Cited by 313Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMental Health Treatment and AccessPsychological Testing and Assessment

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Use of the Beck depression inventory for primary care to screen for major depression disorders

Steer, Robert A, Cavalieri, Thomas A, Leonard, Douglas M, Beck, Aaron T·1999·General Hospital Psychiatry

DOI 10.1016/s0163-8343(98)00070-x

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Abstract

To ascertain how effective the Beck Depression Inventory for Primary Care (BDI-PC) was in screening for DSM-IV major depression disorders (MDD) in outpatients who were scheduled for routine office visits with physicians specializing in internal medicine, the BDI-PC was administered to 60 male and 60 female outpatients. The internal consistency of the BDI-PC was high (alpha 0.85), and the Mood Module from the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders was used to diagnose MDD. The BDI-PC scores were not significantly correlated with sex, age, ethnicity, or total number of medical diagnoses. A BDI-PC cutoff score of 4 and above yielded 98% maximum clinical efficiency with 97% (95% CI 82%-99%) sensitivity and 99% (95% CI 94%-99%) specificity rates, respectively, for identifying patients with and without MDD. The BDI-PC is discussed as an effective case-finding instrument for screening primary care patients for MDD.

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Authors: Steer, R. A., Cavalieri, T. A., Leonard, D. M., & Beck, A. T.
Affiliations: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (US)
University of Pennsylvania (US)
Corresponding author: Steer, Robert A
ORCID: Beck, Aaron T
Venue: General Hospital Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1999-03
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Pages: 106-111
ISSN: 0163-8343 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0163-8343(98)00070-x
OpenAlex: W1966975104
Cited by: 313
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 10.32
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: General Hospital Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Keywords: major depressive disorder, depression screening, primary care, case finding, internal medicine outpatients, cut-off values, sensitivity and specificity, internal consistency
MeSH terms: Bayes Theorem, Depressive Disorder, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Internal Medicine, Male, Middle Aged, New Jersey, Primary Health Care, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Reference Values, ROC Curve, Sampling Studies, Confidence Intervals, Sample Size

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Use of the Beck depression inventory for primary care to screen for major depression disorders

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