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Present time perspective as a predictor of risky driving
Open accessAbstract
This research introduces a new individual difference variable, time perspective, as an important predictor of risky driving. Across three separate replications, with 2863 participants, present time perspective is significantly correlated with reported risky driving behaviors. Its effect is greater than, and independent of, the negative correlations between future time perspective and risky driving. Additionally, males are more present-oriented and report taking more risks than females, while females are more future-oriented. Regression analyses and discriminate validity assessments demonstrate that present time perspective remains an independent predictor of risky driving even when pitted against nine other measures previously reported as related to driving risk, such as, sensation seeking, impulsivity, and aggression. Although complicated by the number of factors potentially involved, it is imperative to attempt to predict such risk because of the enormous economic and psychological toll resulting from auto accidents and fatalities related to risky driving. Discussion centers on implications for education based on understanding the psychological dynamics of time perspective and links to general risk-taking and self-regulation.
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“present time perspective is significantly correlated with risky driving”
From Behavioral trainings and manipulations to reduce delay discounting: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as Zimbardo, Keough, & Boyd, 1997
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zimbardo, P. G., Keough, K. A., & Boyd, J. N.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zimbardo, Philip G.
- ORCID
- Zimbardo, Philip G.
- Venue
- Personality and Individual Differences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-12
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1007-1023
- ISSN
- 0191-8869 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1981983894
- Cited by
- 691
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 3.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Personality and Individual Differences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychological and Temporal Perspectives Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality › Traffic and Road Safety
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- future time perspective, risky driving behavior, time perspective, individual differences, gender differences, sensation seeking, impulsivity, aggression, risk-taking, self-regulation, road safety
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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