The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Industry costs of equity
Open accessAbstract
Abstract Estimates of the cost of equity for industries are imprecise. Standard errors of more than 3.0% per year are typical for both the CAPM and the three-factor model of Fama and French (1993). These large standard errors are the result of(i) uncertainty about true factor risk premiums and (ii) imp ecise estimates of the loadings of industries on the risk factors. Estimates of the cost of equity for firms and projects are surely even less precise.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds
Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (1993) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/0304-405x(93)90023-5 · Cited by 25,754
Self-citationCAPITAL ASSET PRICES: A THEORY OF MARKET EQUILIBRIUM UNDER CONDITIONS OF RISK*
Sharpe, W. F. (1964) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1964.tb02865.x · Cited by 19,441
Cited by
Corporate Governance and Equity Prices
Gompers, P., Ishii, J., & Metrick, A. (2003) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/00335530360535162 · Cited by 6,120
When Is a Liability Not a Liability? Textual Analysis, Dictionaries, and 10‐Ks
LOUGHRAN, T., & MCDONALD, B. (2011) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01625.x · Cited by 6,015
Does corporate social responsibility affect the cost of capital?
El Ghoul, S., Guedhami, O., Kwok, C. C. Y., & Mishra, D. R. (2011) · Journal of Banking & Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2011.02.007 · Cited by 3,465
How does financial reporting quality relate to investment efficiency?
Biddle, G. C., Hilary, G., & Verdi, R. S. (2009) · Journal of Accounting and Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jacceco.2009.09.001 · Cited by 3,214
What Matters in Corporate Governance?
Bebchuk, L., Cohen, A., & Ferrell, A. (2009) · Review of Financial Studies · doi:10.1093/rfs/hhn099 · Cited by 2,906
Metadata
- Authors
- Fama, E. F., & French, K. R.
- Venue
- Journal of Financial Economics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-02
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 153-193
- ISSN
- 0304-405X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2047134779
- Cited by
- 5,669
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 54.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Industry costs of equity. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0304-405x(96)00896-3
- The paper
- Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (1997). Industry costs of equity. Journal of Financial Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-405x(96)00896-3
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
