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Cited by 119Mental Health Treatment and AccessTreatment of Major DepressionAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Risk factors for depression at 12-month follow-up in adult primary health care patients with major depression: An international prospective study

Barkow, K·2003·Journal of Affective Disorders
DOI 10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00081-2
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Abstract

Background The aim of this study was to identify internationally relevant risk factors for the persistence of depression in primary care. None of the previous studies examining primary care patients could examine an equivalently large international sample. The findings from the WHO Collaborative Study on 'Psychological Problems in General Health Care' might be generalised to different cultural environments.Methods A primary care sample of depressed subjects (ICD-10) (n=725) from 15 centres from all over the world was reinvestigated for the presence of depression after 12 months. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship of sociodemographic variables, characteristics of mental illness, and social disability with depression at follow-up.Results 33.5% of the subjects met ICD-10 criteria for a current depressive episode at the 12-month follow-up. Logistic regression analysis revealed that years of formal education, unemployment, depression severity, antidepressant use, abdominal pain as the main reason for consulting the general practitioner, and 'Repeated suicidal thoughts' were related to depression after 1 year.Limitations We have only poor information about details of the actual course of patients between the two assessments.Conclusions Our findings of significant variables are generally comparable to results of previously conducted studies. Sociodemographic and disease-specific variables play an important role in the prediction of depression at the 12-month follow-up. General practitioners must be careful in the consideration of these variables but also of individual patient characteristics.

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  • Barkow et al. (2003) showed that severe MDD at baseline tripled the risk for development of subsequent depressive episodes in the primary care setting.

    “Barkow et al. (2003) used ICD-10 criteria for severity to study the risk factors of recurrent MDE in the primary care setting and showed that severe MDD at baseline tripled the risk for development of subsequent depressive episodes [58].”

    From Predictors of recurrence of major depressive disorder (2020) · cites this paper as [58]

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Authors
Barkow, K.
Affiliations
University of Bonn (DE)
Corresponding author
Barkow, K
Venue
Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2003-09
Volume
76
Issue
1-3
Pages
157-169
ISSN
0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00081-2
OpenAlex
W1985200992
Cited by
119
References
56
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
FWCI
2.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
major depressive disorder, depression persistence, risk factors, primary care, general practitioners, sociodemographic factors, unemployment, educational attainment, depression severity, antidepressant use, abdominal pain, suicidal ideation, social dysfunction, cross-cultural generalizability
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Demography, Depressive Disorder, Educational Status, Female, Humans, International Cooperation, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Primary Health Care, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Social Class, Unemployment

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