The DOI matches its Crossref record; 280 of the 280 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and sensitivity to stress
Abstract
Until recently, claims for the psychological benefits of physical exercise have tended to precede supportive evidence. Acutely, emotional effects of exercise remain confusing, both positive and negative effects being reported. Results of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are more consistent in indicating that aerobic exercise training has antidepressant and anxiolytic effects and protects against harmful consequences of stress. Details of each of these effects remain unclear. Antidepressant and anxiolytic effects have been demonstrated most clearly in subclinical disorder, and clinical applications remain to be exploited. Cross-sectional studies link exercise habits to protection from harmful effects of stress on physical and mental health, but causality is not clear. Nevertheless, the pattern of evidence suggests the theory that exercise training recruits a process which confers enduring resilience to stress. This view allows the effects of exercise to be understood in terms of existing psychobiological knowledge, and it can thereby provide the theoretical base that is needed to guide future research in this area. Clinically, exercise training continues to offer clinical psychologists a vehicle for nonspecific therapeutic social and psychological processes. It also offers a specific psychological treatment that may be particularly effective for patients for whom more conventional psychological interventions are less acceptable.
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In the citing paper
“Exercise will bolster individual wellness; 75 it will create behavioral distraction from stressful situations and degrade the psychological impact of a situation. 57”
In the citing paper
“Physical activity has also been identified as a potential coping resource [5] that can provide enduring resilience to stress [17].”
In the citing paper
“especially regular vigorous sports activities are related to mood improvement and stress reduction (Steptoe et al. 1998; for a review see Salmon 2001)”
From Energy Management of People in Organizations: A Review and Research Agenda (2011) · cites this paper as Salmon 2001
In the citing paper
“Non-exercisers starting a work-out program should realize that most of the positive effects of regular exercise may only manifest themselves in the long-term (Hsiao and Thayer 1998; Salmon 2001; Steptoe and Bolton 1988).”
From Energy Management of People in Organizations: A Review and Research Agenda (2011) · cites this paper as Salmon 2001
Citations
Cites
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Exercise as medicine - evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases
Pedersen, B. K., & Saltin, B. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12581 · Cited by 3,514
Evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in chronic disease
Pedersen, B. K., & Saltin, B. (2006) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00520.x · Cited by 1,384
The Effects of Stress on Physical Activity and Exercise
Stults-Kolehmainen, M. A., & Sinha, R. (2014) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0090-5 · Cited by 1,192
The Psychobiology of Depression and Resilience to Stress: Implications for Prevention and Treatment
Southwick, S. M., Vythilingam, M., & Charney, D. S. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143948 · Cited by 1,160
Mikkelsen, K., Stojanovska, L., Polenakovic, M., Bosevski, M., & Apostolopoulos, V. (2017) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.09.003 · Cited by 1,072
Metadata
- Authors
- Salmon, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Salmon, Peter
- ORCID
- Salmon, Peter
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-02
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 33-61
- ISSN
- 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2169340948
- Cited by
- 1,363
- References
- 280
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 83 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 84 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 78 · 2017: 82 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 69 · 2014: 76 · 2013: 76 · 2012: 61
- FWCI
- 2.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- physical activity, aerobic exercise training, anxiety, depression, stress sensitivity, stress resilience, antidepressant effects, anxiolytic effects, exercise therapy
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Stress, Psychological, Exercise, Treatment Outcome
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