The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Crisis Support Scale: psychometric qualities and further validation
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In the citing paper
“Validation studies indicate robust psychometric properties for the scale across a range of trauma populations, including bereaved parents of infants (with Cronbach’s alphas ranging between 0.67 and 0.82; in this study, Cronbach’s alpha was 0.69) [71].”
From Factors contributing to men’s grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal death: further development of an emerging model in an Australian sample (2021) · cites this paper as [71]
In the citing paper
“It has been converted from a semi-structured questionnaire into a questionnaire form and focuses on perceived social support in relation to a crisis or important life event, in this case having to undergo cardiac surgery.”
From Postponement of elective cardiac surgery: A prospective observational analysis of anxiety, depression, social support and clinical complications. (2023) · cites this paper as Elklit et al., 2001
In the citing paper
“our results also indicate that male patients are less likely to experience social support than female patients.”
From Postponement of elective cardiac surgery: A prospective observational analysis of anxiety, depression, social support and clinical complications. (2023) · cites this paper as Elklit et al., 2001
Citations
Cites
Social support as a moderator of life stress
Cobb, S. (1976) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-197609000-00003 · Cited by 6,936
Ross, C. E., Cohen, S., & Syme, S. L. (1986) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2071725 · Cited by 3,927
Social support: An interactional view.
Sarason, B. R., Sarason, I. G., & Pierce, G. R. (1990) · Wiley eBooks · Cited by 2,657
Perceived support, received support, and adjustment to stressful life events
Wethington, E., & Kessler, R. C. (1986) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136504 · Cited by 1,431
Burgess, A. W., & Holmstrom, L. L. (1974) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.131.9.981 · Cited by 1,069
Social Support, Stressful Life Events, and Illness: A Model and an Empirical Test
Lin, N., Ensel, W. M., Simeone, R. S., & Kuo, W. H. (1979) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136433 · Cited by 902
International Handbook of Traumatic Stress Syndromes
Wilson, J. P., & Raphael, B. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2820-3 · Cited by 871
Social support, self-esteem and depression
Brown, G. W., Andrews, B. J., Harris, T., Adler, Z., & Bridge, L. R. (1986) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700011831 · Cited by 686
The Impact of a Military Air Disaster on The Health of Assistance Workers
Bartone, P. T., Ursano, R. J., Wright, K. M., & Ingraham, L. H. (1989) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-198906000-00001 · Cited by 603
Life stress and health: Personality, coping, and family support in stress resistance.
Holahan, C. J., & Moos, R. H. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.49.3.739 · Cited by 287
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Andersen, M. T. (1999). Unges psykiske tilpasning til voldsomme begivenheder. (The psychological adjustment of adolescents to traumatic events). Unpublished Master's Thesis, Institute of Psychology, University of Aarhus.
- Elklit, 1999, Røveriofre — de psykologiske konsekvenser af væbnet røveri (Victims of robbery — the psychological consequences of armed robbery), Psykologisk Skriftserie, 24
- Elklit, 1998, Forekomst og art af traumatiserende begivenheder hos unge bosniske flygtninge i Danmark. (Prevalence and type of traumatising events in young Bosnian refugees in Denmark), Danish Medical Journal, 160, 4285
- Paap, 1981, Being burglarized, Victimology, 6, 297
- Porritt, 1979, Social support in crisis, Social Science and Medicine, 13A, 719
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–140 of 140
Perceived social support and symptoms of prolonged grief after a drug-related death
Reime, M. A., O’Connor, M., Hystad, S. W., & Dyregrov, K. (2024) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2024.2376037 · Cited by 5
“…perceived positive support and are used in this study for subscale analysis: (1) “Someone willing to listen,” (2) “Contact with people in a similar situation,” (3) “Ability to talk about thoughts and feelings,” (4) “Sympathy and support from others,” (5) “Practical support” (Elklit et al., 2001).”
InfluentialAli, S. A., Pihl‐Thingvad, J., & Elklit, A. (2020) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-020-01586-7 · Cited by 6
Self-citationSpindler, H., Thorup, C. B., Nøhr, D., & Andreasen, J. J. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.16818 · Cited by 4
Andersen, L. P., Elklit, A., & Pihl‐Thingvad, J. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01081-x · Cited by 4
“Crisis social support Was measured by the Crisis Support Scale [36, 37].”
