Measurement of parental discipline and nurturance
Abstract
This paper reviews the measurement of parental discipline and nurturance over the past 20 years. Discipline and nurturance are two of the most heavily referenced constructs in the parenting research literature, but there are varying ways to operationalize them with respect to both method and content. The review considered 76 questionnaires that purported to assess discipline, nurturance, or both. The evaluation included examination of a total of 27 interview schedules that used either in-person or telephone structured questions or a vignette format and focused on discipline and nurturance or discipline only. A total of 33 observational systems were reviewed, the majority of which addressed both discipline and nurturance. All measures were profiled, and several noteworthy instruments were discussed. Recommendations were offered regarding how to strengthen measurement and scientific understanding of discipline and nurturance, including the need for greater attention to cultural variation and measurement equivalence issues.
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The validity of parental self-report has been questioned.
“The validity of parental self-report has been questioned (Holden, 2001; Locke and Prinz, 2002; Perepletchikova and Kazdin, 2004).”
From A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression (2022) · cites this paper as Locke and Prinz, 2002
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A parental bonding instrument.
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Intergenerational transmission of harsh parenting
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Parenting as a protective process for school success in children from homeless families
Miliotis, D., Sesma, Jr., & Masten, A. S. (1999) · Early Education & Development · doi:10.1207/s15566935eed1002_2 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
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Understanding and Improving the Validity of Self-Report of Parenting
Morsbach, S. K., & Prinz, R. J. (2006) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-006-0001-5 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Self-citationKnafo, A., Israel, S., & Ebstein, R. P. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579410000647 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression
Vigdal, J. S., & Brønnick, K. K. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.872981 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Childhood discipline, perceptions of parents, and current functioning in female college students
Renk, K., McKinney, C., Klein, J., & Oliveros, A. (2006) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.01.006 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
- Authors
- Locke, L. M., & Prinz, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of South Carolina (US)
- Corresponding author
- Prinz, Ronald J
- ORCID
- Prinz, Ronald J
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-07
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 895-929
- ISSN
- 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2046964133
- Cited by
- 345
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 8.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Keywords
- parental discipline, parental nurturance, questionnaire, interview schedule, observational measures, measurement invariance, cultural variation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child, Child Development, Family, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Parent-Child Relations, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Environment, Parenting
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