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Hormone-dependent aggression in male and female rats: Experiential, hormonal, and neural foundations
Abstract
Hormone-dependent aggression in both male and female rats includes the distinctive behavioral characteristics of piloerection and lateral attack. In males the aggression is dependent on testicular testosterone and is commonly known as intermale aggression. In females, the aggression is most commonly observed as maternal aggression and is dependent on hormones whose identity is only beginning to emerge. The present review examines the experiential events which activate hormone-dependent aggression, the relation of the aggression to gonadal hormones, and the neural structures that participate in its modulation. In males and females, the aggression is activated by cohabitation with a conspecific of the opposite sex, by competitive experience, and by repeated exposure to unfamiliar conspecifics. In the female, the presence of pups also activates aggression. In both males and females, hormones are necessary for the full manifestation of the aggression. The essential hormone appears to be testosterone in males and a combination of testosterone and estradiol in females. The information available suggests the neural control systems for hormone-dependent aggression may be similar in males and females. It is argued that hormone-dependent aggression is behaviorally and biologically homologous in male and female rats.
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“Adult females display aggression mainly during the pregnancy and lactation.56,57”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [56]
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“In males, fights are generally much more common than in females, but some authors managed to observe social ranks also among the latter.56,94,111,112”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [56]
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Ability to share emotions of others as a foundation of social learning
Puścian, A., Bryksa, A., Kondrakiewicz, L., Kostecki, M., Winiarski, M., & Knapska, E. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.022 · Cited by 28
Gammie, S. C., & Lonstein, J. S. (2005) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195168761.003.0011 · Cited by 24
Noschang, C. G., Krolow, R., Arcego, D. M., Toniazzo, A. P., Huffell, A. P., & Dalmaz, C. (2012) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2012.01.010 · Cited by 24
“Since our animals were reared after weaning separated by sex in groups of 3–5 per cage, males and females had different rearing conditions once male rats are known to present intermale aggression, which is dependent of testosterone and also on experience (Albert et al., 1992).”
BackgroundProgesterone and maternal aggressive behavior in rats
de Sousa, F. L., Lazzari, V. M., de Azevedo, M. S., Almeida, S., Sanvitto, G. L., Lucion, A. B., & Giovenardi, M. (2010) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.03.050 · Cited by 22
Kabelik, D., Crombie, T., & Moore, M. C. (2007) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.09.022 · Cited by 21
Behavioral effects of testosterone in relation to social rank in the male rabbit
Briganti, F., Seta, D. D., Fontani, G., Lodi, L., & Lupo, C. (2003) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.10024 · Cited by 21
The role of the dorsoanterior striatum in implicit motivation: the case of the need for power
Schultheiss, O. C., & Schiepe-Tiska, A. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00141 · Cited by 23
“, 2000), is involved in nPower (see Schultheiss, 2013, for a review) and that nPower thus has many of the hallmarks of power/dominance motivation as studied by biopsychologists and neuroscientists (e.g., Sapolsky, 1987; Albert et al., 1992; Johnson et al., 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialLi, S., Zhang, D., Zhao, F., & Yu, G. (2019) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-019-09710-x · Cited by 20
Ricciardi, K. H. N., & Blaustein, J. D. (1994) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.1994.tb00564.x · Cited by 19
“adulthood, including salt appetite (53), aggression (54), and pituitary functions (55 , 56).”
BackgroundNunes, S., Muecke, E.-M., Ross, H. E., Bartholomew, P. A., & Holekamp, K. E. (2000) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(00)00366-8 · Cited by 18
Gross, K. S., Moore, K. M., Meisel, R. L., & Mermelstein, P. G. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00855 · Cited by 17
Sensory, Hormonal, and Neural Basis of Maternal Aggression in Rodents
de Almeida, R. M. M., Ferreira, A., & Agrati, D. (2014) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2014_312 · Cited by 19
Snoeren, E. M. S. (2018) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2018_68 · Cited by 16
Bonatto, F., Coda, J. A., Gómez, D., Priotto, J. W., & Steinmann, A. R. (2013) · Journal of Ethology · doi:10.1007/s10164-013-0370-4 · Cited by 16
“Intruders with different housing conditions than residents could increase their likelihood of being defeated by residents (Valzelli 1973; Barnett 1975; Albert et al. 1992; Kaliste-Korhonen and Eskola 2000; Matsumoto et al. 2005; Bartolomucci et al. 2009; Kraak 2012).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Albert, D. J., Jonik, R. H., & Walsh, M. L.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- ORCID
- Albert, D.J.
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1992-06
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 177-192
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1970628628
- Cited by
- 167
- References
- 151
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 12.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Keywords
- sex differences in aggression, male-male aggression, maternal aggression, testosterone, estradiol, gonadal hormones, piloerection, rats
- MeSH terms
- Aggression, Animals, Female, Hormones, Male, Neurons, Rats
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