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Efflux-mediated heavy metal resistance in prokaryotes

Open access
Nies, Dietrich H.·2003·FEMS Microbiology Reviews

Abstract

What makes a heavy metal resistant bacterium heavy metal resistant? The mechanisms of action, physiological functions, and distribution of metal-exporting proteins are outlined, namely: CBA efflux pumps driven by proteins of the resistance-nodulation-cell division superfamily, P-type ATPases, cation diffusion facilitator and chromate proteins, NreB- and CnrT-like resistance factors. The complement of efflux systems of 63 sequenced prokaryotes was compared with that of the heavy metal resistant bacterium Ralstonia metallidurans. This comparison shows that heavy metal resistance is the result of multiple layers of resistance systems with overlapping substrate specificities, but unique functions. Some of these systems are widespread and serve in the basic defense of the cell against superfluous heavy metals, but some are highly specialized and occur only in a few bacteria. Possession of the latter systems makes a bacterium heavy metal resistant.

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Metadata

Authors
Nies, D. H.
Venue
FEMS Microbiology Reviews
Published
2003-06
Volume
27
Issue
2-3
Pages
313-339
ISSN
  • 0168-6445 (ISSN-L)
  • 1574-6976
OpenAlex
W2120218267
Cited by
1,557
References
9
FWCI
17.08
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Efflux-mediated heavy metal resistance in prokaryotes. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0168-6445(03)00048-2
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Nies, D. H. (2003). Efflux-mediated heavy metal resistance in prokaryotes. FEMS Microbiology Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-6445(03)00048-2

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