Measuring intercultural sensitivity: The intercultural development inventory
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Hammer et al. (2003) reported a good model fit of a five-factor model for the Intercultural Development Inventory.
“Hammer et al. (2003) also reported a good model fit of a five-factor model for the Intercultural Development Inventory.”
From Assessing Intercultural Competence in Higher Education: Existing Research and Future Directions (2016) · cites this paper as Hammer et al. (2003)
Hammer et al. (2003) confirmed the theoretically postulated relationships among the IDI subscales and the Worldmindedness Scale and Intercultural Anxiety Scale.
“In a study by Hammer et al. (2003), the authors confirmed the theoretically postulated relationships among the subscales of the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI; 𝛼 = .80-.85) and two related assessments-the Worldmindedness Scale ( 𝛼 = .67) and the Intercultural Anxiety Scale ( 𝛼 = .86).”
From Assessing Intercultural Competence in Higher Education: Existing Research and Future Directions (2016) · cites this paper as Hammer et al., 2003
Higher scores on the IDI denial/defense subscale were related to lower scores on the Worldmindedness Scale (r = -.29) and higher scores on the Intercultural Anxiety Scale (r = .16).
“Higher scores on the denial/defense subscale of the IDI were related to lower scores on the Worldmindedness Scale ( r =-.29) and higher scores on the Intercultural Anxiety Scale ( r = .16).”
From Assessing Intercultural Competence in Higher Education: Existing Research and Future Directions (2016) · cites this paper as Hammer et al., 2003
Cites
The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2017) · Aldine (Routledge reprint) · doi:10.4324/9780203793206 · Cited by 25,789 · see citing works
Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions
Fleiss, J. L., Levin, B., & Paik, M. C. (2003) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/0471445428 · Cited by 18,646 · see citing works
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Assessing Intercultural Competence in Higher Education: Existing Research and Future Directions
Griffith, R. L., Wolfeld, L., Armon, B. K., Rios, J., & Liu, O. L. (2016) · ETS Research Report Series · doi:10.1002/ets2.12112 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
“Hammer et al. (2003) also reported a good model fit of a five-factor model for the Intercultural Development Inventory.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDeveloping U.S. teachers’ intercultural competence: Does professional development matter?
DeJaeghere, J. G., & Cao, Y. (2009) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2009.06.004 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
The development of a new instrument of intercultural communication competence
Arasaratnam, L. A. (2009) · Journal of Intercultural Communication · doi:10.36923/jicc.v9i2.478 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Intercultural development: Study abroad vs. on‐campus study
Anderson, P. H., & Lawton, L. (2011) · Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad · doi:10.36366/frontiers.v21i1.305 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Mindfulness for Global Public Health: Critical Analysis and Agenda
Oman, D. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02089-5 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Teachers’ intercultural competence: A requirement or an option in a culturally diverse classroom?
Álvarez Valdivia, I. M., & González Montoto, I. (2018) · International Journal of Inclusive Education · doi:10.1080/13603116.2017.1377298 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The Requirements and Importance of Intercultural Communication Competence in the 21st Century
Sarwari, A. Q., Adnan, H. M., Rahamad, M. S., & Abdul Wahab, M. N. (2024) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440241243119 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“ICC is a well-recognized aspect of modern life in local and global contexts, and in the 21st century, the improvement of ICC is an essential requirement of modern life (Arasaratnam & Doerfel, 2005; Griffith et al., 2016; Hammer et al., 2003).”
- Authors
- Hammer, M. R., Bennett, M. J., & Wiseman, R.
- Affiliations
- American University (US)
- The Intercultural Communication Institute (US)
- California State University, Fullerton (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hammer, Mitchell R.
- ORCID
- Bennett, Milton J.
- Venue
- International Journal of Intercultural Relations
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-07
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 421-443
- ISSN
- 0147-1767 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2113627843
- Cited by
- 1,732
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 69 · 2025: 93 · 2024: 95 · 2023: 115 · 2022: 112 · 2021: 115 · 2020: 165 · 2019: 94 · 2018: 105 · 2017: 95 · 2016: 104 · 2015: 100 · 2014: 106 · 2013: 68 · 2012: 78
- FWCI
- 47.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Intercultural Relations (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Communication › International Student and Expatriate Challenges
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
- Social Sciences › Communication › Language, Communication, and Linguistic Studies
- Keywords
- intercultural sensitivity, intercultural competence, Intercultural Development Inventory, Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity, ethnocentrism, worldview orientations, cultural differences, scale development, gender differences, psychometric validation
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