teaching Clinical Reasoning in Health Care Professions Learners Using AI-Generated Script Concordance Tests: Mixed Methods Formative Evaluation

Hudon, A., Phan, V., Charlin, B., & Wittmer, R. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/76618 · Cited by 10

Performance of Large Language Models in Metabolic Bariatric Surgery: a Comparative Study

El-Masry, H., El‐mezayen, M. Y., Farouk, B., Tawfik, A. M., Sharsher, P. S., Mohamed, B. H., Elmagd, A. A., Khammas, A. A., Nimeri, A. A., COHEN, R. V., et al. (2025) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-025-08418-y · Cited by 6

Large language model-augmented model predictive control for marine vessels in uncertain marine environments

Zeng, T., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Ocean Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.123628 · Cited by 6

Large Language Models for Healthcare: Applications, Models, Datasets, and Challenges

Rezgui, K. (2024) · International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT) · doi:10.1109/codit62066.2024.10708253 · Cited by 7

Transforming Consumer Experience Through ChatGPT

Damaševičius, R., & Zailskaitė‐Jakštė, L. (2024) · Advances in business information systems and analytics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-0815-8.ch008 · Cited by 6

Navigating the landscape of medical triage: Unveiling the potential and challenges of large language models and beyond

Lansiaux, É., Baron, M.-A., & Vromant, A. (2024) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2024.02.013 · Cited by 6

Caregiver's Evaluation of LLM-Generated Treatment Goals for Patients with Severe Mental Illnesses

James, L., Genga, L., Montagne, B., Hagenaars, M. A., & Gorp, P. M. E. V. (2024) · International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (PETRA) · doi:10.1145/3652037.3663955 · Cited by 6

What’s new in academic international medicine? Artificial intelligence and machine learning is here to stay, forcing rapid adoption and adaptation

Stawicki, S. P., Martinez-Baladejo, M. T., & Ng-Pellegrino, A. (2023) · International Journal of Academic Medicine · doi:10.4103/ijam.ijam_63_23 · Cited by 6

Accuracy and teachability of artificial intelligence chatbots in solving pharmaceutical calculations: a descriptive study

Campbell, N., & Kalabalik-Hoganson, J. (2025) · International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy · doi:10.1007/s11096-025-01947-7 · Cited by 5

Ensemble DeBERTa Models on USMLE Patient Notes Automatic Scoring using Note-based and Character-based approaches

Long, B., Tan, F., & Newman, M. (2023) · Advances in Engineering Technology Research · doi:10.56028/aetr.6.1.107.2023 · Cited by 5

Towards Augmenting Mental Health Personnel with LLM Technology to Provide More Personalized and Measurable Treatment Goals for Patients with Severe Mental Illnesses

James, L., Maessen, M., Genga, L., Montagne, B., Hagenaars, M. A., & Gorp, P. M. E. V. (2024) · Lecture notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-59717-6_13 · Cited by 5

Evaluating multimodal ChatGPT for emergency decision-making of ocular trauma cases

Xue, J., Wang, Z., Chen, N., Wu, Y., Shen, Z., Shao, Y., Zhou, H., & Li, Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2025.1564054 · Cited by 5

Med-Aligner empowers LLM medical applications for complex medical scenarios

Meng, X., Ji, J., Yan, X., Dai, J.-T., Chen, B., Wang, G., Xu, H., Wang, J., Wang, X.-L., Liu, D., et al. (2025) · The Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.xinn.2025.101002 · Cited by 6

Leveraging artificial intelligence-mediated communication for cancer prevention and control and drug addiction: A systematic review

Kim, S. J., Clark, V., Hancock, J. T., Rawassizadeh, R., Liu, H., Taylor, E. A., & Sheppard, V. B. (2025) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/ibaf007 · Cited by 4

AI in peer review: can artificial intelligence be an ally in reducing gender and geographical gaps in peer review? A randomized trial

Teixeira, A. L. D. S. (2025) · Research Integrity and Peer Review · doi:10.1186/s41073-025-00182-y · Cited by 5

Enhancing Korean Medicine Education with Large Language Models: Focusing on the Development of Educational Artificial Intelligence

Park, S.-Y., & Kim, C.-E. (2023) · 동의생리병리학회지 · doi:10.15188/kjopp.2023.10.37.5.134 · Cited by 5

Unleashing the Power of Language Models in Clinical Settings: A Trailblazing Evaluation Unveiling Novel Test DesignPreprint

Li, Q., Tang, K. L., Li, S., Zhang, K., Li, Z., Chang, L., Li, W., Shen, B., Ding, J., & Min, X. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.07.11.23292512 · Cited by 4

Editorial Commentary: The Scope of Medical Research Concerning ChatGPT Remains Limited by Lack of Originality

Kunze, K. N. (2024) · Arthroscopy The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2024.09.013 · Cited by 4

Designing user-centered policy for social robotics: policy analysis and consultation with the aging and dementia community

Dosso, J. A., Martin, S. E., Ye, H., Guerra, G. K., Riminchan, A., & Robillard, J. M. (2025) · Disability and Rehabilitation Assistive Technology · doi:10.1080/17483107.2025.2471050 · Cited by 3

Large language models in health care: Development, applications, and challenges

Yang, R., Tan, T. F., Lu, W., Thirunavukarasu, A. J., Ting, D. S. W., & Liu, N. (2023) · Health Care Science · doi:10.1002/hcs2.61 · Cited by 366

Large language models in biomedicine and health: current research landscape and future directions

Lu, Z., Peng, Y., Cohen, T., Ghassemi, M., Weng, C., & Tian, S. (2024) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocae202 · Cited by 92

Generative AI and large language models in health care: pathways to implementation

Raza, M. M., Venkatesh, K. P., & Kvedar, J. C. (2024) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00988-4 · Cited by 121

Enhancing Health Care Communication With Large Language Models—The Role, Challenges, and Future Directions

Subramanian, C. R., Yang, D. A., & Khanna, R. R. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.0347 · Cited by 47

A Framework for Critically Assessing ChatGPT and Other Large Language Artificial Intelligence Model Applications in Health Care

Ilicki, J. (2023) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings Digital Health · doi:10.1016/j.mcpdig.2023.03.006 · Cited by 20