Performance on Raven's Matrices by African and White University Students in South Africa
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Rushton's item-level Raven's Progressive Matrices studies generally found group differences were greater on items with the highest item-total correlations, confirming Spearman's hypothesis.
“It was generally found that group differences were greater on those items of the RPM with the highest item-total correlations, which are the best measures of general factor of intelligence, which counts as a confirmation of Spearman's hypothesis.”
From Spearman’s Hypothesis Tested on Black Adults: A Meta-Analysis (2016) · cites this paper as [13]
Spearman's hypothesis has been widely supported when looking at ethnic differences.
“This effect has been widely supported when looking at ethnic differences (e.g., Nyborg & Jensen, 2000;Rushton & Skuy, 2000;Rushton et al., 2004;Te Nijenhuis & Van der Flier, 1997).”
From Factors Related to Mean Score Group Differences on Cognitive Ability Tests: A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as Rushton & Skuy, 2000
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Thirty years of research on race differences in cognitive ability.
Rushton, J. P., & Jensen, A. R. (2005) · Psychology, Public Policy, and Law · doi:10.1037/1076-8971.11.2.235 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Self-citationA systematic literature review of the average IQ of sub-Saharan Africans
Wicherts, J. M., Dolan, C. V., & van der Maas, H. L. J. (2010) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2009.05.002 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Wicherts, J. M., Dolan, C. V., Carlson, J. S., & van der Maas, H. L. J. (2010) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2009.12.001 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Woodley, M. A., te Nijenhuis, J., Must, O., & Must, A. (2014) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2013.12.004 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Spearman’s Hypothesis Tested on Black Adults: A Meta-Analysis
Te Nijenhuis, J., & Van den Hoek, M. (2016) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence4020006 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
A comparative study of general intelligence in Spanish and Moroccan samples
Díaz, A., Sellami, K., Infanzón, E., Lanzón, T., & Lynn, R. (2012) · The Spanish journal of psychology · doi:10.5209/rev_sjop.2012.v15.n2.38863 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Wicherts, J. M. (2017) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2016.11.002 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Factors Related to Mean Score Group Differences on Cognitive Ability Tests: A Systematic Review
Cuppello, S., Zibarras, L. D., & Corr, P. J. (2025) · Trends in Psychology · doi:10.1007/s43076-025-00504-5
- Authors
- Rushton, J. P., & Skuy, M.
- Affiliations
- Western University (CA)
- University of the Witwatersrand (ZA)
- Corresponding author
- Rushton, J.Philippe
- Venue
- Intelligence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-12
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 251-265
- ISSN
- 0160-2896 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2161147133
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 6.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Intelligence (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Keywords
- Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices, Raven's Progressive Matrices, general intelligence, racial differences in intelligence, African students, white students, sex differences, university students, South Africa
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