Cited by 352Mental Health Treatment and AccessPrimary Care and Health OutcomesAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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High prevalence of mental disorders in primary care

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Ansseau, M., Dierick, M., Buntinkx, F., Cnockaert, P., De Smedt, J., Van Den Haute, M., Vander Mijnsbrugge, D.·2004·Journal of Affective Disorders

DOI 10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00219-7

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Abstract

Objective To determine the prevalence of common mental disorders in an adult primary care population.Design Cross-sectional survey in randomly selected subjects, using the PRIME-MD questionnaire.Setting Eighty-six general practices in Belgium.Subjects A total of 2316 randomly selected patients, aged 18 years or older and consulting their general practitioner for other than administrative reasons alone, with slightly more women (58.1%) than men (41.3%). MAIN OUTCOME RESULT: Prevalence rates of mental disorders most commonly seen in primary care practice (mood, anxiety, somatoform, eating and alcohol disorders).Methods To facilitate data collection and processing, the entire PRIME-MD questionnaire was programmed on a handheld computer. Patient answers and physician assessments were immediately electronically recorded during the interview. All investigators were trained on the use of the PRIME-MD. The recruitment period lasted 6 weeks: from 15 February to 25 March 1999, and patients were randomly selected for the interview based on a computerized procedure.Results Although only 5.4% of all patients consulted for a psychiatric reason, a threshold/subthreshold psychiatric disorder was detected in 42.5% of all patients. Most commonly detected disorders were mood disorders in 31.0% (major depressive disorder, 13.9% and dysthymia, 12.6%), anxiety disorders in 19.0% (generalized anxiety disorder, 10.3%), somatoform disorders in 18.0% and probable alcohol abuse/dependence in 10.1%. The results also showed the important rate of comorbidity between these disorders.Conclusion The present study confirms the high prevalence of mental disorders in a general practice setting, and their frequent association. Prevalence rates of our study are even higher than those obtained in previously conducted trials. Our study also demonstrates the utility of the PRIME-MD as a screening tool for mental disorders in primary care. In addition the use of the handheld computer software version of the PRIME-MD allowed us to screen for mental disorders in patients who are unable to attend the GP office and are seen during 'home' visits.

