Cited by 203Temporomandibular Joint DisordersMusculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationFibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research

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Five-year outcomes in TMD: relationship of changes in pain to changes in physical and psychological variables

Ohrbach, Richard, Dworkin, Samuel F·1998·Pain

DOI 10.1016/s0304-3959(97)00194-2

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Abstract

Factors influencing natural history and clinical course of pain in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are largely unknown. Physical, psychological and behavioral data from a population-based epidemiologic study of TMD were examined in 234 cases of persons reporting TMD pain. The cases were assigned to one of five pain pattern groups based on changes in average TMD pain from baseline to 5-year follow-up: (i) remitted (49% of the sample), (ii) high-improvement (14%), (iii) low-improvement (9%), (iv) same (13%), and (v) worse (16%). For each pain change group, an ANOVA-derived pattern analysis was performed to assess whether the pattern of change in each of seven physical and three psychological variables was congruent or dissimilar to the pattern of change in average pain intensity. For none of the physical or psychological variables was the change over time completely congruent with the changes in pain. Changes in ambient average TMD pain were most closely related to those clinical variables whose assessment is influenced by pain or other self-reported symptoms (e.g., number of muscle sites painful to examiner palpation), while the amount of pain change was less closely related to changes in clinical variables, such as joint sounds, where assessment is not dependent on subjective report. The three psychological variables, anxiety, depression, and somatization, displayed similar change patterns, but these patterns were distinctly different from those of the physical variables in…

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Authors: Ohrbach, R., & Dworkin, S. F.
Affiliations: University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author: Ohrbach, Richard
ORCID: Ohrbach, Richard
Venue: Pain
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1998-01
Volume: 74
Issue: 2
Pages: 315-326
ISSN: 0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3959(97)00194-2
OpenAlex: W2047826445
Cited by: 203
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 10.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Pain (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (2t32de007227-06)
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (T32DE07227, DE08773, P01DE008773)
Topics: Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
Keywords: temporomandibular disorders, TMD pain, pain remission, pain improvement, natural history of pain, psychological distress, anxiety, depression, somatization, joint sounds, muscle palpation, clinical signs, five-year outcomes
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Depression, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Pain, Pain Measurement, Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Treatment Outcome, Pain Management

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Five-year outcomes in TMD: relationship of changes in pain to changes in physical and psychological variables

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