The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Childhood adversity, gender and depression over the life-course
Abstract
Background Full investigation of hypotheses concerning early risk factors and episodes of depression in adult life requires consideration of the separate risks of first onset and of recurrent episodes. This paper is based upon such an investigation.Methods A sample of participants in a large-scale population study (n=3491) provided information through retrospective assessment of lifetime history of (putative) major depressive disorder and of their adverse experiences in childhood. A statistical model based on Poisson regression, that combined both the (survival) distribution of first onset times with the subsequent rate of episode recurrence was specified to permit investigation of the gender difference in lifetime depression and the influence of childhood adversities on adult depression.Results A gender difference (with women at increased risk) was revealed for first onsets of depression only and was found to decrease with increasing age, being no longer apparent in those aged over 50. Experience either of a frightening event or of physical abuse in childhood was associated with an increased risk of first onset in younger adults (those aged < or =30).Limitations The method of data collection used in this study warrants some caution in the interpretation of substantive findings.Conclusions The relationships revealed concerning the risk for early and for late first onset and the risk of recurrence suggest different causal pathways underlying the associations between risk factors experienced early in life and depression in adulthood. Analyses that take full account of episode history can aid understanding of the origins of depression in adulthood.
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“In terms of age at onset and gender, the results of our study replicated results of several earlier studies showing that age at onset of first MDE [17, 18, 59–60] and gender [16, 18, 59–61] did not predict subsequent episode of MDE.”
From Predictors of recurrence of major depressive disorder (2020) · cites this paper as [59]
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Norman, R. E., Byambaa, M., De, R., Butchart, A., Scott, J., & Vos, T. (2012) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001349 · Cited by 3,387
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Risk for recurrence in depression
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wainwright, N. W. J., & Surtees, P. G.
- Affiliations
- Medical Research Council (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Wainwright, N.W.J.
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-10
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 33-44
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1990099077
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 6.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- childhood adversity, depression, gender differences, major depressive disorder, child physical abuse, life course
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Aged, Child, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Prevalence
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