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Validation and Utility of a Self-report Version of PRIME-MD<SUBTITLE>The PHQ Primary Care Study</SUBTITLE>
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“This approach was deemed to be most appropriate due to time and budget constraints; furthermore, it has been used in similar investigations and should best resemble the typical population seen by general practitioners.(35,36) Also, assessment of GP diagnostic skills was based only on medical records and conducted with…”
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“8% (Ansseau et al., 2004; Olfson et al., 2000; Wittchen, Kessler et al., 2002).”
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Screening and diagnosing depression in women visiting GPs' drop in clinic in Primary Health Care
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Background
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Result
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Background
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Background
LOS DESÓRDENES EMOCIONALES EN ATENCIÓN PRIMARIA
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“This is similar to several other studies in various part of the world in recent times.[26-29] The rising”
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Background
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Background
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Family history of suicide: A clinical marker for major depression in primary care practice?
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“Studies from different parts of the world consistently have shown that the current prevalence of major depression in the primary care practice is around 8–10% (range 4–18%) (Al-Windi, 2005; Ansseau et al., 2004; Christensen et al., 2001; Lecrubier, 2001; Spitzer et al., 1994; Szadoczky et al., 1997, 2004; Voros et al.…”
Background
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“5% had an unreported psychiatric comorbidity (2).”
The prevalence of somatoform disorders in internal medicine outpatient departments of 23 general hospitals in Shenyang, China
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“5% of primary care patients meet the criteria for mental disorders [3,4].”
Background
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Kaslow, N. J., Kapoor, S., Dunn, S. E., & Graves, C. C. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-015-9445-4 · Cited by 15
Epidemiological study of the prevalence of depressive disorders in primary health care in Morocco
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The 'help' question doesn't help when screening for major depression: external validation of the three-question screening test for primary care patients managed for physical complaints
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The Epidemiology of Worry and Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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Cucciare, M. A., Curran, G. M., Craske, M. G., Abraham, T. H., McCarthur, M. B., Marchant‐Miros, K., Lindsay, J. A., Kauth, M. R., Landes, S. J., & Sullivan, G. (2015) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-016-0432-4 · Cited by 14
“tings [3–5].”
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Outcomes and Predictors of Postoperative Pain Improvement Following Particulated Juvenile Cartilage Allograft Transplant for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
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“OCLT lesion data Location Medial 16 (48) Lateral 17 (52) MRI stage (1-5), mean (range ± SD) 4.”
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Technology-Facilitated Depression Self-Management Linked with Lay Supporters and Primary Care Clinics: Randomized Controlled Trial in a Low-Income Sample
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Prevalence of Psychiatric Symptoms/Syndromes in Medical Settings
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A comparative analysis of personality pathology profiles among patients with pure depressive-, pure anxiety-, and pure somatoform disorders
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“…considerable as it reflects more psychosocial disability and functional impairment, elevated risk for suicidality, more drop-out, and increased medical care utilization (Maier and Falkai, 1999; Ansseau et al., 2004; Barsky et al., 2005; Beesdo et al., 2010; Rose et al., 2011; de Reus et al., 2013).”
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A cluster randomized controlled trial of an online psychoeducational intervention for people with a family history of depression
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“The majority of individuals with psychiatric morbidity in the community are usually seen at the primary care level [7, 8] with prevalence rates ranging from 16 to 43 % of general practice users [9, 10].”
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Suicidality and Its Relation with Physical and Mental Conditions: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study of the Nationwide Primary Care Population Sample in Latvia
Renemane, L., Ķīvīte‐Urtāne, A., & Rancāns, E. (2021) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina57090970 · Cited by 12
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“Ansseau and colleagues have shown that somatoform disorders tend to overlap with anxiety and mood disorders and are significantly more prevalent among women than men (Ansseau et al. 2004).”
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The frequency and nature of resolution of potential police provoked shooting encounters
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“…with these Please cite this article as: McLeod, L.C., et al., The frequency and nature of tional Journal of Law and Psychiatry (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp disorders in the primary care sector (Ansseau et al., 2004; Short et al., 2010; Staiger, Thomas, Ricciardelli, & McCabe, 2011).”
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Development and Implementation of a Collaborative Mental Health Care Program in a Primary Care Setting: The Ottawa Share Program
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“Up to 40% of all patients attending family practices may have mental health problems (Ansseau et al., 2004).”
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Knowledge and Behavior of Primary Care Physicians Regarding Utilization of Standardized Tools in Screening and Assessment of Anxiety, Depression, and Mood Disorders at a Large Integrated Health System
Waheed, A., Afridi, A. K., Rana, M. S., Arif, M., Barrera, T., Patel, F., Khan, M. N., & Azhar, E. (2024) · Journal of Primary Care & Community Health · doi:10.1177/21501319231224711 · Cited by 13