MethodSelf-citationSaan, M. C., van Wesel, F., Leferink, S., Hox, J. J., Boeije, H., & van der Velden, P. G. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276476 · Cited by 5
Ruud, T., Hasselberg, N., Siqveland, J., & Holgersen, K. H. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05543-3 · Cited by 3
“A review of the psychometric properties of CSS in 11 trauma studies concluded that the scale appears to be very robust, with good reliability and discriminatory power, and adequate internal consistency [34].”
BackgroundEmotion Regulation Difficulties, Aggression, and PTSD Symptoms in Danish Treatment-Seeking Veterans
Elklit, A., & Dahl, N. H. (2025) · Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies · doi:10.31374/sjms.264 · Cited by 3
Self-citationVergura, D. T., Luceri, B., & Zerbini, C. (2021) · International Journal of Business and Management · doi:10.5539/ijbm.v16n5p133 · Cited by 4
“Homophily was measured through the four items proposed by Kusumasondjaja (2015), while the 7-item Crisis Support Scale by Elklit et al. (2001) was used for detecting social support in SNs. Loneliness was measured using the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8) (Wu & Yao, 2008).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKëllezi, B., Dhiman, P., Coupland, C. A. C., Whitehead, J., Morriss, R. K., Joseph, S., Beckett, K., Sleney, J., Barnes, J., & Kendrick, D. (2021) · Injury Prevention · doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044311 · Cited by 3
Kindness for Kindness: A Dual Appraisal of International Support in Response to COVID-19
Yang, F. X., Li, X., Cai, J. B., Xiong, X., & Wong, I. A. (2023) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/00472875231175080 · Cited by 3
“Four items were adopted and modified from Elklit et al. (2001) to measure the support that China has received from a certain country during COVID-19.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPosttraumatic stress disorder in adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood cancer
Jeggesen, A., Gudmundsdóttir, D. B., & Elklit, A. (2012) · Nordic Psychology · doi:10.1080/19012276.2012.768037 · Cited by 3
Self-citationRisk factors for suicide attempts in the total population of Faroese eighth graders
Petersen, T., & Elklit, A. (2013) · Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology · doi:10.21307/sjcapp-2014-015 · Cited by 2
“consistency and discriminatory power (48).”
Self-citationPredicting Time Spent in Treatment in a Sample of Danish Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse
Fletcher, S., Elklit, A., Shevlin, M. E., & Armour, C. (2017) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2017.1316336 · Cited by 3
Self-citationFactors Affecting Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorder among Search and Rescue Team in Makassar
Rahayu, S., Sjattar, E. L., & Seniwati, T. (2021) · Indonesian Contemporary Nursing Journal (ICON Journal) · doi:10.20956/icon.v5i2.9032 · Cited by 3
Pruneau, G. M. (2010) · ProQuest LLC eBooks · Cited by 3
Analyses of experiences of vicarious traumatisation in short-term insurance claims workers
Ludick, M. (2013) · University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Institutional Repository on DSpace (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg) · Cited by 3
Hotel quarantine and trip-induced wellbeing: the buffering effect of online crisis support
Lin, Z., Wong, I. A., & Yang, F. X. (2024) · Tourism Recreation Research · doi:10.1080/02508281.2024.2327257 · Cited by 2
“We assessed online crisis support on a measure composed of two items from Elklit et al. (2001).”
Resilience mediates the relationship between social support and anxiety in postpartum mothers
Ben-David, H., & Miller, K. J. (2025) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1080/13284207.2025.2462842 · Cited by 2
Prolonged Grief in Siblings Bereaved by Drug-Related Death and Help Services Experiences
Titlestad, K. B., Bottomley, J. S., Hystad, S. W., & Lindeman, S. K. (2025) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2025.2522691 · Cited by 2
“The Crisis Support Scale (CSS), initially developed by Joseph et al. (1992) and further validated by Elklit et al. (2001), was used to assess received social support.”
