Cited by 691Psychological and Temporal Perspectives ResearchTraffic and Road SafetyPersonality Traits and Psychology

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Present time perspective as a predictor of risky driving

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Zimbardo, Philip G., Keough, Kelli A., Boyd, John N.·1997·Personality and Individual Differences

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Abstract

This research introduces a new individual difference variable, time perspective, as an important predictor of risky driving. Across three separate replications, with 2863 participants, present time perspective is significantly correlated with reported risky driving behaviors. Its effect is greater than, and independent of, the negative correlations between future time perspective and risky driving. Additionally, males are more present-oriented and report taking more risks than females, while females are more future-oriented. Regression analyses and discriminate validity assessments demonstrate that present time perspective remains an independent predictor of risky driving even when pitted against nine other measures previously reported as related to driving risk, such as, sensation seeking, impulsivity, and aggression. Although complicated by the number of factors potentially involved, it is imperative to attempt to predict such risk because of the enormous economic and psychological toll resulting from auto accidents and fatalities related to risky driving. Discussion centers on implications for education based on understanding the psychological dynamics of time perspective and links to general risk-taking and self-regulation.

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Authors: Zimbardo, P. G., Keough, K. A., & Boyd, J. N.
Affiliations: Stanford University (US)
Corresponding author: Zimbardo, Philip G.
ORCID: Zimbardo, Philip G.
Venue: Personality and Individual Differences
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1997-12
Volume: 23
Issue: 6
Pages: 1007-1023
ISSN: 0191-8869 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0191-8869(97)00113-x
OpenAlex: W1981983894
Cited by: 691
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 31
FWCI: 3.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (vor, 561 d)
Locations: Personality and Individual Differences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders: National Science Foundation
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychological and Temporal Perspectives Research
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality › Traffic and Road Safety
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Keywords: future time perspective, risky driving behavior, time perspective, individual differences, gender differences, sensation seeking, impulsivity, aggression, risk-taking, self-regulation, road safety

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