Cited by 623Clinical Nutrition and GastroenterologySepsis Diagnosis and TreatmentNosocomial Infections in ICU

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Randomised trial of glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition on infectious morbidity in patients with multiple trauma

Houdijk, Alexander PJ, Rijnsburger, Emmy R, Jansen, Jaap, Wesdorp, Robert IC, Weiss, Jeffery K, McCamish, Mark A, Teerlink, Tom, Meuwissen, Stephan GM, Haarman, Henk J Th M, Thijs, Lambertus G, van Leeuwen, Paul AM·1998·The Lancet

DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(98)02007-8

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background Infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with multiple trauma. Studies in both animals and human beings have suggested that glutamine-enriched nutrition decreases the number of infections. Methods Patients with multiple trauma with an expected survival of more than 48 h, and who had an Injury Severity Score of 20 or more, were randomly allocated glutamine supplemented enteral nutrition or a balanced, isonitrogenous, isocaloric enteral-feeding regimen along with usual care. Each patient was assessed every 8 h for infection, the primary endpoint. Data were analysed both per protocol, which included enteral feeding for at least 5 days, and by intention to treat. Findings 72 patients were enrolled and 60 received enteral feeding (29 glutamine-supplemented) for at least 5 days. Five (17%) of 29 patients in the glutamine-supplemented group had pneumonia compared with 14 (45%) of 31 patients in the control group (p<0.02). Bacteraemia occurred in two (7%) patients in glutamine group and 13 (42%) in the control group (p<0.005). One patient in the glutamine group had sepsis compared with eight (26%) patients in the control group (p<0.02). Interpretation There was a low frequency of pneumonia, sepsis, and bacteraemia in patients with multiple trauma who received glutamine-supplemented enteral nutrition. Larger studies are needed to investigate whether glutamine-supplemented enteral nutrition reduces mortality.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0140-6736(98)02007-8

Cites

31 of 31 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Prediction of Creatinine Clearance from Serum Creatinine
Cockcroft, D. W., & Gault, H. (2008) · The Nephron journals/Nephron journals · doi:10.1159/000180580 · Cited by 15,291
The injury severity score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care.
Baker, S. P., O’Neill, B., Haddon, W. F., & Long, W. B. (1974) · PubMed · Cited by 7,946
THE INJURY SEVERITY SCORE
Baker, S. P., O’Neill, B., Haddon, W. F., & Long, W. B. (1974) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/00005373-197403000-00001 · Cited by 7,326
A biometric study of basal metabolism in man
Harris, J. A., & Benedict, F. G. (2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,847
A Controlled Clinical Trial of High-Dose Methylprednisolone in the Treatment of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock
Bone, R. C., Fisher, C. J., Clemmer, T. P., Slotman, G. J., Metz, C. A., BALK, R. A., & The Methylprednisolone Severe Sepsis Study Group (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198709103171101 · Cited by 1,437
Enteral Versus Parenteral Feeding Effects on Septic Morbidity After Blunt and Penetrating Abdominal Trauma
Kudsk, K. A., Croce, M. A., Fabian, T. C., Minard, G., Tolley, E. A., PORET, H. A., KUHL, M. R., & Brown, R. O. (1992) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-199205000-00013 · Cited by 1,149
Epidemiology of trauma deaths
Baker, C. C., Oppenheimer, L., Stephens, B. G., Lewis, F. R., & Trunkey, D. D. (1980) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/0002-9610(80)90431-6 · Cited by 850
TEN versus TPN following Major Abdominal Trauma—Reduced Septic Morbidity
Moore, F. A., Moore, E. E., Jones, T. N., McCroskey, B. L., & Peterson, V. M. (1989) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/00005373-198907000-00003 · Cited by 818
Clinical and Metabolic Efficacy of Glutamine-supplemented Parenteral Nutrition after Bone Marrow Transplantation
Ziegler, T. R., Young, L. S., Benfell, K., Scheltinga, M. R., Hortos, K., BYE, R. L., Morrow, F. D., Jacobs, D. O., Smith, R. J., Antin, J. H., et al. (1992) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-116-10-821 · Cited by 752
