Cited by 317Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsFunctional Brain Connectivity Studies

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Posterior cingulate cortex in Alzheimer's disease

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MINOSHIMA, S·1994·The Lancet

DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92871-1

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Distribution of cerebral degeneration in Alzheimer's disease: A clinico-pathological study
Brun, A., & Gustafson, L. (1976) · Archiv f�r Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten · doi:10.1007/bf00367450 · Cited by 397
In vivo mapping of cholinergic neurons in the human brain using SPECT and IBVM.
Kuhl, D. E., Koeppe, R. A., Fessler, J. A., Minoshima, S., Ackermann, R. J., Carey, J. E., Gildersleeve, D. L., Frey, K. A., & Wieland, D. M. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 117
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“In our previous investigations ofcorticalglucose metabolic activity in AD patients using positron emission tomography (PET), we found significant metabolic reductions in the posterior cingulate cortex [ 1 , 2], a form of “selective vulnerability” at the cortical structural level.”
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“gulate cortex (Minoshima et al., 1994; Herholz et al., 2002).”
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“The PMC shows baseline hypometabolism in functional studies of patients with dementia (Minoshima et al., 1994, 1997; Buckner et al., 2000, 2005; Matsuda, 2001; Scahill et al., 2002; Lustig et al., 2003; Nestor et al., 2003a,b; Buckner, 2004; Drzezga et al., 2005).”
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“…in the anterior cingulate gyrus and hypothalamus (Hu et al., 2002); this finding in conjunction with studies that report AD-associated reduction in cerebral metabolism (Minoshima et al., 1994, 1997) provide further evidence that higher BMI may have neuroprotective effects in older adults.”
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“…hypothesisgenerating MMPLS analysis resembled the patterns of CMRgl declines (Alexander et al., 2002; Landau et al., 2009; Langbaum et al., 2009; Minoshima et al., 1994) and structural changes observed separately in conventional univariate analyses of AD (Ball et al., 1985; Barta et al., 1997;…”
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“4A) in AD patients (Minoshima et al., 1994).”
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“The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) appears to be particularly vulnerable (Minoshima et al., 1994, 1997; * Corresponding author.”
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“…Alzheimer’s disease (AD) characteristically show preferential and progressive neocortical reductions in measurements of the cerebral metabolic rate for glucose or FDG uptake, with the largest reduction found in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC; Minoshima et al., 1994, 1997; Reiman et al., 1996).”
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“Meanwhile, numerous cerebral metabolic studies [16–21] have highlighted that the most involved areas of degeneration in the cortical ribbon are posterior cingulate and precuneus, extending on the lateral surface to parietal and temporal association areas.”
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Cerebral glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease
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“ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 05 December 2013 doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00188 Increase of theta frequency is associated with reduction in regional cerebral blood flow only in subjects with mild cognitive impairment with higher upper alpha/low alpha”
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“The largest reduction is found in the posterior cingulate cortex ( Minoshima et al., 1994, 1997; Reiman et al., 1996).”
Background
Neuropathological investigation of the hypometabolic regions on positron emission tomography with [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies
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“In AD patients, FDG PET using the 3D-SSP analysis shows a regional hypometabolic pattern in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), precuneus, and temporo-parietal association area [2].”
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Novel strategies for Alzheimer's disease treatment
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“1 Synaptic loss, alterations in neurogenesis and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease The neurodegenerative process in AD probably initiates in the entorhinal cortex and the frontal cortex, and disseminates to the hippocampus [33] and other neocortical regions such as the temporal, parietal and cingulate regions […”
Background
Neurochemical organization of the primate visual cortex
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“Modern techniques involving statistical analyses typically find posterior cingulum cortex metabolic decline [17, 18], but it is often difficult to see these on the actual PET scan until later in the disease process.”
Background
Tracking the decline in cerebral glucose metabolism in persons and laboratory animals at genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease
Reiman, E. M., Caselli, R. J., Alexander, G. E., & Chen, K. (2001) · Clinical Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/s1566-2772(01)00006-8 · Cited by 28
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“When cerebral glucose metabolism is measured with PET and the [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose method (18FDG-PET), many researchers, including Minoshima et al. (1994) or Herholz et al. (2002) have reported that a decrease in activity is observed in medial temporal structures, the posterior cingulate cortex, and posterior and f…”
Method
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“Anatomic standardization was performed upon the images using NEUROSTAT (3D-SSP) developed by Minoshima et al. (Cross et al., 2000; Minoshima et al., 1994a, 1995).”
MethodSelf-citation
Profil d’hypométabolisme au stade précoce de la maladie d’Alzheimer : lien avec les déficits mnésiques et le profil d’atrophie
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“…of the mammillary bodies, but this view is challenged by metabolic studies indicating that the earliest consistent declines occur not in hippocampus but in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC; Minoshima et al., 1994, 1997) where amyloid deposition is highest (Buckner et al., 2005; Mintun et al., 2006).”
