What is lipofuscin? Defining characteristics and differentiation from other autofluorescent lysosomal storage bodies
Abstract
Lipofuscins, also known as age-pigments, have three defining characteristics: (1) they consist of intracellular secondary lysosomes; (2) they have a yellow autofluorescent emission when excited by near ultraviolet or blue light; and (3) they accumulate during normal senescence. Lysosomal storage bodies with similar fluorescence properties accumulate in various cell types as a result of specific pathological conditions or experimental manipulations. As a class, the latter are often referred to as ceroid pigments. In general, the mechanisms involved in the formation of ceroid pigments cannot be assumed to be closely similar to those involved in lipofuscin formation. In fact, the mechanisms of formation almost certainly differ, not only between lipofuscins and ceroids, but also among different lipofuscins and different ceroids. Presently, the most detailed knowledge about the mechanisms involved in lipofuscin formation come from studies on the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the eye. These studies indicate that at least the autofluorescent constituents of RPE lipofuscin are generated from derivatives of vitamin A that occur in the retina. Oxidative stress to the retina appears to promote the formation of these RPE fluorophores. Whether similar mechanisms are involved in the formation of the lipofuscins that occur in other tissues remains to be determined. The mechanisms involved in RPE lipofuscin fluorophore formation are closely related to metabolic pathways that are specif…
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The evidence supports the idea that lipofuscin precursors like A2PE are made in photoreceptor outer segments from all-trans retinal that is not reduced to retinol.
“Taken together, these pieces of evidence have led to the proposal that bis-retinoid precursors of lipofuscin, such as A2PE, form in the photoreceptor OS from all-trans retinal that is escaping reduction to retinol (Katz and Redmond, 2001; Katz and Robinson-Jr, 2002; Sparrow et al., 2010).”
From New insights into retinoid metabolism and cycling within the retina (2013) · cites this paper as Katz and Robinson-Jr, 2002
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- Authors
- Katz, M. L., & Robison, W. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Missouri (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Katz, Martin L
- Robison, W.Gerald
- ORCID
- Katz, Martin L
- Venue
- Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-05
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 169-184
- ISSN
- 0167-4943 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1980724564
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 0.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Lysosomal Storage Disorders Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Keywords
- lipofuscin, ceroid pigment, autofluorescence, secondary lysosomes, cellular senescence, retinal pigment epithelium, vitamin A derivatives, oxidative stress
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