Glutamine and the preservation of gut integrity
van der Hulst, R. R. W. J., von Meyenfeldt, M. F., Deutz, N. E. P., Soeters, P. B., Brummer, R. J. M., von Kreel, B. K., & Arends, J. W. (1993) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)90939-e · Cited by 657

Show all 32 references

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 623

Role of L-glutamine in critical illness: new insights
Kelly, D., & Wischmeyer, P. E. (2003) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/00075197-200303000-00011 · Cited by 82
New Developments in Glutamine Delivery
Fürst, P. (2001) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/131.9.2562s · Cited by 80
Management of the patient with an open abdomen: Techniques in temporary and definitive closure
Rutherford, E. J., Skeete, D. A., & Brasel, K. J. (2004) · Current Problems in Surgery · doi:10.1067/j.cpsurg.2004.08.002 · Cited by 80
Glutamine in critical care: current evidence from systematic reviews
Avenell, A. (2006) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns2006498 · Cited by 79
Nitrogenous components of human milk: non-protein nitrogen, true protein and free amino acids
Carratù, B., Boniglia, C., Scalise, F., Ambruzzi, A. M., & Sanzini, E. (2003) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0308-8146(02)00430-2 · Cited by 79
Side Effects of Long‐Term Glutamine Supplementation
Holeček, M. (2012) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607112460682 · Cited by 79
Position paper of the ESICM Working Group on Nutrition and Metabolism
Biolo, G., GRIMBLE, G. K., Preiser, J., Leverve, X. M., Jolliet, P., Planás, M., Roth, E., Wernerman, J., & Pichard, C. (2002) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-002-1512-2 · Cited by 78
“Importantly, a decrease in septic morbidity following enteral glutamine supplementation was reported in one study [ 29 ], but not in another [32].”
Background
Treatment with glutamine is associated with down-regulation of Toll-like receptor-4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 expression and decrease in intestinal mucosal injury caused by lipopolysaccharide endotoxaemia in a rat
Kessel, A., Toubi, E., Pavlotzky, E., Mogilner, J., Coran, A. G., Lurie, M., Karry, R., & Sukhotnik, I. (2007) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03571.x · Cited by 77
Does the addition of glutamine to enteral feeds affect patient mortality?*
Schulman, A. S., Willcutts, K. F., Claridge, J. A., Evans, H. L., Radigan, A. E., O’Donnell, K. B., Camden, J. R., Chong, T. W., McElearney, S. T., Smith, R. L., et al. (2005) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000185643.02676.d3 · Cited by 77
Glutamine supplementation in acute pancreatitis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Asrani, V. M., Chang, W. K., Dong, Z., Hardy, G., Windsor, J. A., & Petrov, M. S. (2013) · Pancreatology · doi:10.1016/j.pan.2013.07.282 · Cited by 78
“[16], the use of L-glutaminesupplemented EN resulted in a significantly decreased risk of pneumonia, sepsis and bacteraemia in multiple trauma patients.”
Background
Glutamine in the Fetus and Critically Ill Low Birth Weight Neonate: Metabolism and Mechanism of Action
Neu, J. (2001) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/131.9.2585s · Cited by 77
Guidelines for Preventing Health-Care-Associated Pneumonia, 2003 Recommendations of the CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee
Hughes, J. M., Cardo, D. M., & Cohen, M. L. (2004) · Respiratory Care · doi:10.4187/respcare.04490926 · Cited by 77
The feeding route (enteral or parenteral) affects the plasma response of the dipetide Ala-Gln and the amino acids glutamine, citrulline and arginine, with the administration of Ala-Gln in preoperative patients
Melis, G. C., Boelens, P. G., van der Sijp, J. R. M., Popovici, T., Bandt, J. P. D., Cynober, L., & van Leeuwen, P. A. M. (2005) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20051463 · Cited by 77
“Houdijk et al. (1998) showed that glutamineenriched enteral nutrition normalised plasma arginine concentration in trauma patients with low plasma arginine levels at the onset of the trial (56 (SD 25)mmol/l).”
Glutamine: Do the Data Support the Cause for Glutamine Supplementation in Humans?
