Adhesion molecule expression and regulation on cells of the central nervous system
Abstract
Cellular adhesion molecules were initially defined as cell surface structures mediating cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. Adhesion molecules involved in immune responses have been classified into three families according to their structure: selectins, immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, and integrins. It has been well documented that adhesion molecules of these family members (E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1) are expressed on brain microvessel endothelial cells in active lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS) brain. In addition, accumulating data show that glial cells can express some of these adhesion molecules upon activation: astrocytes can express ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin, and microglia express ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. In vitro studies show that these adhesion molecules are actively regulated by several cytokines which have relevance to MS or experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In addition, soluble forms of adhesion molecules have been found in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients, and may be useful diagnostically. Experimental therapy of EAE using antibodies against several adhesion molecules clearly shows that adhesion molecules are critical for the pathogenesis of EAE. Thus far, the function of adhesion molecule expression on brain endothelial and glial cells has not been clearly elucidated. Studies on the possible role of adhesion molecules on brain endothelial and glial cells will be helpful in understanding their involvement in immune responses in the central nervous system (CNS).
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ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are adhesion molecules that are upregulated in endothelial cells under inflammatory conditions.
“ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are adhesion molecules that are upregulated in endothelial cells under inflammatory conditions.27”
From CSF biomarkers of neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular dysfunction in early Alzheimer disease (2018) · cites this paper as [27]
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CSF biomarkers of neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular dysfunction in early Alzheimer disease
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Phares, T. W., Kean, R. B., Mikheeva, T., & Hooper, D. C. (2006) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.176.12.7666 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Genetic factors influencing alcohol dependence
Mayfield, R. D., Harris, R. A., & Schuckit, M. A. (2008) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.88 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration and Axonal Dysfunction in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Correale, J., Marrodan, M., & Ysrraelit, M. C. (2019) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines7010014 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
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Guha, S., Paidi, R. K., Goswami, S., Saha, P., & Biswas, S. C. (2022) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.11.021 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lee, S. J., & Benveniste, E. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroimmunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-08
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 77-88
- ISSN
- 0165-5728 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2064017800
- Cited by
- 296
- References
- 116
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 1.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroimmunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh055795-05, 5p01ns029719-10, 5p01ns034856-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-55795)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS29719, NS 34856)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- adhesion molecules, multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalitis, brain microvascular endothelial cells, glial cells, astrocytes, microglia, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, selectins, integrins, immunoglobulin superfamily, cytokine regulation, soluble adhesion molecules, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, CNS immune response
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Central Nervous System, Humans, Neuroglia, Neurons, Cell Adhesion Molecules
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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