The DOI matches its Crossref record; 219 of the 219 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Brain substrates of infant-mother attachment: contributions of opioids, oxytocin, and norepinephrine.
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to review recent work concerning the psychobiological substrates of social bonding, focusing on the literature attributed to opioids, oxytocin and norepinephrine in rats. Existing evidence and thinking about the biological foundations of attachment in young mammalian species and the neurobiology of several other affiliative behaviors including maternal behavior, sexual behavior and social memory is reviewed. We postulate the existence of social motivation circuitry which is common to all mammals and consistent across development. Oxytocin, vasopressin, endogenous opioids and catecholamines appear to participate in a wide variety of affiliative behaviors and are likely to be important components in this circuitry. It is proposed that these same neurochemical and neuroanatomical patterns will emerge as key substrates in the neurobiology of infant attachments to their caregivers.
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“with outright relationship failure (in the form of break up or divorce) often resulting in prolonged periods of depression [20], permanent damage to life satisfaction [21], and long-lasting collateral harm to children when they are involved as well [22, 23].”
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In the citing paper
“These parallels provide strong evidence for a link between attachment and addiction (MacLean 1990; Nelson and Panksepp 1998; Insel 2003; Fisher 2004; Reynaud et al 2010).”
From The behavioral, anatomical and pharmacological parallels between social attachment, love and addiction (2012) · cites this paper as Nelson and Panksepp 1998
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“Overall, EO serve as mediator of social rewards, affiliation, motivation and attenuation of separation-induced pain and anxiety (66)”
From Neuroendocrinology of Parental Response to Baby‐Cry (2011) · cites this paper as [66]
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Empathy: its ultimate and proximate bases
Preston, S. D., & de Waal, F. B. M. (2002) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x02000018 · Cited by 4,126
Does Rejection Hurt? An fMRI Study of Social Exclusion
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The oxytocin receptor system: structure, function, and regulation
Gimpl, G., & Fahrenholz, F. (2001) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.2.629 · Cited by 3,089
Why Does Social Exclusion Hurt? The Relationship Between Social and Physical Pain.
MacDonald, G., & Leary, M. R. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.2.202 · Cited by 1,712
“…“it is conceivable that brain circuits for separation distress represent an evolutionary elaboration of an endorphin-based pain network” (p. 219), and Nelson and Panksepp (1998) stated, “The pain components made stronger contributions to the subcomponents which aroused emotional distress during…”
BackgroundMotivation concepts in behavioral neuroscience
Berridge, K. C. (2004) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.02.004 · Cited by 1,302
“For example, thirst may be said to be caused by brain receptors for angiotensin II, and social motivations, such as attachment, have been suggested to be caused by activating brain peptide receptors for oxytocin and vasopressin [105,162].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Nelson, E. E., & Panksepp, J.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Bowling Green State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nelson, Eric E
- ORCID
- Nelson, Eric E
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-05
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 437-452
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1981657115
- Cited by
- 688
- References
- 207
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 3.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Keywords
- infant-mother attachment, social bonding, oxytocin, endogenous opioids, norepinephrine, vasopressin, catecholamines, maternal behavior, affiliative behavior, social memory, sexual behavior, neurobiology of attachment, rats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Brain Chemistry, Humans, Mother-Child Relations, Norepinephrine, Oxytocin, Opioid Peptides, Rats
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