Alpers, D. (2006) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.049 · Cited by 76
Glutamine Supplementation in Critical Illness: Evidence, Recommendations, and Implications for Clinical Practice in Burn Care
Windle, E. M. (2006) · Journal of Burn Care & Research · doi:10.1097/01.bcr.0000245417.47510.9c · Cited by 74
“Should we aim some for some preburn baseline or maximum plasma GLN value before deciding to discontinue therapy? Increases in plasma GLN are seen in mixed ICU populations with enteral GLN supplementation, when patients receive GLN for at least 5 days via a route that ensures optimum delivery (ie, nasoduodenal tube), w…”
BackgroundInfluential
American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Medical Guidelines for the Clinical Use of Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals
Mechanick, J. I., Brett, E. M., Chausmer, A. B., Dickey, R. A., Wallach, S., Bergman, D. A., Garber, J. R., Hamilton, C. R., Handelsman, Y., Holdy, K. E., et al. (2003) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.9.5.417 · Cited by 73
Glutamine-enriched total parenteral nutrition in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Ockenga, J., Borchert, K., Stuber, E. R., Lochs, H. H., Manns, M. P., & Bischoff, S. C. (2005) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602243 · Cited by 73
“In various catabolic situations, glutamine administration resulted in a significant decrease in morbidity and mortality (Jiang et al, 1993; Furst et al, 1997; Houdijk et al, 1998).”
Background
Glutamine: role in gut protection in critical illness
Wischmeyer, P. E. (2006) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/01.mco.0000241672.09676.03 · Cited by 73
Enteral Nutrition Prevents Remote Organ Injury and Death After a Gut Ischemic Insult
Fukatsu, K., Zarzaur, B. L., Johnson, C. D., Lundberg, A. H., Wilcox, H. G., & Kudsk, K. A. (2001) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-200105000-00010 · Cited by 72
A Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabonomics Approach for Biomarker Discovery in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Li, H., Wang, L., Yan, X., Liu, Q., Yu, C., Wei, H., Li, Y., Zhang, X., He, F., & Jiang, Y. (2011) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr200047c · Cited by 71
Glutamine protects articular chondrocytes from heat stress and NO-induced apoptosis with HSP70 expression
Tonomura, H., Takahashi, K. A., Mazda, O., Arai, Y., Inoue, A., Terauchi, R., Shin‐Ya, M., Kishida, T., Imanishi, J., & Kubo, T. (2006) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2005.12.008 · Cited by 71
Glutamine-Enriched Enteral Nutrition Increases HLA-DR Expression on Monocytes of Trauma Patients
Boelens, P. G., Houdijk, A. P. J., Fonk, J. C. M., Nijveldt, R. J., Ferwerda, C. C., Blomberg, B. M. E. V., THIJS, L. G., Haarman, H. J. T. M., Puyana, J. C., & van Leeuwen, P. A. M. (2002) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/132.9.2580 · Cited by 71
Self-citation
Glutamine and arginine: immunonutrients for improved health
Field, C. J., JOHNSON, I., & Pratt, V. C. (2000) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200007001-00002 · Cited by 69
The gastrointestinal tract as a barrier in sepsis
Rowlands, B. J., Soong, C. V., & Gardiner, K. R. (1999) · British Medical Bulletin · doi:10.1258/0007142991902213 · Cited by 69
The lower intestinal tract-specific induction of heme oxygenase-1 by glutamine protects against endotoxemic intestinal injury*
Uehara, K., Takahashi, T., Fujii, H., Shimizu, H., Omori, E., Matsumi, M., Yokoyama, M., Morita, K., Akagi, R., & Sassa, S. (2005) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000153407.14237.7f · Cited by 68
“Gln has been shown to be beneficial in the prevention of infectious morbidity and mortality in seriously ill patients (14, 15), in part due to its ability to maintain the integrity of intestinal mucosal epithelium (16, 17).”
Background
The Role of Glutamine in Intensive Care Unit Patients: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Outcome
Coëffier, M., & Déchelotte, P. (2005) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2005.tb00123.x · Cited by 68
Glutamine supplementation
Wernerman, J. (2011) · Annals of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/2110-5820-1-25 · Cited by 66
“The effect on plasma glutamine concentration of an enterally administered glutamine supplementation is marginal [29-31].”
Background
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmaconutrients
Santora, R. J., & Kozar, R. A. (2009) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2009.06.024 · Cited by 66
Glutamine in parenteral nutrition: more food for thought
Elia, M. (1999) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.45.1.6 · Cited by 64
“An early report in adults suggests that glutamine supplemented enteral nutrition reduces infectious complications following multiple trauma.”