“7 Ansseau et al 8 found that only 5.4% of patients sought help from their primary care physician for a psychiatric condition despite over 42.5% meeting the criteria for a behavioral health condition.”
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Treatment of attempted suicide and suicidal patients in primary care
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“Several European and North American studies have confi rmed this by demonstrating that the current prevalence of DSM-III/DSM-IV or ICD-10 major depression in the primary care practice is around 8–10 per cent (range 4–18 per cent), but the majority of depressed patients are not recognized by their GPs and the rate of a…”
BackgroundInfluential
Prevalence of work-related common psychiatric disorders in primary care: The French Héraclès study
Rivière, M., Plancke, L., Leroyer, A., Blanchon, T., Prazuck, T., Prouvost, H., Sobczak, B., Pauw, C. D., Carreira, L. F., Toullic, Y., et al. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.008 · Cited by 11
Patients’ Experiences with Telecare for Chronic Pain and Mood Symptoms: A Qualitative Study
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Prevalence and distribution of psychological diagnoses and related frequency of consultations in Norwegian urban general practice
Dahli, M. P., Brekke, M., Ruud, T., & Haavet, O. R. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care · doi:10.1080/02813432.2020.1783477 · Cited by 11
“4% of the patients consulted their doctor for mental health problems [9].”
Background
Treatment course and its predictors in patients with somatoform disorders: A routine outcome monitoring study in secondary psychiatric care
Carlier, I. V. E., Wiltens, D. H. A., van Rood, Y. R., van Veen, T., Dekker, J., & van Hemert, A. M. (2018) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2191 · Cited by 10
“…as it generally reflects more psychosocial disability and functional impairment, elevated risk for suicidality, more dropout, and increased medical care utilization (Maier and Falkai, 1999; Ansseau et al., 2004; Barsky et al., 2005; Beesdo et al., 2010; De Reus et al, 2013; Carlier et al., 2014).”
Background
The prevalence of common mental and substance use disorders in general practice: a literature review and discussion paper
Klimas, J., Neary, A., McNicholas, C., Meagher, D. J., & Cullen, W. (2014) · Mental Health and Substance Use · doi:10.1080/17523281.2014.939221 · Cited by 10
“This co-morbidity could be due to an overlap of symptoms (Roca et al., 2009) or, as Ansseau et al. (2004) noted, it could be due to the confounding effect of substance use disorder and the association with mood, somatoform and anxiety disorders.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Monitoring service utilization of persons with mental disorders – a case for mapping pathways of care
Katschnig, H. (2011) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796011000059 · Cited by 10
“The general practitioner in particular can play a prominent role (Ansseau et al. 2004), but non-psychiatric units in general hospitals are also most relevant (Krautgartner et al.”
Background
Détection par le médecin généraliste des troubles psychiatriques courants selon l’auto-questionnaire diagnostique le Patient Health Questionnaire : dix ans après, le dispositif du médecin traitant a-t-il modifié la donne ?
Norton, J. L., David, M., Gandubert, C., Bouvier, C., Gutierrez, L., Frangeuil, A., Macgregor, A., Engberink, A. O., MANN, A. H., & Capdevielle, D. (2016) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2016.07.009 · Cited by 10
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“in general practice, as were their comorbidities, they tended not to be the stated reason for the visit [17].”
Background
Using electronic medical records to determine prevalence and treatment of mental disorders in primary care: a database study
Gleeson, M., Hannigan, A., Jamali, R., Lin, K. S., Klimas, J., Mannix, M., Nathan, Y., O’Connor, R., O’Gorman, C. S., Dunne, C. P., et al. (2015) · Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/ipm.2015.10 · Cited by 10
Learning by doing: a novel approach to improving general practitioners' diagnostic skills for common mental disorders
Spiegel, W., Tönies, H., Scherer, M., & Katschnig, H. (2007) · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s00508-006-0702-2 · Cited by 10
“While numerous studies have shown that the incidence and prevalence of psychiatric disorders among primary care patients is substantial [1, 2], the recognition and treatment rate of the most common of these disorders, i.”
Background
Psychological Distress Among Marginalized Women in the Outskirts of Beirut: Determinants and Association with Health Perception
Saab, B. R. (2005) · Journal of Urban Health · doi:10.1093/jurban/jti119 · Cited by 10
“4% of those visiting a primary care physician reported psychiatric disease, whereas more than 40% fulfilled the criteria for a mental condition.(9)”
Background
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy delivered in primary care: a naturalistic, mixed-methods study of participant characteristics and experiences
Gárriz, M., Elices, M., Peretó, M., Martín-López, L. M., Justicia, A., & Pérez, V. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01166-y · Cited by 9

Authors: Ansseau, M., Dierick, M., Buntinkx, F., Cnockaert, P., De Smedt, J., Van Den Haute, M., & Vander Mijnsbrugge, D.
Affiliations: University of Liège (BE)
Ghent University (BE)
Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE)
Corresponding author: Ansseau, M.
ORCID: Dierick, M.
Venue: Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2004-01
Volume: 78
Issue: 1
Pages: 49-55
ISSN: 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00219-7
OpenAlex: W2156494550
Cited by: 352
References: 13
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 6.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
orbi.uliege.be
Licence: other-oa
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion)
ORBi (University of Liège) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
DIAL (Catholic University of Leuven) (submittedVersion)
Revista cubana de medicina general integral
Funders: Pfizer
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Primary Care and Health Outcomes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: mental illness, prevalence, primary care, mood disorders, major depressive disorder, dysthymia, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, somatoform disorders, eating disorders, alcohol abuse, alcoholism, comorbidities, mental disorder screening, personal digital assistants, home visits
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Mental Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Primary Health Care, Surveys and Questionnaires, Prevalence

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