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Cited by 99Neuroendocrine regulation and behaviorAnimal Behavior and ReproductionStress Responses and Cortisol

Social hierarchy position in female mice is associated with plasma corticosterone levels and hypothalamic gene expression

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Williamson, Cait M., Lee, Won, DeCasien, Alexandra R., Lanham, Alesi, Romeo, Russell D., Curley, James P.·2019·Scientific Reports
DOI 10.1038/s41598-019-43747-wPMC PMC6513839

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Abstract

Social hierarchies emerge when animals compete for access to resources such as food, mates or physical space. Wild and laboratory male mice have been shown to develop linear hierarchies, however, less is known regarding whether female mice have sufficient intrasexual competition to establish significant social dominance relationships. In this study, we examined whether groups of outbred CD-1 virgin female mice housed in a large vivaria formed social hierarchies. We show that females use fighting, chasing and mounting behaviors to rapidly establish highly directionally consistent social relationships. Notably, these female hierarchies are less linear, steep and despotic compared to male hierarchies. Female estrus state was not found to have a significant effect on aggressive behavior, though dominant females had elongated estrus cycles (due to increased time in estrus) compared to subordinate females. Plasma estradiol levels were equivalent between dominant and subordinate females. Subordinate females had significantly higher levels of basal corticosterone compared to dominant females. Analyses of gene expression in the ventromedial hypothalamus indicated that subordinate females have elevated ERα, ERβ and OTR mRNA compared to dominant females. This study provides a methodological framework for the study of the neuroendocrine basis of female social aggression and dominance in laboratory mice.

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Authors
Williamson, C. M., Lee, W., DeCasien, A. R., Lanham, A., Romeo, R. D., & Curley, J. P.
Affiliations
  • Columbia University (US)
  • Barnard College (US)
Corresponding author
Curley, James P.
ORCID
Venue
Scientific Reports
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2019-05-13
Volume
9
Issue
1
Pages
7324-7324
ISSN
2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1038/s41598-019-43747-w
PMC
PMC6513839
OpenAlex
W2950454724
Cited by
99
References
11
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3
FWCI
12.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation (DGE-16-44869)
  • Samsung Scholarship Foundation
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords
social dominance, female mice, corticosterone, hypothalamic gene expression, estradiol, estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta, opioid receptors, estrous cycle, aggression, intrasexual competition, neuroendocrine stress response, ventromedial hypothalamus
MeSH terms
Animals, Behavior, Animal, Corticosterone, Dominance-Subordination, Estradiol, Estrus, Female, Hierarchy, Social, Male, Receptors, Estrogen, Sex Factors, Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus, Animals, Outbred Strains, Mice

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