Background
Relationship among Plasma Amino Acids, C-Reactive Protein, Illness Severity, and Outcome in Critically Ill Dogs
Chan, D. L., Rozanski, E. A., & Freeman, L. M. (2009) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0296.x · Cited by 62
Glutamine decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-8 production in Caco-2 cells through a non-NF-κB p50 mechanism
Huang, Y., Li, N., Liboni, K., & Neu, J. (2003) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/s1043-4666(03)00115-7 · Cited by 62
Glutamine decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammation in infant rats
Li, N., Liboni, K., Fang, M.-Z., Samuelson, D. A., Lewis, P., Patel, R., & Neu, J. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00493.2003 · Cited by 61
“(23), reported marked decreases in several types of infection including sepsis and pneumonia in adult trauma patients who were supplemented with Gln.”
Background
Inhibition of muscle glutamine formation in hypercatabolic patients
Biolo, G., Fleming, R., Maggi, S. P., Nguyen, T. T., Herndon, D. N., & Wolfe, R. R. (2000) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0990189 · Cited by 61
Enteral glutamine during active shock resuscitation is safe and enhances tolerance of enteral feeding.
McQuiggan, M. M., Kozar, R., Sailors, R., Ahn, C., McKinley, B., & Moore, F. A. (2008) · JPEN - Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/014860710803200128 · Cited by 58
Immunomodulatory therapy for sepsis: an update
Christaki, E., Anyfanti, P., & Opal, S. M. (2011) · Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy · doi:10.1586/eri.11.122 · Cited by 60
ENTERAL GLUTAMINE BUT NOT ALANINE MAINTAINS SMALL BOWEL BARRIER FUNCTION AFTER ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION INJURY IN RATS
Kozar, R. A., Schultz, S. G., Bick, R. J., Poindexter, B. J., DeSoignie, R. C., & Moore, F. A. (2004) · Shock · doi:10.1097/00024382-200405000-00006 · Cited by 59
Basics in clinical nutrition: Immunonutrition – Nutrients which influence immunity: Effect and mechanism of action
Grimble, R. F. (2008) · e-SPEN the European e-Journal of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.eclnm.2008.07.015 · Cited by 58
Glutamine attenuates endotoxin-induced lung metabolic dysfunction: Potential role of enhanced heat shock protein 70
Singleton, K. D., Serkova, N. J., Banerjee, A. M., Meng, X., Gamboni-Robertson, F., & Wischmeyer, P. E. (2005) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2004.05.023 · Cited by 57
Cellular Mechanisms Underlying the Protective Effects of Preoperative Feeding
Awad, S., Constantin‐Teodosiu, D., Constantin, D., Rowlands, B. J., Fearon, K. C. H., Macdonald, I. A., & Lobo, D. N. (2010) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e3181e8fbe6 · Cited by 57
Metabolic effects of enteral versus parenteral alanyl-glutamine dipeptide administration in critically ill patients receiving enteral feeding: A pilot study
Luo, M., Bazargan, N., Griffith, D. P., Estívariz, C. F., Leader, L. M., Easley, K. A., Daignault, N. M., Hao, L., Meddings, J. B., Galloway, J. R., et al. (2008) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2007.12.003 · Cited by 55
Regulation of intestinal protein metabolism by amino acids
Bertrand, J., Goichon, A., Déchelotte, P., & Coëffier, M. (2012) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-012-1325-8 · Cited by 55
Total parenteral nutrition and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: an expensive placebo?
Arfons, L. M., & Lazarus, H. M. (2005) · Bone Marrow Transplantation · doi:10.1038/sj.bmt.1705039 · Cited by 55
Anti-apoptotic Effects of L-Glutamine—Mediated Transcriptional Modulation of the Heat Shock Protein 72 During Heat Shock
Ropeleski, M. J., Riehm, J., Baer, K. A., Musch, M. W., & Chang, E. B. (2005) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.05.017 · Cited by 55
Perioperative Intravenous Glutamine Supplemetation in Major Abdominal Surgery for Cancer
Gianotti, L. V., Braga, M., Biffi, R., Bozzetti, F., & Mariani, L. (2009) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e3181bcb28d · Cited by 54
Metabolism and nutritional support in the surgical neonate
Pierro, A. (2002) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1053/jpsu.2002.32879 · Cited by 54
Route of administration (enteral or parenteral) affects the contribution of l -glutamine to de novo l -arginine synthesis in mice: a stable-isotope study
Boelens, P. G., Melis, G. C., van Leeuwen, P. A. M., Have, G. A. M. T., & Deutz, N. E. P. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00252.2005 · Cited by 54
“The relationship between L-glutamine and L-arginine was already suggested from the results of a double-blind, randomized trial performed by our group (21), providing free L-glutamineenriched enteral nutrition or an isonitrogenous and isocaloric control nutrition to severely injured trauma patients.”