Background
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“The finding of higher FA in the posterior cingulate white matter and corpus callosum of apoE 2 carriers, as evidenced by our ROI and whole-brain approaches, mirrors the pattern reported in prior literature comparing patients with AD and healthy individuals.7,8 The posterior cingulate is an integral component of the ep…”
BackgroundInfluential
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Alzheimer’s disease
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“Although the latter method is known to yield similar results to those produced by semiquantitative evaluation [16, 40], other means of SPECT analysis (notably statistical parametric mapping (SPM)) are much more accurate [41].”
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“It is especially helpful in the detection of flow reduction in the posterior cingulate cortex [11], which is a strong marker for AD, when present [7].”
Background
Usefulness of visual evaluation of the anterior thalamic radiation by diffusion tensor tractography for differentiating between Alzheimer’s disease and elderly major depressive disorder patients
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“the posterior cingulate gyrus and precuneus, are probably more specific and more frequent in early AD [ 20 , 21, 22, 24].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
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“AD can be characterized by glucose hypometabolism in the parietotemporal region and in the area extending from the posterior cingulate gyrus to the precuneus [9].”
Background
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“Cross-sectional studies have shown rCBF and rCMRgl reductions in the resting state throughout the cortex in AD, involving distinctive brain structures such as the posterior cingulate/precuneus, temporoparietal, and frontal cortices [17, 18].”
Background
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“These regions are frequently involved in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer or Parkinson's dementias [19,20].”
Background
Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography of mild cognitive impairment with clinical follow‐up at 3 years
Pardo, J. V., Lee, J. T., Kuskowski, M. A., Munch, K. R., Carlis, J. V., Sheikh, S. A., Surerus-Johnson, C., Lewis, S. M., McCarten, J. R., Fink, H. A., et al. (2010) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2009.09.005 · Cited by 17
Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECT findings in mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease: Correlation with event related potentials
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“There are some SPECT and PET studies that showed decreased perfusion and glucose metabolism in the posterior cingulate gyrus and precuneus [32–35].”
Background
Reduced posterior cingulate binding of I-123 iodo-dexetimide to muscarinic receptors in mild Alzheimer’s disease
Boundy, K. L., Barnden, L. R., Katsifis, A. G., & Rowe, C. C. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2004.06.012 · Cited by 16
Activation in the premotor cortex during mental calculation in patients with Alzheimer's disease: relevance of reduction in posterior cingulate metabolism
Ouchi, Y., Yoshikawa, E., Futatsubashi, M., Okada, H., Torizuka, T., & Kaneko, M. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.12.035 · Cited by 17
“Consistent with previous reports (Minoshima et al., 1994; Reiman et al., 1996; Salmon et al., 2000), the present study also revealed a metabolic reduction in the parietal posteromedial region, that is, in the precuneus and PCC in AD patients.”
Result
Diagnosis of Dementia Using Perfusion SPECT Imaging at the Patient’s Initial Visit to a Cognitive Disorder Clinic
Uchida, Y., Minoshima, S., Okada, S., Kawata, T., & Ito, H. (2006) · Clinical Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.rlu.0000246818.24566.54 · Cited by 17
Self-citation
Molecular Brain Imaging in the Multimodality Era
Price, J. C. (2012) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2012.29 · Cited by 16
An update on brain imaging in parkinsonian dementia
Petrou, M., Kotagal, V., & Bohnen, N. I. (2012) · Imaging in Medicine · doi:10.2217/iim.12.10 · Cited by 16
Broad-Based Nutritional Supplementation in 3xTg Mice Corrects Mitochondrial Function and Indicates Sex-Specificity in Response to Alzheimer's Disease Intervention
Wolf, A. B., Braden, B. B., Bimonte‐Nelson, H. A., Kusne, Y. N., Young, N., Engler-Chiurazzi, E. B., Garcia, A. N., Walker, D. G., Moses, G. S. D., Tran, V.-H., et al. (2012) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2012-120478 · Cited by 16
Diagnosis of Alzheimer?s disease using brain perfusion SPECT and MR imaging: which modality achieves better diagnostic accuracy?
Kubota, T., Ushijima, Y., Yamada, K., Okuyama, C., Kizu, O., & Nishimura, T. (2004) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-004-1704-9 · Cited by 16
20 Brain Imaging in the Evaluation of Putative Alzheimer’s Disease-Slowing, Risk-Reducing and Prevention Therapies
Reiman, E. M., & Langbaum, J. B. S. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328875.003.0020 · Cited by 16
Animal model of posterior cingulate cortex hypometabolism implicated in amnestic MCI and AD
Riha, P. D., Rojas, J. C., Colorado, R. A., & Gonzalez-Lima, F. (2008) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2008.01.011 · Cited by 15
“Minoshima, Foster, and Kuhl (1994, 1997) were the first to report that metabolic energy reduction in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is the first sign of brain hypometabolism very early in Alzheimer’s disease (AD).”
