The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Self-confidence and performance on tests of cognitive abilities
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
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Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
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Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
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Citations
Cites
Unrealistic optimism about future life events
Weinstein, N. D. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.5.806 · Cited by 4,999
Human Cognitive Abilities: A Survey of Factor-Analytic Studies
Carroll, J. B. (1993) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511571312 · Cited by 4,121
Probabilistic mental models: a Brunswikian theory of confidence
Gigerenzer, G., Hoffrage, U., & Kleinbölting, H. (1991) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.98.4.506 · Cited by 1,506
Lichtenstein, S., & Fischhoff, B. (1980) · Organizational Behavior and Human Performance · doi:10.1016/0030-5073(80)90052-5 · Cited by 375
Cited by
The trouble with overconfidence.
Moore, D. A., & Healy, P. J. (2008) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.115.2.502 · Cited by 2,358
Individual differences in adult decision-making competence.
Bruine de Bruin, W., Parker, A. M., & Fischhoff, B. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.5.938 · Cited by 906
“…(Stanovich, 1999), apply decision rules (Bröder, 2000), and express appropriate levels of confidence (Blais, Thompson, & Baranski, 2005; Bornstein & Zickafoose, 1999; Klayman, Soll, González-Vallejo, & Barlas, 1999; Stankov & Crawford, 1996, 1997; West & Stanovich, 1997; Wolfe & Grosch, 1990).”
Decision‐making competence: External validation through an individual‐differences approach
Parker, A. M., & Fischhoff, B. (2005) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/bdm.481 · Cited by 437
The relationship of emotional intelligence with academic intelligence and the Big Five
Van der Zee, K., Thijs, M., & Schakel, L. (2002) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.434 · Cited by 356
Rouault, M., Seow, T., Gillan, C. M., & Fleming, S. M. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.12.017 · Cited by 319
Metadata
- Authors
- Stankov, L., & Crawford, J. D.
- Venue
- Intelligence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-01
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 93-109
- ISSN
- 0160-2896 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2091398642
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 3.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Self-confidence and performance on tests of cognitive abilities. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0160-2896(97)90047-7
- The paper
- Stankov, L., & Crawford, J. D. (1997). Self-confidence and performance on tests of cognitive abilities. Intelligence. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0160-2896(97)90047-7
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