Glutamine Induces Heat Shock Protein Expression Via O‐Glycosylation and Phosphorylation of HSF‐1 and Sp1
Singleton, K. D., & Wischmeyer, P. E. (2008) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607108320661 · Cited by 54
Nutrition support for critically ill patients
Al‐Dorzi, H. M., & Arabi, Y. M. (2021) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpen.2228 · Cited by 62
Intestinal renal metabolism of l -citrulline and l -arginine following enteral or parenteral infusion of l -alanyl- l -[2, 15 N]glutamine or l -[2, 15 N]glutamine in mice
Boelens, P. G., van Leeuwen, P. A. M., Dejong, C. H. C., & Deutz, N. E. P. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00026.2005 · Cited by 53
“This pathway, also described as the intestinal-renal axis, was also suggested from the findings of increased plasma L-ARG levels in trauma patients receiving enteral L-GLN (15).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Impact of alanyl-glutamine dipeptide on severe acute pancreatitis in early stage
Xue, P., Deng, L., Xia, Q., Zhang, Z., Hu, W., Yang, X., Song, B., & Huang, Z. (2008) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.14.474 · Cited by 51
Update on postinjury nutrition
Todd, S. R., Gonzalez, E. A., Turner, K. L., & Kozar, R. A. (2008) · Current Opinion in Critical Care · doi:10.1097/mcc.0b013e3283196562 · Cited by 50
α-ketoglutarate–supplemented enteral nutrition: effects on postoperative nitrogen balance and muscle catabolism
Wirén, M., Permert, J., & Larsson, J. (2002) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(02)00844-4 · Cited by 50
The Route of Administration (Enteral or Parenteral) Affects the Conversion of Isotopically Labeled L‐[2‐15N]Glutamine Into Citrulline and Arginine in Humans
Ligthart‐Melis, G. C., van de Poll, M. C. G., Dejong, C. H. C., Boelens, P. G., Deutz, N. E. P., & van Leeuwen, P. A. M. (2007) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607107031005343 · Cited by 50
Immunonutrition and surgical practice
O'Flaherty, L., & Bouchier‐Hayes, D. J. (1999) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665199001123 · Cited by 49
“Houdijk et al. (1998) randomized sixty trauma patients to either a standard enteral feed or one containing 14·2 g glutamine/l within 48 h of admission.”
Method
Glutamine: establishing clinical indications
Griffiths, R. D. (1999) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/00075197-199903000-00015 · Cited by 48
S3-Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährungsmedizin (DGEM) in Zusammenarbeit mit der GESKES, der AKE, der DGCH, der DGAI und der DGAV
Weimann, A., Breitenstein, S., Breuer, J.-P., Gabor, S., Holland-Cunz, S. G., Kemen, M., Längle, F., Rayes, N., Reith, B., Rittler, P., et al. (2013) · Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin · doi:10.1055/s-0033-1359887 · Cited by 49
Glutamine Is Essential for Nitric Oxide Synthesis by Murine Macrophages
Bellows, C. F., & Jaffe, B. M. (1999) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1006/jsre.1999.5713 · Cited by 47
Ischemia/reperfusion-induced disruption of rat small intestine transit is reversed by total enteral nutrition
Grossie, V. B., Weisbrodt, N. W., Moore, F. A., & Moody, F. G. (2001) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(01)00668-2 · Cited by 47
Intestinal adaptation in short bowel syndrome
Welters, C. F. M., Dejong, C. H. C., Deutz, N. E. P., & Heineman, E. (2002) · ANZ Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1046/j.1445-2197.2002.02357.x · Cited by 47
The effects of fasting and refeeding with a ‘metabolic preconditioning’ drink on substrate reserves and mononuclear cell mitochondrial function
Awad, S., Stephenson, M. C., Placidi, E., Marciani, L., Constantin‐Teodosiu, D., Gowland, P. A., Spiller, R. E., Fearon, K. C. H., Morris, P. G., Macdonald, I. A., et al. (2010) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2010.01.009 · Cited by 47
The glutamine story: where are we now?
