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Pathobiology of traumatically induced axonal injury in animals and man
Abstract
Study objectives Although diffuse axonal injury is recognized as a consistent feature of traumatic brain injury, there is confusion regarding its pathogenesis. To provide insight into its pathogenesis, animal models of traumatic brain injury complemented by post mortem human analyses were used. Design In animals, anterograde tracers together with antibodies targeting the neurofilament subunits were used in light and electron microscopic analyses of axonal injury. In humans, antibodies to the neurofilament subunits also were used to follow diffuse axonal injury. Animals were followed from minutes to months after injury, whereas humans were studied from six hours to 59 days after injury. Measurements and main results In neither animals nor humans did traumatic brain injury cause direct axonal tearing. Instead, the traumatic brain injury triggered focal intra-axonal change in the 68-kd neurofilament subunit, which became disordered in its alignment and resulted in impaired axoplasmic transport. This caused axonal swelling and disconnection. The sequence of axonal change was similar in animals and man; however, its temporal progression was slower in humans. Conclusion Traumatically induced axonal damage is triggered first by focal intra-axonal change involving the neurofilament subunits. This neurofilament change is due to either direct mechanical failure of the axonal cytoskeleton or the initiation of a biochemical event that causes neurofilament disassembly. In general, the tem…
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“Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is an additional source of accumulating APP (127, 128).”
From The Inflammatory Continuum of Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimer’s Disease (2018) · cites this paper as [127]
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Gardiner, D. (2011) · VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) · doi:10.25772/8gzz-w709 · Cited by 1
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“Instead, mild trauma can result in damaged axons dispersed among intact ones within major white matter tracts (Povlishock, 1993; Sullivan et al., 2013).”
Microglial process convergence onto injured axonal swellings, a human postmortem brain tissue study
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Central Nervous System axonal regeneration by spatially targeted drug combinationsPreprint
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“Axonal damage is first induced by neurofilament (microtubule) disassembly, and inflammation can lead to apoptosis and inhibit regeneration.(30,31) Therefore, we looked for subcellular processes that could be targeted by drugs at the injury site.”
BackgroundPrevention of Blast-Related Injuries
King, A., Cavanaugh, J., Yang, K. H., Zhang, L.-Y., Jin, X., & Zhu, F. (2015) · doi:10.21236/ada615108
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Axon Initial Segment Integrity in Aging and Traumatic Brain Injury
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“In contrast, in mTBI rapid acceleration-deceleration can cause diffuse microscopic perturbation such as distortion of mechanoporation of neuronal membranes (Povlishock, 1993).”
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“As such, executive dysfunction associated with the frontal lobe damage is common among individuals with severe TBI (Graham, 1999; Povlishock, 1993).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Povlishock, J. T.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Povlishock, John T
- Venue
- Annals of Emergency Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1993-06
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 980-986
- ISSN
- 0196-0644 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1986550170
- Cited by
- 236
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 7.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Emergency Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
- Keywords
- traumatic brain injury, diffuse axonal injury, neurofilament subunits, axonal transport, axonal swellings, axonal cytoskeleton
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Axons, Brain Injuries, Humans
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