Background
Diagnostic performance of an automated analysis software for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's dementia with 18F FDG PET.
Partovi, S., Yuh, R. T., Pirozzi, S., Lu, Z., Couturier, S., Grosse, U., SCHLUCHTER, M. D., Nelson, A. S., Jones, R., O’Donnell, J. K., et al. (2017) · PubMed Central · Cited by 15
Differential Effects of the Factor Structure of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised on the Cortical Thickness and Complexity of Patients Aged Over 75 Years in a Memory Clinic Setting
Kinno, R., Shiromaru, A., Mori, Y., Futamura, A., Kuroda, T., Yano, S., Murakami, H., & Ono, K. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00405 · Cited by 15
“Regarding neuroimaging data, previous study has suggested that the cortical abnormality in the posterior cingulate cortex is characteristic of AD pathology (Minoshima et al., 1994, 1997; Lehmann et al., 2010).”
Background
Les substrats cérébraux des troubles de la mémoire épisodique dans la maladie d’Alzheimer
Desgranges, B., Chételat, G., & Eustache, F. (2004) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/s0035-3787(04)70943-1 · Cited by 17
Heterogeneity of posterior limbic perfusion in very early Alzheimer's disease
Nagao, M., Sugawara, Y., Ikeda, M., Fukuhara, R., Ishikawa, T., Murase, K., Kikuchi, T., Mochizuki, T., & Miki, H. (2006) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2006.03.006 · Cited by 15
Variation in FDG uptakes in different regions in normal human brain as a function of the time (30 and 60 minutes) after injection of FDG
Ishii, K., Sakamoto, S., Hosaka, K., Mori, T., & Sasaki, M. (2002) · Annals of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf03000112 · Cited by 15
Self-supervised multimodal learning for group inferences from MRI data: Discovering disorder-relevant brain regions and multimodal links
Fedorov, A., Geenjaar, E., Wu, L., Sylvain, T., DeRamus, T. P., Luck, M. M., Misiura, M. B., Mittapalle, G., Hjelm, R. D., Plis, S., et al. (2023) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120485 · Cited by 17
Three-dimensional stereotactic surface projection in the statistical analysis of single photon emission computed tomography data for distinguishing between Alzheimer’s disease and depression
Kirino, E. (2017) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v7.i2.121 · Cited by 14
Posterior cortical atrophy: an exemplar for renovating diagnostic formulation in neuropsychiatry
Goldstein, M. A., Ivanov, I., & Silverman, M. E. (2010) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.06.013 · Cited by 14
Detectability of hypometabolic regions in mild Alzheimer disease: function of time after the injection of 2-[fluorine 18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose.
Sakamoto, S., Ishii, K., Hosaka, K., Mori, T., Sasaki, M., & Mori, E. (2005) · PubMed Central · Cited by 13
Quantitative Cytochrome Oxidase Histochemistry: Applications in Human Alzheimer's Disease and Animal Models
Valla, J., Schneider, L. E., Small, A. M., & Gonzalez-Lima, F. (2007) · Journal of Histotechnology · doi:10.1179/his.2007.30.4.235 · Cited by 11
[18F]FDG-PET as an Imaging Biomarker to NMDA Receptor Antagonist-Induced Neurotoxicity
Shirakawa, T., Mitsuoka, K., Kuroda, K., Miyoshi, S., Shiraki, K., Naraoka, H., Noda, A., Fujikawa, A., & Fujiwara, M. (2013) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kft036 · Cited by 11
“Dynamic PET images were reconstructed using a dynamic row-action maximum likelihood algorithm and anatomically standardized using a Neurostat (Cross et al., 2000; Minoshima et al., 1994, 1995).”
Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients With Peritoneal Dialysis by an Easy Z‐Score Imaging System for Brain Perfusion Single‐Photon Emission Tomography
Isshiki, R., Kobayashi, S., Iwagami, M., Tsutumi, D., Mochida, Y., Ishioka, K., Oka, M., Maesato, K., Moriya, H., Ohtake, T., et al. (2014) · Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis · doi:10.1111/1744-9987.12107 · Cited by 11
Clinical Staging of Semantic Dementia in an FDG-PET Study Using FTLD-CDR
Kim, E., Kim, B. C., Kim, S.-J., Jung, D. S., Sin, J.-S., Yoon, Y.-J., Chin, J., Lee, K.-H., & Na, D. L. (2012) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000345506 · Cited by 11
Can Neuroimaging Techniques Identify Individuals at Risk of Developing Alzheimer's Disease?