Wischmeyer, P. E. (2006) · Current Opinion in Critical Care · doi:10.1097/01.ccx.0000216582.87674.a4 · Cited by 45
Glutamine analogues as adjunctive therapy for infectious diarrhea
Carneiro‐Filho, B. A., Bushen, O. Y., Brito, G. A. D. C., Lima, A. Â. M., & Guerrant, R. L. (2003) · Current Infectious Disease Reports · doi:10.1007/s11908-003-0046-2 · Cited by 46
“This can help explain, in part, the decreased incidence of bacteremia [18, 19 ] and clinical infections [3] seen in patients receiving glutamine.”
Background
Glutamine supports recovery from loss of transepithelial resistance and increase of permeability induced by media change in Caco-2 cells1
Li, N., DeMarco, V. G., West, C. M., & Neu, J. (2003) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0955-2863(03)00071-8 · Cited by 46
“Recent studies have shown that supplementation of the conditionally essential amino acid glutamine may benefit the gut of individuals who are highly stressed [28–30].”
Background
Glutamine supplementation enhances mucosal immunity in rats with Gut-Derived sepsis
Lai, Y.-N., Yeh, S., Lin, M., Shang, H.-F., Yeh, C., & Chen, W. (2004) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2003.11.015 · Cited by 46
Missing Effect of Glutamine Supplementation on the Surgical Outcome after Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Periampullary Tumors: A Prospective, Randomized, Double‐blind, Controlled Clinical Trial
Jo, S., Choi, S., Heo, J., Kim, E., Min, M., Choi, D., Seo, J., Chung, J., & Kim, Y. (2006) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00268-005-0678-5 · Cited by 44
Comprehensive metabolic amino acid flux analysis in critically ill patients
Deutz, N. E. P., Singer, P., Wierzchowska-McNew, R. A., Viana, M. V., Ben-David, I. A., Pantet, O., Thaden, J. J., Ten Have, G. A. M., Engelen, M. P. K. J., & Berger, M. M. (2021) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.015 · Cited by 47
The Impact of Perioperative Glutamine-supplemented Parenteral Nutrition on Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Yue, C., Tian, W., Wang, W., Huang, Q., Zhao, R., Zhao, Y., Li, Q., & Li, J. (2013) · The American Surgeon · doi:10.1177/000313481307900527 · Cited by 44
Immunonutrients and neonates
Huang, Y., Shao, X. M., & Neu, J. (2003) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-002-1128-0 · Cited by 44
Mechanism of glutamine-mediated amelioration of lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-8 production in Caco-2 cells
Liboni, K. (2004) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2003.12.008 · Cited by 44
Glutamine: The Pivot of Our Nitrogen Economy?
van Acker, B. A. C., MEYENFELDT, M. F. V., van der Hulst, R. R. W. J., Hulsewé, K. W. E., Wagenmakers, A. J. M., Deutz, N. E. P., de Blaauw, I., Dejong, C. H. C., KREEL, B. K. V., & Soeters, P. B. (1999) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/014860719902300512 · Cited by 44
Glutamine, a life-saving nutrient, but why? *
Preiser, J., & Wernerman, J. (2003) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000084863.47943.6f · Cited by 44
“In Europe, xenon currently is in the process of gaining approval as an inhalation anesthetic, and a European multiple-center study was finished recently (6).”
Background
Symposium 4: Hot topics in parenteral nutrition Current evidence and ongoing trials on the use of glutamine in critically-ill patients and patients undergoing surgery
Avenell, A. (2009) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665109001372 · Cited by 43
Glutamine decreases intestinal nuclear factor kappa B activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression after traumatic brain injury in rats
Chen, G., Shi, J., Qi, M., Yin, H., & Hang, C. (2008) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/s00011-007-7101-7 · Cited by 43
“In trauma patients, glutamine supplementation resulted in decreased pneumonia and sepsis and prevented the elevation of pro-infl ammatory cytokines involved in SIRS [29].”