Lindekilde, N., Melander-Nyboe, P., Vang, M. L., Andersen, L. P., Elklit, A., & Pihl‐Thingvad, J. (2026) · Emergency Medicine Journal · doi:10.1136/emermed-2025-215183 · Cited by 2
“18 Received support is measured using a modified version of the GHSQ consisting of 10 single items describing specific types of support, why answering these items is less prone to be biased by subjective interpretation.”
Self-citationWhen helpers need help: A case study on the 2012 earthquakes in Italy
Guglielmi, D., Vignoli, M., Camellini, L., Florini, M. C., Brunetti, M., & Depolo, M. (2017) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-172616 · Cited by 2
“Support after the earthquake: we used the 7-item Crisis Support Scale [20].”
Price, J. I., Bohara, A. K., & Hansen, W. L. (2022) · GeoHazards · doi:10.3390/geohazards3030021 · Cited by 2
“The CSS demonstrates good internal consistency and discriminatory power [41], and it has been used in several natural hazard studies [42–44].”
MethodAli, S. A., Pihl‐Thingvad, J., & Elklit, A. (2022) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-205177 · Cited by 2
“The CSS has shown good reliability and validity [43], which a Danish study also confirms [44].”
Self-citationWahlström, L. (2010) · Figshare · Cited by 2
Social support and posttraumatic growth following diagnosis with breast cancer
Diggens, J. (2003) · Summit (Simon Fraser University) · Cited by 2
Trauma and personality disorders in Danish treatment-seeking veterans
Elklit, A., & Sørensen, S. F. (2025) · The European Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ejpsy.2025.100327 · Cited by 1
Self-citationPosttraumatic growth in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors: prevalence and associated factors
Wagner, M. K., Berg, S. K., Hassager, C., Borregaard, B., Petrova, D., Agarwal, S., Stenbæk, D. S., & Blakoe, M. (2025) · Resuscitation Plus · doi:10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100980 · Cited by 1
“26 See Supplementary Table S1 for a detailed description of the tools and assessment method used, the total scores and thresholds applied, and the time point at which each measure was captured.”
Hussain, A. (2012) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives · Cited by 1
Post-traumatic Stress Reactions in Children after two large Earthquakes
Bödvarsdóttir, Í., Elklit, A., & Gudmundsdóttir, D. B. (2006)
Self-citationUdgør social støtte en forskel for risiko for at udvikle ikkesuicidal selvskade?
Møhl, B., Vammen, K. S., & CHRISTOFFERSEN, M. N. (2017) · Psyke & Logos · doi:10.7146/pl.v37i2.25691
Reyes, G., Elhai, J. D., & Ford, J. D. (2008) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118269947.ch19
Kemmere, B., van Pelt, Y. T., Lommen, M. J. J., Huntjens, R. J. C., Olff, M., Méndez, M. Z., Matthijssen, S. J. M. A., Roijen, L. H., Nijdam, M. J., & ter Heide, F. J. J. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-102530
The Impact of Childhood Abuse on Young Danish Adults from Families with Alcohol Problems
Elklit, A., Mackrill, T., & Petersen, A. S. (2025) · Open Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.4236/ojepi.2025.152028
Self-citationFreh, F. M. (2013) · PEARL (University of Plymouth) · doi:10.24382/4740
Ruud, T., Hasselberg, N., Siqveland, J., & Holgersen, K. H. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25123893
Obst, K. L., Oxlad, M., Due, C., & Middleton, P. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13545679
Uğurlu, F. (2025) · Opus uluslararası toplum araştırmaları dergisi · doi:10.26466/opusjsr.1772277
Posttraumatic Growth Among Siblings Bereaved by a Drug-Related Death: A Mixed-Method Study
Reime, M. A., Kleppe, L. M., Bringedal, N., & Titlestad, K. B. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16040549
Elklit, A., Packness, A., & Dahl, N. H. (2026) · American Journal of Disaster Medicine · doi:10.5055/ajdm.0529
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Elklit, A., Schmidt Pedersen, S., & Jind, L.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Elklit, Ask
- ORCID
- Elklit, Ask
- Venue
- Personality and Individual Differences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-12
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1291-1302
- ISSN
- 0191-8869 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2071500133
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Individual Differences (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Keywords
- social support, post-traumatic stress, trauma survivors, psychometric validation, gender differences, age differences, concurrent validity
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