Cross-beam vector Doppler ultrasound for angle-independent velocity measurements
Abstract
Combining Doppler measurements taken along multiple intersecting ultrasound (US) beams is one approach to obtaining angle-independent velocity. Over 30 laboratories and companies have developed such cross-beam systems since the 1970s. Early designs focused on multiple single-element probes. In the late 1980s, combining multiple color Doppler images acquired from linear-array transducers became a popular modality. This was further expanded to include beam steering and the use of subapertures. Often, with each change in design, came a new twist to calculating the velocity. This article presents a review of most proposed cross-beam systems published to date. The emphasis is on the basic design, the approach used to determine the angle-independent velocity, the advantages of the design, and the disadvantages of the design. From this, requirements needed to convert the idea of angle-independent vector Doppler into a commercial system are suggested.
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The vector Doppler method is based on estimating the velocity vector from measurements taken from two or more independent directions.
“The vector Doppler method is based on estimating the velocity vector from the measurements taken from two or more independent directions [7].”
From Measurement of rectus femoris muscle velocities during patellar tendon jerk using vector tissue doppler imaging (2009) · cites this paper as [7]
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Knee joint angular velocities and accelerations during the patellar tendon jerk
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- Authors
- Dunmire, B., Beach, K. W., Labs, K.-H., Plett, M., & Strandness, D. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington Medical Center (US)
- University of Basel (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Dunmire, B.
- ORCID
- Beach, K.W.
- Venue
- Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-10
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1213-1235
- ISSN
- 0301-5629 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1964639252
- Cited by
- 272
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Ultrasound in Clinical Applications
- Keywords
- color Doppler ultrasound, linear array transducer, beam steering, subapertures, velocity calculation, ultrasound probe design
- MeSH terms
- Blood Flow Velocity, Rheology, Transducers, Ultrasonography, Doppler
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