Background
Glutamine: metabolism and application in nutrition support.
Coster, J., McCauley, R., & Hall, J. C. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 43
Glutamine downregulates TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression and protects intestinal tract in preterm neonatal rats with necrotizing enterocolitis
Zhou, W., Li, W., Xiao-hui, Z., Rong, X., & Huang, L. (2014) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.02.078 · Cited by 42
“The Gln level in the blood decreased significantly when stress such as in trauma, major surgery and infection occurred, and Gln supplementation appropriately had protective effect to maintain intestinal mucosal integrity [9,10].”
Background
Effects of Glutamine and Recombinant Human Growth Hormone on Protein Metabolism in Prepubertal Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Darmaun, D., Hayes, V. Y., Schaeffer, D., Welch, S., & Mauras, N. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031409 · Cited by 42
Recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee
Tablan, O. C., Anderson, L. J., Besser, R. E., Bridges, C. B., & Hajjeh, R. A. (2003) · Cited by 42
Effects of glutamine supplementation on inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review of clinical trials
Severo, J. S., Barros, V. J. D. S., da Silva, A. C. A., Parente, J. M. L., Lima, M. M., Lima, A. Â. M., dos Santos, A. A., Neto, E. M. D. M., & da Silva, M. T. B. (2021) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.12.023 · Cited by 46
The Dipeptide Arg-Gln Inhibits Retinal Neovascularization in the Mouse Model of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy
Neu, J., Afzal, A., Pan, H., Gallego, E., Li, N., Calzi, S. L., Caballero, S., Spoerri, P. E., Shaw, L. C., & Grant, M. B. (2006) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.05-1473 · Cited by 41
Interactions Between Nutrients and Peptide Growth Factors in Intestinal Growth, Repair, and Function
Ziegler, T. R., Estívariz, C. F., Jonas, C. R., Gu, L. H., Jones, D. P., & Leader, L. M. (1999) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/014860719902300602 · Cited by 41
Nosocomial infections in pediatric intensive care units
Lodha, R., Chandra, U., Natchu, M., Nanda, M., & Kabra, S. K. (2001) · The Indian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/bf02722358 · Cited by 40
“58, 59 Appropriate and rational prescription of antibiotics is essential to prevent emergence of resistant strains, s6 There should be constant surveillance and periodic review of the antibiotic policies and prescriptions.”
Background
Immunonutrition - supplementary amino acids and fatty acids ameliorate immune deficiency in critically ill patients
Grimm, H., & Kraus, A. (2001) · Langenbeck s Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s004230100241 · Cited by 40
“Glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition was shown to reduce the incidence of pneumonia, bacterial infection, and severe sepsis after multiple trauma [56].”
Background
Evidence-Based Guidelines for Nutritional Support of the Critically Ill: Results of a Bi-National Guideline Development Conference
Chairs, M., Doig, G. S., & Simpson, F. O. (2005) · Cited by 40
Anabolic strategies in critical illness
Hadley, J. S. (2002) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s1471-4892(02)00217-5 · Cited by 40
Immunonutrition in patients after multiple trauma
Bastian, L., & Weimann, A. (2002) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn2001466 · Cited by 40
“Houdijk et al. (1998) investigated sixty patients receiving glutamine supplementation and reported a significant reduction in infectious complications, pneumonia, sepsis and bacteraemia in comparison with controls [3].”
Result
Protein O-GlcNAcylation in Cardiac Pathologies: Past, Present, Future
Ferron, M., Denis, M., Persello, A., Rathagirishnan, R., & Lauzier, B. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00819 · Cited by 44
Glutamine in Burn Injury
Wischmeyer, P. E. (2019) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/ncp.10362 · Cited by 40
Pentoxifylline acutely reduces protein catabolism in chronically uremic patients
Biolo, G., Ciocchi, B., Bosutti, A., Situlin, R., Toigo, G., & Guarnieri, G. (2002) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/ajkd.2002.36864 · Cited by 39
Susceptibility to critical illness: reserve, response and therapy
Bion, J. (2000) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s001340051120 · Cited by 39
“Approaches being investigated include immunonutrients such as glutamine supplementation [45, 46 ], probiotic feeds containing lactobacilli [61], granulocyte colony stimulating factors [62], and immunisation against bacterial products such as endotoxin [63].”