Bottino, C. M. C., & Almeida, O. P. (1997) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610297004535 · Cited by 11
“Another brain region that may improve the diagnosis of early AD with PET seemed to be the posterior cingulate cortex (Minoshima et al., 1994).”
Background
Regional brain volumes relate to Alzheimer’s disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and neuropsychometry: A cross-sectional, observational study
Libowitz, M. R., Wei, K., Tran, T. T., Chu, K. C. W., Moncrieffe, K., Harrington, M. G., & King, K. S. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0254332 · Cited by 10
“The posterior cingulate also demonstrates early involvement in preclinical stages of AD [25, 26] with continued neurodegeneration as AD progresses [27].”
Background
Potential Value of Quantitative Analysis of Cerebral PET in Early Cognitive Decline
Patterson, J. C., Lilien, D. L., Takalkar, A. M., Kelley, R. E., & Minagar, A. (2008) · American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/1533317508323447 · Cited by 10
“More modern techniques involving statistical analyses commonly find posterior cingulate cortex metabolic decline as well.(11,12) Medial temporal lobe hypometabolism is sometimes seen, especially in earlier stages, but is more variable.”
Background
Comparison of Alzheimer’s disease with vascular dementia and non-dementia using specific voxel-based Z score maps
Ishii, S., Shishido, F., Miyajima, M., Sakuma, K., Shigihara, T., Tameta, T., Miyazaki, M., & Kuroda, H. (2009) · Annals of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12149-008-0210-8 · Cited by 10
“The effectiveness of the SPECT response to drug treatment and diagnosis at the stage prior to clinical diagnosis of AD have also been reported [ 1 , 11, 12].”
BackgroundMethod
The effect of β‐amyloid positivity on cerebral metabolism in cognitively normal seniors
Bozoki, A., Zdanukiewicz, M., Zhu, D. C., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2016) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.003 · Cited by 9
“posterior cingulate (PC), with the precuneus, posterior temporal and lateral parietal regions additionally becoming hypometabolic over time [6,7].”
Background
Diagnosis method of mild cognitive impairment based on power variance of EEG
Ueda, T., Musha, T., & Yagi, T. (2013) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2013.6610920 · Cited by 9
When Do Strokes Cause Dementia?
Foster, N. L., & Hickenbottom, S. L. (1999) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.56.7.778 · Cited by 9
Metabolic Activity Value in the Posterior Cingulate Cortex Using F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Brain to Predict the Severity of Alzheimer's
Huda, A., Kartamihardja, A. H. S., Darmawan, B., Budiawan, H., & Wiwie, M. (2017) · World Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.4103/1450-1147.203075 · Cited by 8
Comparative study of anatomical normalization errors in SPM and 3D-SSP using digital brain phantom
Onishi, H., Matsutake, Y., Kawashima, H., Matsutomo, N., & Amijima, H. (2010) · Annals of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12149-010-0448-9 · Cited by 8
Distinct patterns of medial temporal impairment in degenerative dementia: a brain SPECT perfusion study in Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia
Basely, M., Ceccaldi, M. P., Boyer, L., MUNDLER, O., & Guedj, É. (2013) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-013-2389-8 · Cited by 12
“In a multimodality study comparing MRI and [18F]FDG PET in 18 patients suffering from moderate AD, Chételat et al. [47] also demonstrated that hippocampal atrophy is clearly predominant in the hypometabolism of this region.”
BackgroundInfluential
Effect of Prefiltering Cutoff Frequency and Scatter and Attenuation Corrections During Normal Database Creation for Statistical Imaging Analysis of the Brain
Onishi, H., Matsutake, Y., Matsutomo, N., Kai, Y., & Amijima, H. (2011) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology · doi:10.2967/jnmt.110.079871 · Cited by 8
The Statistical Imaging Analysis in Brain Using Nuclear Medicine and fMRI Techniques
KAWAMURA, S. (2003) · Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology · doi:10.6009/jjrt.kj00000921796 · Cited by 8

Authors: MINOSHIMA, S.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author: MINOSHIMA, S
ORCID: MINOSHIMA, S
Venue: The Lancet
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1994-09
Volume: 344
Issue: 8926
Pages: 895
ISSN: 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
0140-6736
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92871-1
OpenAlex: W2045977955
Cited by: 316
References: 2
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 4.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The Lancet (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Energy (DE‐FG02‐, DE-FG02-87ER60561)
National Institutes of Health (5r01ns024896-15)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01 NS24896)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Keywords: posterior cingulate cortex, Alzheimer's disease, neuroimaging, neurodegeneration
MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Tomography, Emission-Computed

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