BackgroundMethod
Nutritional pharmacology in surgical patients
Alexander, J. W. (2002) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(02)00807-3 · Cited by 39
Combined growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I in addition to glutamine-supplemented TPN results in net protein anabolism in critical illness
Carroll, P., Jackson, N. C., Russell-Jones, D. L., Treacher, D., Sönksen, P. H., & Umpleby, A. M. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00122.2003 · Cited by 39
“Studies to date indicate that the addition of intravenous or enteral glutamine reduces infection rates (16, 47) and length of hospital stay (34) and may improve mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients (14).”
Background
Evolving paradigms in the nutritional support of critically ill surgical patients
Rosenthal, M. D., Vanzant, E. L., Martindale, R. G., & Moore, F. A. (2015) · Current Problems in Surgery · doi:10.1067/j.cpsurg.2015.02.003 · Cited by 37
The Immune-Enhancing Enteral Agents Arginine and Glutamine Differentially Modulate Gut Barrier Function following Mesenteric Ischemia/Reperfusion
Kozar, R. A., Verner-Cole, E. A., Schultz, S. G., Sato, N., Bick, R. J., DeSoignie, R. C., Poindexter, B. J., & Moore, F. A. (2004) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/01.ta.0000151273.01810.e9 · Cited by 38
Practical Recommendations for Immune-Enhancing Diets
Bistrian, B. R. (2004) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/134.10.2868s · Cited by 38
Nutritional support of the burned patient
Saffle, J. R., & Graves, C. P. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3274-8.50033-7 · Cited by 38
Nutrition Support in Adult Trauma Patients
Todd, S. R., Kozar, R. A., & Moore, F. A. (2006) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1177/0115426506021005421 · Cited by 37
Perioperative Amino Acid Infusion Improves Recovery and Shortens the Duration of Hospitalization After Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Umenai, T., Nakajima, Y., Sessler, D. I., Taniguchi, S., Yaku, H., & Mizobe, T. (2006) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000240972.84337.7c · Cited by 37
The evidence for glutamine use in the critically-ill
Griffiths, R. D. (2001) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns200197 · Cited by 37
“Delivery of 30 g glutamine/d jejunally in multiple-trauma patients led to a significant reduction in pneumonia ( P 0•02), bacteraemia ( P 0•05) and severe sepsis ( P 0•02) (Houdijk et al .”
Early Enteral Feeding in Severe Acute Pancreatitis: Can It Prevent Secondary Pancreatic (Super) Infection?
Lehocky, P., & Sarr, M. G. (2000) · Digestive Surgery · doi:10.1159/000051964 · Cited by 37
Nutrition and anabolic agents in burned patients.
Andel, H., Kamolz, L., Horauf, K., & Zimpfer, M. (2003) · Burns · doi:10.1016/s0305-4179(03)00069-x · Cited by 31
“However, there is growing evidence that agents such as glutamine, have positive impact on metabolic management and thereby on morbidity and outcome in severely burned patients [18–21].”
Background

Authors: Houdijk, A. P., Rijnsburger, E. R., Jansen, J., Wesdorp, R. I., Weiss, J. K., McCamish, M. A., Teerlink, T., Meuwissen, S. G., Haarman, H. J. T. M., Thijs, L. G., & van Leeuwen, P. A.
Affiliations: Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
The Ohio State University (US)
Corresponding author: van Leeuwen, Paul AM
ORCID: Houdijk, Alexander PJ
Jansen, Jaap
Venue: The Lancet
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1998-09
Volume: 352
Issue: 9130
Pages: 772-776
ISSN: 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
0140-6736
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(98)02007-8
OpenAlex: W2137842935
Cited by: 620
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 38.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The Lancet (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Nosocomial Infections in ICU
Keywords: glutamine supplementation, enteral nutrition, polytrauma, infection control, pneumonia, bacteremia, sepsis, critically ill patients, nutritional support
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Arginine, Cross Infection, Enteral Nutrition, Glutamine, Humans, Length of Stay, Middle Aged, Multiple Trauma, Pneumonia, Injury Severity Score, Bacteremia

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Randomised trial of glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition on infectious morbidity in patients with multiple trauma

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks